Shared Information Space Research Articles

The cultural-social nucleus of an open community: A multi-level community knowledge graph and NASA application

The challenges faced by science, engineering, and society are increasingly complex, requiring broad, cross-disciplinary teams to contribute to collective knowledge, cooperation, and sensemaking efforts. However, existing approaches to collaboration and knowledge sharing are largely manual, inadequate to meet the needs of teams that are not closely connected through personal ties or which lack the time to respond to dynamic requests for contextual information sharing. Nonetheless, in the current remote-first, complexity-driven, time-constrained workplace, such teams are both more common and more necessary. For example, the NASA Center for HelioAnalytics (CfHA) is a growing and cross-disciplinary community that is dedicated to aiding the application of emerging data science techniques and technologies, including AI/ML, to increase the speed, rigor, and depth of space physics scientific discovery. The members of that community possess innumerable skills and competencies and are involved in hundreds of projects, including proposals, committees, papers, presentations, conferences, groups, and missions. Traditional structures for information and knowledge representation do not permit the community to search and discover activities that are ongoing across the Center, nor to understand where skills and knowledge exist. The approaches that do exist are burdensome and result in inefficient use of resources, reinvention of solutions, and missed important connections. The challenge faced by the CfHA is a common one across modern groups and one that must be solved if we are to respond to the grand challenges that face our society, such as complex scientific phenomena, global pandemics and climate change. We present a solution to the problem: a community knowledge graph (KG) that aids an organization to better understand the resources (people, capabilities, affiliations, assets, content, data, models) available across its membership base, and thus supports a more cohesive community and more capable teams, enables robust and responsible application of new technologies, and provides the foundation for all members of the community to co-evolve the shared information space. We call this the Community Action and Understanding via Semantic Enrichment (CAUSE) ontology. We demonstrate the efficacy of KGs that can be instantiated from the ontology together with data from a given community (shown here for the CfHA). Finally, we discuss the implications, including the importance of the community KG for open science.

A high-fidelity prototype of a sterile information system for the perioperative area: OR-Pad

PurposeSupporting the surgeon during surgery is one of the main goals of intelligent ORs. The OR-Pad project aims to optimize the information flow within the perioperative area. A shared information space should enable appropriate preparation and provision of relevant information at any time before, during, and after surgery.MethodsBased on previous work on an interaction concept and system architecture for the sterile OR-Pad system, we designed a user interface for mobile and intraoperative (stationary) use, focusing on the most important functionalities like clear information provision to reduce information overload. The concepts were transferred into a high-fidelity prototype for demonstration purposes. The prototype was evaluated from different perspectives, including a usability study.ResultsThe prototype’s central element is a timeline displaying all available case information chronologically, like radiological images, labor findings, or notes. This information space can be adapted for individual purposes (e.g., highlighting a tumor, filtering for own material). With the mobile and intraoperative mode of the system, relevant information can be added, preselected, viewed, and extended during the perioperative process. Overall, the evaluation showed good results and confirmed the vision of the information system.ConclusionThe high-fidelity prototype of the information system OR-Pad focuses on supporting the surgeon via a timeline making all available case information accessible before, during, and after surgery. The information space can be personalized to enable targeted support. Further development is reasonable to optimize the approach and address missing or insufficient aspects, like the holding arm and sterility concept or new desired features.

Silence is golden? Silences as strategic narratives in Central Asian states' response to the Ukrainian crisis

AbstractIn this article, we argue that Central Asian (CA) states' approach to the Ukrainian crisis should be defined as strategic silence. Such foreign policy reflects how CA's ideological and geographic factors and a shared information space, largely dominated by Russian and Russian-language media, facilitate the understanding of historical continuity among Russian and CA leaders. However, we also demonstrate that CA public officials' and general public's uses of strategic silence reflect the complicated reality of CA states. Their leaders and populations are cognizant of both their dependence on educational and labor opportunities in Russia and their necessity for postwar coexistence with Russia, China, and other states that are not sympathetic to the intentions of the European Union/USA in CA. Therefore, strategic silence is an approach for CA states to voice their disagreement with Russia's approach to Ukraine while avoiding being victimized by Russia and its allies for an openly anti-war stance.

Cross-Platform Usability Model Evaluation

It is becoming common for several devices to be utilised together to access and manipulate shared information spaces and migrate tasks between devices. Despite the increased worldwide use of cross-platform services, there is limited research into how cross-platform service usability can be assessed. This paper presents a novel cross-platform usability model. The model employs the think-aloud protocol, observations, and questionnaires to reveal cross-platform usability problems. Two Likert scales were developed for measuring overall user satisfaction of cross-platform usability and user satisfaction with the seamlessness of the transition between one device and another. The paper further employs a series of objective measures for the proposed model. The viability and performance of the model were examined in the context of evaluating three cross-platform services across three devices. The results demonstrate that the model is a valuable method for assessing and quantifying cross-platform usability. The findings were thoroughly analysed and discussed, and subsequently used to refine the model. The model was also evaluated by eight user experience experts and seven out of the eight agreed that it is useful.

The best practices of the Russian Federation in the organization of anticoagulant therapy in patients with high risk of thromboembolic events

Organization of anticoagulant therapy control plays a key role in ensuring the effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant use. Currently, several models of organization are successfully used in the Russian Federation, which cover more than 23000 patients at high risk for thromboembolic events. There are following common features of the models used: the maximum reduction in the time from the moment of international normalized ratio (INR) testing with a quick communication with a patient for the need to adjust the dose, the ability to sort patients depending on the degree of hypocoagulation and the risks of events with the creation of a personalized approach to treatment, the organization of a shared information space and maintaining a register of patients.

Design Considerations for Real-Time Collaboration with Creative Artificial Intelligence

Machines incorporating techniques from artificial intelligence and machine learning can work with human users on a moment-to-moment, real-time basis to generate creative outcomes, performances and artefacts. We define such systems collaborative, creative AI systems, and in this article, consider the theoretical and practical considerations needed for their design so as to support improvisation, performance and co-creation through real-time, sustained, moment-to-moment interaction. We begin by providing an overview of creative AI systems, examining strengths, opportunities and criticisms in order to draw out the key considerations when designing AI for human creative collaboration. We argue that the artistic goals and creative process should be first and foremost in any design. We then draw from a range of research that looks at human collaboration and teamwork, to examine features that support trust, cooperation, shared awareness and a shared information space. We highlight the importance of understanding the scope and perception of two-way communication between human and machine agents in order to support reflection on conflict, error, evaluation and flow. We conclude with a summary of the range of design challenges for building such systems in provoking, challenging and enhancing human creative activity through their creative agency.

Innovation incentive mechanism in the construction industry

The construction industry carries out effective innovation activities and is characterized by dynamic creation and implementation of construction technologies. In current economic conditions, the most acute problem is intensification of innovation activities of enterprises and restoration of the investment potential of the construction industry. The author developed an organizational economic mechanism for implementing innovative technologies into the construction industry. The mechanism covers the full cycle of the innovation process, determines the list of its main participants, their functions, and is based on the principles of consistency and integrity. This integral approach makes it possible to plan the innovation process due to the shared information space which has to be created by the government. The article describes a method for assessing the economic efficiency of the innovation process in the construction industry, calculating the economic effect of an economic entity for a certain period and identifying the level of innovation activities of enterprises. Innovation activity indicators are used to evaluate achievements of development and implementation of advanced construction technologies.

Knowledge Net: Model and System for Accumulation, Representation, and Use of Knowledge

The paper describes data and knowledge accumulation model named Knowledge Net developed for the company Info Wings LLC. It proposed as a model for formalizing, presenting, and using of knowledge and data within single shared information space of an intelligent enterprise, for example, within the framework of Industry 4.0. The key features of Knowledge Net are the support of multi-aspect description of entities, the possibility of expanding the network of concepts and entities, and the dynamic evolution of the aspects structure. The Knowledge Net is based on a graph data model and it is the part of ongoing open source application development of a digital enterprise platform. The paper provides an example of using Knowledge Net software to describe objects of a manufacturing enterprise. Current state analysis has not revealed complete analogues of Knowledge Net model for accumulation, presentation, and use of data and knowledge or the corresponding software that justifies the novelty of the model described in the paper.

Catalogue of Life Plus: innovating the CoL systems as a foundation for a clearinghouse for names and taxonomy

In 2015, the global biodiversity information initiatives Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), Barcode of Life Data systems (BoLD), Catalogue of Life (CoL), Encyclopedia of Life (EOL), and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) took the first step to work on the idea for building a single shared authoritative nomenclature and taxonomic foundation that could be used as a backbone to order and connect biodiversity data across various domains. At present, the Catalogue of Life is being used by BHL, BoLD, EOL, and GBIF, but each extend the CoL with additional data to meet the specific backbone services required. The goal of the CoL+ project is to innovate the CoL systems by developing a new information technology infrastructure that includes both the current Catalogue of Life and a provisional Catalogue of Life (replacing the current GBIF backbone taxonomy), separates scientific names and taxonomic concepts with associated unique identifiers, and provides some (infrastructural) support for taxonomic and nomenclatural content authorities to finish their work. The project’s specific objectives are to establish a clearinghouse covering scientific names across all life; provide a single taxonomic view grounded in the consensus classification of the Catalogue of Life along with candidate taxonomic sources, show differences between sources, and provide an avenue for feedback to content authorities while allowing the broader community to contribute, and establish a partnership and governance, allowing a continuing commitment after the project’s end for a clearinghouse infrastructure and its associated components, including a roadmap for future developments of the infrastructure. establish a clearinghouse covering scientific names across all life; provide a single taxonomic view grounded in the consensus classification of the Catalogue of Life along with candidate taxonomic sources, show differences between sources, and provide an avenue for feedback to content authorities while allowing the broader community to contribute, and establish a partnership and governance, allowing a continuing commitment after the project’s end for a clearinghouse infrastructure and its associated components, including a roadmap for future developments of the infrastructure. As result of the project we expect to have a shared information space for names and taxonomy between the Catalogue of Life, nomenclator content authorities (e.g. IPNI, ZooBank) and several global biodiversity information initiatives.

Nursing Information Flow in Long-Term Care Facilities.

Long-term care (LTC), residential care requiring 24-hour nursing services, plays an important role in the health care service delivery system. The purpose of this study was to identify the needed clinical information and information flow to support LTC Registered Nurses (RNs) in care collaboration and clinical decision making. This descriptive qualitative study combines direct observations and semistructured interviews, conducted at Alberta's LTC facilities between May 2014 and August 2015. The constant comparative method (CCM) of joint coding was used for data analysis. Nine RNs from six LTC facilities participated in the study. The RN practice environment includes two essential RN information management aspects: information resources and information spaces. Ten commonly used information resources by RNs included: (1) RN-personal notes; (2) facility-specific templates/forms; (3) nursing processes/tasks; (4) paper-based resident profile; (5) daily care plans; (6) RN-notebooks; (7) medication administration records (MARs); (8) reporting software application (RAI-MDS); (9) people (care providers); and (10) references (i.e., books). Nurses used a combination of shared information spaces, such as the Nurses Station or RN-notebook, and personal information spaces, such as personal notebooks or "sticky" notes. Four essential RN information management functions were identified: collection, classification, storage, and distribution. Six sets of information were necessary to perform RN care tasks and communication, including: (1) admission, discharge, and transfer (ADT); (2) assessment; (3) care plan; (4) intervention (with two subsets: medication and care procedure); (5) report; and (6) reference. Based on the RN information management system requirements, a graphic information flow model was constructed. This baseline study identified key components of a current LTC nursing information management system. The information flow model may assist health information technology (HIT) developers to consolidate the design of HIT solutions for LTC, and serve as a communication tool between nurses and information technology (IT) staff to refine requirements and support further LTC HIT research.

Interoperability in the emergency management. A solution based on distributed databases and P2P networks

To successfully confront a disaster, it is necessary the coordinated and collaborative participation of multiple agencies related to public safety, which provide a response consistent with the requirements of emergency environment and all those affected. For this, is necessary the permanent information exchange between the involved agencies that allows to joint its efforts and to face the emergency of the best possible way. This article describes the interoperability platform architecture, which enables agencies involved in management of an emergency, exchange information using their own information systems and computer tools. The architecture core is inside its Shared Information Space, which manages it as a single storage entity, all information coming from the information systems integrated to the platform. It is founded on a non-relational distributed database and a P2P communications network, to share out the workload between all the platform nodes in order to award availability and scalability to the architecture.

Программная платформа для оператора 6PL

The paper suggests implementing a new concept for 6 Party Logistics (6PL) by analogy with 5PL provider. It is based on the technology of management by conditions in multi-actor integrated information environment. The article de-scribes the results of the analysis of modern levels of logistics services and their implementation features in the context of modern information and communication technologies that are used to build the shared information space and virtual interac-tion of logistics supply chain members. A 6PL provider concept is proposed. On the 6PL level the logistics supply chain members interaction conditions in integrated information space are formed. These conditions are presented as contract agreements that reflect the cases of permanent cooperation between the actors. In contrast to 5PL provider that does not change the interaction conditions and makes no limitation of actors’ decision-making, the 6PL provider can develop new contract agreements that determine long-term cooperation or competition between the actors. The paper provides a list of software components that implement a concept of 6PL provider. The 6PL software platform can be introduced as a part of logistics supply chain resources management system, a manufacturing scheduling sys-tem, Web portals, an enterprise resource planning system, business processes simulation and decision-making support sys-tems.

An Architecture based on Linked Data technologies for the Integration and reuse of OER in MOOCs Context

The Linked Data initiative is considered as one of the most effective alternatives for creating global shared information spaces, it has become an interesting approach for discovering and enriching open educational resources data, as well as achieving semantic interoperability and re-use between multiple OER repositories. The notion of Linked Data refers to a set of best practices for publishing, sharing and interconnecting data in RDF format. Educational repositories managers are, in fact, realizing the potential of using Linked Data for describing, discovering, linking and publishing educational data on the Web. This work shows a data architecture based on semantic web technologies that support the inclusion of open educational materials in massive online courses. The authors focus on a type of openness: open of contents as regards alteration i.e. freedom to reuse the material, to combine it with other materials, to adapt, and to share it further under an open license.

On the protection of social networks user’s information

Social networks have become an essential ingredient of interpersonal communication in the modern world. They enable users to express and share common interests, comment upon everyday events with all the people with whom they are connected. Indeed, the growth of social media has been rapid and has resulted in the adoption of social networks to meet specific communities of interest. However, this shared information space can prove to be dangerous in respect of user privacy issues. In addition to explicit “posts” there is much implicit semantic information that is not explicitly given in the posts that the user shares. For these and other reasons, the protection of information pertaining to each user needs to be supported.In this paper, we present a novel approach wherein the extraction of implicit and explicit information is derived from a small sample of a popular social network (Twitter) that seeks also to preserve user’s privacy whilst maintaining information utility.

Ambient affiliates in virtual cross-organizational tourism alliances: A case study of collaborative new product development

The paper presents intrinsic properties of cross-organizational collaboration in shared information spaces and motivates the concept of ambient communities with particular reference to the tourism sector. Our approach is informed by an ethnographic analysis of assembling innovative information-based products for tourists. Qualitative data collection methods combined with online ‘tells’ reveal that in cross-organizational settings togetherness stems from ambient affiliates’ recurrent co-engagement in computer-mediated distributed collective practices. Intriguing aspects of such practices are its boundary function, an underlying emergent knowledge process and its entanglement with socio-material realities of partners.

Physical space and information space: studies of collaboration in distributed multi-disciplinary medical team meetings

We conducted field studies with three multi-disciplinary cancer teams at three hospitals. We investigated distributed multi-disciplinary team meetings (MDTMs) at each setting focusing on the organisational context, existing collaboration technology facilities and the use and availability of digital medical information systems. Our results highlight how factors such as room size, team size, seating arrangements, display configuration and variations in preparing and presenting medical information clearly influence the dynamics of the conversation and information sharing in distributed MDTMs. Our analysis shows how these configurations, arrangements and practices arise and the implications they have for any technical interventions that might be introduced. We discuss how to configure a collaborative work space to support information sharing and communication in distributed MDTMs, such as a shared physical space facilitating interaction, a shared information space affording varied styles of medical information interaction and, importantly, configuring available technologies and resources to support collaboration in shared spaces without compromising local contexts.

Perspectives on social tagging

Social tagging is one of the major phenomena transforming the World Wide Web from a static platform into an actively shared information space. This paper addresses various aspects of social tagging...

Perspectives on social tagging

AbstractSocial tagging is one of the major phenomena transforming the World Wide Web from a static platform into an actively shared information space. This paper addresses various aspects of social tagging, including different views on the nature of social tagging, how to make use of social tags, and how to bridge social tagging with other Web functionalities; it discusses the use of facets to facilitate browsing and searching of tagging data; and it presents an analogy between bibliometrics and tagometrics, arguing that established bibliometric methodologies can be applied to analyze tagging behavior on the Web. Based on the Upper Tag Ontology (UTO), a Web crawler was built to harvest tag data from Delicious, Flickr, and YouTube in September 2007. In total, 1.8 million objects, including bookmarks, photos, and videos, 3.1 million taggers, and 12.1 million tags were collected and analyzed. Some tagging patterns and variations are identified and discussed.

Equal Opportunities: Do Shareable Interfaces Promote More Group Participation Than Single User Displays?

ABSTRACT Computers designed for single use are often appropriated suboptimally when used by small colocated groups working together. Our research investigates whether shareable interfaces—that are designed for more than one user to interact with–can facilitate more equitable participation in colocated group settings compared with single user displays. We present a conceptual framework that characterizes Shared Information Spaces (SISs) in terms of how they constrain and invite participation using different entry points. An experiment was conducted that compared three different SISs: a physical-digital set-up (least constrained), a multitouch tabletop (medium), and a laptop display (most constrained). Statistical analyses showed there to be little difference in participation levels between the three conditions other than a predictable lack of equity of control over the interface in the laptop condition. However, detailed qualitative analyses revealed more equitable participation took place in the physical-digital condition in terms of verbal utterances over time. Those who spoke the least contributed most to the physical design task. The findings are discussed in relation to the conceptual framework and, more generally, in terms of how to select, design, and combine different display technologies to support collaborative activities.

Understanding and Facilitating Collaboration in Healthcare

Research of collaborative work in healthcare provides new insights into team performance, communication, coordination, and the role of information technology. These new insights may be translated into other domains where continuous operations by multi-disciplinary teams are essential. The symposium will provide a forum for a conceptual framework on shared information spaces (conversational and visual), the relational infrastructure and specific benefits inherent in effective collaboration across teams, interdisciplinary communication strategies in ICU settings, barriers to attaining common ground as well as strategies for facilitating common ground, and the nature of handoffs when pediatric ICU patients transfer to a step-down unit. All of these reports originated from empirical examinations of collaborative work in high stakes healthcare settings. As a whole, this symposium represents a snapshot of how human factors can contribute to healthcare by improving our understanding of how collaboration occurs and can be promoted in healthcare settings.