Concept Of Shared Space Research Articles

Green Open Space Design in Papan Island Township Arrangement

: The purpose of open space is as a forum for organizing activities that are not only limited to human activities but also as a forum for nature conservation Papan Island has the potential as a tourist destination with its cultural wealth and biodiversity, by creating a space for tourists and still paying attention to the needs of the people of Papan Island and its environment, a tourist area will be created with the concept of Green Open Space (RTH) Method: The method used in this research is the Architectural design method. This method uses an analysis of the activities and needs of tourists and the community on Papan Island. Data obtained through interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies Results and Discussion: This research makes the concept of shared space in architecture refer to an area or environment designed to be used and enjoyed together by a group of people. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, the following design response will be made, namely making flexible openings such as large sliding door openings but at the same time can be closed. Conclusion This research shows that green spaces can be a key element in creating a healthier, more comfortable, and sustainable environment on Papan Island:

Shared space multi-modal traffic modeling using LSTM networks with repulsion map and an intention-based multi-loss function

Shared space is an innovative, yet controversial concept of traffic regulation that features the coexistence of different types of road users (cars, motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians, etc.), with the same priority (no traffic lights or signs) and in the same, unsegregated environment. The effect on traffic conditions, as well as on safety, has not yet been systematically documented due to the lack of dedicated traffic models and simulation tools. In this paper, we develop a variation of the Occupancy LSTM network, enhanced with spatial and temporal proximity aspects and a sophisticated, intention-based loss function that models interactions in a shared space environment and predicts the trajectories of vehicle and pedestrian users. The model achieves a significant prediction accuracy, which allows its exploitation for simulating shared space conditions. Moreover, a simulation experiment is designed to evaluate the concept of shared space in terms of efficiency and safety. Results indicate that the interactions that take place in such an environment would lead to a slight increase of travel time for both types of users (compared to free flow conditions) and a low number of possible conflicts.

Modified social force model for pedestrian–vehicle interactions at a signalized intersection

ABSTRACT Several researchers have modified the original Social Force Model (SFM) for pedestrians by including vehicles and simulating interaction behaviors in shared space layouts. The present study is conducted at a signalized intersection where the performance and functionality are defined by spontaneous order. The SFM was modified, and two-wheelers were added along with cars and pedestrians to analyze their interactions. The Hybrid Calibration Method was adopted to calibrate the interaction parameters utilizing an optimization technique and real-time data from the study site. It can be concluded from the parameter values that the strength of interaction reduced as the range between the road agents increased. The findings can aid urban planners in visualizing the interaction behavior of pedestrians, cars, and two-wheelers. Moreover, the feasibility of introducing the shared space concept in India as an alternative to the conventional traffic planning system can also be determined during the designing phase.

Investigating spatial behaviour in different types of shared space

The shared space concept has been implemented in many European cities to promote barrier-free movement and encourage road users to rely on social behaviour and mutual respect. By minimising traffic control and reducing segregation between traffic modes, it attempts to enhance the role of pedestrians in the space. Yet, shared space design is context-based, relying on local policies, cultural behaviour and the use of different design elements. There is a wide variety of schemes and, due to the complexity of modelling social behaviour in shared spaces, it is still a challenge to analyse the impact of different designs on traffic behaviour. Therefore, investigating existing implementations can be useful to illustrate the potential effect of a certain design approach. In this paper, road users’ trajectories from different types of shared space schemes are analysed and compared in regard to spatial behaviour. For that, five schemes in Germany were selected and recorded. The results indicate that cyclists and motor vehicles move with comparable speeds and mostly follow similar trajectories in the case study areas. However, to avoid conflicts, cyclists might choose to ride on the edges of the circulation zone or seek refuge in the safe zone. Some patterns of pedestrian movement were observed in similar schemes. Pedestrians are more likely to walk in the circulation zone in shared space intersections than in street segments. Nevertheless, this comparative analysis has shown that pedestrian movement is still diverse and hard to predict solely on the design. Even though the shared space design influences how people use the space, the presence of motor vehicles might have a stronger impact on spatial behaviour and should be better explored in future research. In practice, implementing the shared space concept does not necessarily create a balance in space usage or behaviour. It is crucial to integrate design elements and policies to better accommodate the needs of vulnerable road users.

The ethics of the ethics of autonomous vehicles: Levinas and naked streets

My starting point in this article is that investigating the ethics of autonomous vehicles through the lens of the trolley problem is not only limited but also unethical. I construct my case by aligning myself with Niklas Toivakainen, who argues against David Gunkel’s reading of Levinasian ethics as an answer to the “Machine Question”. I adumbrate Toivakainen’s critique that the attempt to give a Levinasian face to the machine is an example of a compensatory logic – a way to avoid a deeper exploration of the moral dynamics from which our technologies emerge. I offer an extended reading of Levinas’s formulation of the face of the other to argue that while the machine cannot signify as a face, the machine can announce or anticipate the signification of the face which the self is infinitely responsible to. I reach this conclusion through focusing on the uncertainty and ambiguity of the signification of the face. I then argue that current approaches to the ethics of autonomous vehicles, based on variations of the trolley problem, fail to locate ethical responsibility to the other, precisely in its attempts to evade uncertainty. I demonstrate how an embrace of uncertainty can make the ethics of autonomous vehicles more ethical through a consideration of the concept of shared space and naked streets in the work of the late Dutch traffic engineer Hans Monderman.

Perceived Safety and Pedestrian Performance in Pedestrian Priority Streets (PPSs) in Seoul, Korea: A Virtual Reality Experiment and Trace Mapping

Pedestrian Priority Street (PPS) project, launched to encourage safer and more convenient walking by improving the inferior pedestrian environment on narrow streets without sidewalks, is based on Monderman’s shared space concept. Similar to the shared space approach, PPS aims for mutual consideration between pedestrians and drivers and strives to create a pedestrian-friendly environment, but the project relies on a unique road surface design. Considering the two main goals of the PPS project, this study investigated how subjective safety and pedestrians’ movements differed by design types. To analyze safety perception, ordered Logit regression and post-hoc interviews were conducted with visual assessment survey using recorded VR (virtual reality) videos. Next, trace mapping and analysis were performed based on the video recordings to measure the degree of free walking. The results found that pedestrians perceived higher safety level in PPSs than in general back road. Further, the pedestrians moved more freely in the street with an integrated design. In other types, which suggested a pedestrian zone at the roadside, there was not much difference in behavior from the general back roads. Thus, the design principle of PPS, which does not set a boundary between pedestrian and vehicle area, should be observed to lead to behavioral changes in pedestrians.

Shared Street as A Means of Liveable Urban Space

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the liveability of urban spaces in many cities around the world. While the sustainable development goals are targeting to achieve more sustainable cities and communities, by providing universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, it is, therefore, of great importance to have more liveable urban spaces within cities. This paper discusses the importance of implementing the shared space concept to attain liveable spaces. Single case study will be the strategy of this research process supported by a qualitative approach in collecting data through conducting field observation and visual survey in the site. Since the behavioural is the manifestation of human response to the environment, this study focuses on the reaction of users to their physical settings. This means it is the physical attributes that will be analysed rather than people’ perception. Thus, methods related to directly communicating with people, such as questionnaire survey, will not be implemented in this study. Synthesizing the content through using SWOT method as the main analysing technique will be implemented. The findings show that by implementing the shared space concept, it will significantly contribute to the liveability of the spaces that are more comfortable, attractive, and accessible for people to live, work, and play.

1인 가구를 위한 공유주택의 공유공간 구성 및 사용자 분석

There have been various changes such as the emergence of urban living houses, the recognition of Gosiwon and Officetel as residential type, and the relaxation of the system to enable them to function. In recent years, And promote the dissemination of shared housing to get such things. However, this quantitative dissemination is not enough to accommodate the diverse needs of single-person households. In addition, there is still a lack of space planning and configuration for shared space in shared housing to accommodate various demands. Recently, the Korean society has been gradually diversifying the family type due to the decline of the traditional family form due to the low fertility rate, the aging and the marriage rate decrease, the increase of the divorce rate, and the transition to the low growth advanced economic structure, the participation of women and diversification of lifestyle. In this study, the concept of shared space for single-family shared housing is established, and the characteristics of space composition of single-family shared house are studied through the case of shared space. First, the definition and status of shared housing are summarized through literature review. Second, through the case analysis, the characteristics of the shared space of one - Third, through the questionnaire analysis, we analyzed the preference of the shared space used by the resident of one applicant. Fourth, the problem of space composition was derived from the analyzed contents, and the improvement plan was suggested. In this study, we analyze the spatial characteristics of the shared space in a shared house for one person, and provide basic data that can be referenced in the planning of the shared house, find out the possibilities and potentials of the shared space and contribute to the activation Expect.

Legal Education and Training Review: a five-year retro/prospective

ABSTRACTThe Legal Education and Training Review final report on the regulation of legal services education and training was published in June 2013. Five years later, members of the research team reflect, in this article, on subsequent developments in the relationship between regulator and regulated. They explore the links between outcomes-focused regulation (OFR) and the hierarchies within the regulatory space and between the OFR-driven focus on competence and its impacts on assessment for qualification and continuing competence thereafter. Finally, they extend the concept of shared space to include the relationship between regulators who commission research and researchers who carry it out. The paper concludes that the project has attracted international interest and informed other projects. Although there is already clear impact in England and Wales, the full significance of the report in the canon of seminal reports into legal education will emerge over the next decade.

Access over ownership: meeting facilities in Lyngby-Taarbæk Knowledge City

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the attitude towards shared space in an urban context with a particular focus on meeting facilities. The Lyngby-Taarbæk City of Knowledge is used as a case, as this organisation has a vision of sharing facilities to stimulate regional development.Design/methodology/approachThe attitude towards shared space in the Lyngby-Taarbæk City of Knowledge is studied in a three-step qualitative research process. An initial survey investigated the City of Knowledge’s members’ attitude towards shared space in general, a workshop further explored motivations and practical needs and a second survey investigated the attitude towards shared meeting facilities. The Brinkø Typology of Shared Use of Space and Facilities is used as the theoretical framework for the study (Brinkø et al., 2015).FindingsThis study shows that the respondents are very positive towards the concept of shared space but more reluctant when it comes to sharing own facilities. A majority of the informants are often using externally owned facilities for meetings and events and prefer professional meeting facilities to schools, universities and sports facilities. This points to a need for developing relevant service concepts, if a shared space strategy with focus on meeting facilities were to be used to increase the use rate of existing buildings not already intended for this use.Originality/valueThis study adds to the so far limited amount of scientific knowledge on the topic of shared space, by investigating the attitude towards shared space among a specific group of people, in relation to the use of external meeting facilities.

1인 가구 공유 주택의 공유 공간 구성 특성에 관한 연구 : 국내ㆍ외 공유 주택 사례 분석을 중심으로

This study was designed to derive the characteristics of shared space composition of shared housing for one-person household through an examination on domestic and overseas cases. To examine the systematic approach to the planning of shared space, the concept and current status of shared housing were analyzed; and, the concept of shared space was derived based on the concept of Altman and, through the analysis on cases of shared housing, the shared space was classified into shared spaces for living support, passage, and community. And then, based on the standard of classification of shared space, the configuration of shared space in shared housing was examined through the analysis on domestic and oversea cases. Thereby, the arrangement and function of each type of compartment in shared space were examined and the configuration of the shared space prepared for an entrance of residents was analyzed and classified into 6 types. Each type revealed a relationship between privacy, living, passage and internal community which were all provided with respective configurative characteristics of each space. Result obtained from this study is estimated that they could be used as a basic data for the design or planning of shared spaces in shared and further, they could also be employed for the design or development of shared spaces of such houses taken the type and characteristics of residents into account.

Assessing Legal Issues for Pedestrian Priority Street in Korea

As the Pedestrian Priority Street(PPS) is listed in the National Land Planning and Utilization Act, the Seoul Metropolitan Government has implemented 10 pilot projects for the recent two years in order to improve pedestrian environment of small alleys without sidewalk in Seoul. Based on the concept of shared space, the PPS has a critical weak point in that the pedestrian's right of way is not secured by law especially in case of casual accident, which could be a serious barrier for adaptation of the PPS. This study is to suppose a series of legal amendments for securing pedestrian's right of way in PPS. The final results are such as follow; first, the superior right of way in full width of PPS should be endowed with pedestrians. Secondly, the right of random street crossing in PPS should be allowed with pedestrian. Thirdly, the speed limit of vehicles should be lowered in PPS. Finally, the PPS should be listed and stated in more practical and powerful law.

A Review of the Evolution of Shared (Street) Space Concepts in Urban Environments

This paper aims to clearly establish the origin and evolution of the shared space concept from a New Zealand perspective by reviewing the literature in the disciplines of both urban design and transportation engineering. The review process involves investigating the use and function of a public road space in the context of the changing of public expectations and how this can relate to a number of interconnected street design approaches (e.g. traffic calming and self-explaining roads (SERs)). These approaches have been used to minimise the influence of motor vehicles since the beginning of the automobile era. The shared space concept, when applied in public road environments in activity centres, has increasingly been embraced by urban planners, transportation engineers and regulatory agencies. A shared space diverges from a conventional road where all road users are encouraged to legitimately occupy the same road space with little physical separation. To achieve this in a safe and efficient manner, the design aims to reduce the dominance of the motor vehicle by promoting pedestrian and cycling activity and utilising the road space as a ‘place’ in addition to its ‘transport’ mobility and access purposes. Given the fundamental conceptual differentiation between a traffic-calmed street and a shared space, the paper argues that there are certain design elements, constituting a shared space, and without them, it would be difficult for a public street to function as a genuine shared space for all road users.

Safety Performance Study of Shared Pedestrian and Vehicle Space in New Zealand

Road users in a shared space are expected to travel at low operating speeds or very near walking speeds. This expectation is to ensure that an urban street functions as a destination and that the dominance of the vehicular traffic is neutralized. The implementation of a shared space concept on a public road requires a safety evaluation, especially for vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists. However, the evaluation is difficult because of potential traffic conflicts across the whole road corridor (public right-of-way) except for the designated areas that are free of vehicles. This study explored the results of a safety analysis of a shared zone in Auckland, New Zealand. Along with the recorded crash history, the before (2010) and after (2011 and 2012) data were systematically collected with video surveys and traffic counters. The vehicle speeds, volumes, and road user interactions were processed and analyzed. The outcome of the vehicle speed study highlighted the need for traffic calming to be incorporated into the shared space design to restrain vehicle operating speed, especially for off-peak periods. Further, this study challenged the traditional notion and application of the continuum of traffic events in which potential conflicts (termed inter actions in this study) and uninterrupted passages were the foundation of the number of injury or fatal crashes, specifically in a shared pedestrian and vehicle space environment.

The Attitudes, Perceptions and Concerns of Pedestrians and Vulnerable Road Users to Shared Space: A Case Study from the UK

The concept of shared space is increasingly being incorporated into urban areas in the UK, promoting a major change in the way streets are designed. Shared space is a design feature that aims to encourage pedestrians, cyclists and drivers to share the same deregulated space. However, there is a lack of evidence underpinning shared space, in terms of attitudes and usability, particularly for vulnerable road users including blind and partially sighted, elderly and wheelchair users. This research used street accessibility audits and focus groups with vulnerable pedestrians and 100 completed on-street questionnaires to investigate attitudes and behaviour towards a shared space scheme in Hereford, UK. The findings have shown that despite being very positive towards the scheme, particularly in terms of aesthetics, pedestrians and vulnerable road users had a number of issues and concerns with the design and usability of Widemarsh Street, in particular with nuances of design including the kerbs and vehicular access to the street.

Analysis of Pedestrian Performance in Shared-Space Environments

The concept of shared space as applied in an urban road environment aims to reduce the dominance of motor vehicles by promoting pedestrian and cyclist activity and utilizing road space as a place. Unlike a conventional road, a shared space encourages all road users to legally occupy the same road space with little physical separation. The paper presents pedestrian-related performance measures that were developed under a multifaceted methodological framework to evaluate the success of shared-space schemes on the basis of study areas in the city center of Auckland, New Zealand. Analysis of the data before and after implementation revealed a positive result for pedestrian performance across all sites on the basis of a 24-h pedestrian profile, pedestrian trajectory, dwell time, and stationary activity. A comparative analysis of the data after implementation highlights the importance of the active frontage in enabling a lower (vehicular) speed environment in relation to the number of pedestrians within the shared space. The reported research analysis forms part of a doctoral research study at the University of Auckland with support from Auckland Transport, a regional transport agency in New Zealand.

Indonesia

Border problems are often originated from a very complex issue. Problems that arise are because of there is no uncertainty about the border, and disparity of boundary zone development between the country and neighboring countries. The latter problem often encourages the orientation and mobility of border communities who tend to prefer to more rapid development area. Problems can arise from the differences perception and outlook between the government and society about the meaning of border, as well.This paper proposed the concept of shared space as a strategic move to overcome that perceptual difference on the border. A space that is managed together both in planning and implementation, will be able to minimize the number of conflicts and tensions that often arise in the border region.

Briefing: Minimum effective kerb height for blind and partially sighted people

This paper discusses the problems that blind and partially sighted people have in town centres where a ‘shared space’ design has been created using a shared surface for pedestrians and traffic. It reveals the results of a study which shows that a kerb height of 60 mm is required to ensure that the edge of a footway can be detected by blind and partially sighted pedestrians; and proposes that this should be used along with dropped kerb crossings and tactile paving, and other design features to influence user behaviour in a shared space development. The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association (Guide Dogs), supported by over 30 organisations across the disability sector, has called for a moratorium on new shared surface schemes until the Department for Transport has completed its review of how the shared space concept can be delivered to be accessible for all users. The concept of ‘shared space’ is based upon the observation that traffic and pedestrian behaviour is more affected by the built environment than it is by conventional traffic regulations. Introducing ambiguity and uncertainty for drivers may instil caution in the driver, but this ambiguity should not also extend to vulnerable pedestrians so as to undermine their confidence and safety.

Shared space: An augmented reality approach for computer supported collaborative work

Virtual Reality (VR) appears a natural medium for three-dimensional computer supported collaborative work (CSCW). However the current trend in CSCW is to adapt the computer interface to work with the user's traditional tools, rather than separating the user from the real world as does immersive VR. One solution is through Augmented Reality, the overlaying of virtual objects on the real world. In this paper we describe the Shared Space concept--the application of Augmented Reality for three-dimensional CSCW. This combines the advantages of Virtual Reality with current CSCW approaches. We describe a collaborative experiment based on this concept and present preliminary results which show that this approach may be better for some applications.