Share Of Work Research Articles

Aging, low fertility and household debt risk

Population aging is a typical feature of the change of population age structure in many developed countries at present, and the resulting family economic burden is an important factor causing debt risk. This paper uses the sample data of 33 economies of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) from 1992 to 2021 to study the impact of population age structure on household debt risk and its mechanism. The study found that: First, The rising proportion of the elderly population and the elderly dependency ratio have significantly increased the household debt levels, Population aging can increase the risk of household debt by affecting the pension level, total factor productivity and worker share; second, After the economy has suffered from economic fluctuations, The impact of population aging on household debt risk has changed from nonsignificant to positively significant, Show that the economic crisis has reduced household income levels, It weakens the family's solvency; third, With the relatively sound social security system in developed economies, Higher levels of national income, As a result, the aging population has a weak effect on household debt risk. Fourth, human capital investment can alleviate the negative impact of population aging to a certain extent. The reason is that the improvement of education level will improve the living conditions of families and enhance residents' awareness of independent old-age security. The conclusions of this paper have important policy implications for deeply exploring the social consequences of aging economy and reasonably YESling the spillover of household debt risk.

Economic study of the most important determinants of agricultural development in Egypt

The State strives to develop the agricultural sector through four axes: horizontal expansion, increasing the vertical productivity of the unit of area and intensification of crop and production of economic crops for export. The problem of research is that the modest rates of agricultural investment. The research relied on descriptive and quantitative analysis, The most important research results were the estimation of the most important indicators of agricultural development in Egypt, such as: Agricultural Investment Rate: The engineering average reached about 0.07 billion pounds during the period of study, - The rate of agricultural intensification, where the engineering average was about 1.77 million feddans during the study period, - The share of agricultural worker of the cultivated area was the engineering average About 1.54million feddans during the study period, - the agricultural worker's share of the cropping area, the engineering average reached about 2.63 million the agricultural average reached about 1398.8 million workers during the study period. The productivity of the agricultural worker reached about 10807.7, with an engineering average of about 20334.65 million workers during the study period. On agricultural investment, where the engineering medium reached about 9.11 billion The measurement of the determinants of agricultural development in Egypt using the Nerloff model and the estimate of the partial adjustment coefficient (λ) was found to be about 0.951 indicating that a large part of the gap between the actual and desired situation is closed within one time period. The most important factors affecting agricultural development through the index of average per capita agricultural income (y) was agricultural credit, Agricultural exports, Agricultural taxes.

Modeling, Discovering, and Visualizing Workflow Performer-Role Affiliation Networking Knowledge

This paper formalizes a special type of social networking knowledge, which is called “workflow performer-role affiliation networking knowledge.” A workflow model specifies execution sequences of the associated activities and their affiliated relationships with roles, performers, invoked-applications, and relevant data. In Particular, these affiliated relationships exhibit a stream of organizational work-sharing knowledge and utilize business process intelligence to explore resources allotting and planning knowledge concealed in the corresponding workflow model. In this paper, we particularly focus on the performer-role affiliation relationships and their implications as organizational and business process intelligence in workflow-driven organizations. We elaborate a series of theoretical formalisms and practical implementation for modeling, discovering, and visualizing workflow performer-role affiliation networking knowledge, and practical details as workflow performer-role affiliation knowledge representation, discovery, and visualization techniques. These theoretical concepts and practical algorithms are based upon information control net methodology for formally describing workflow models, and the affiliated knowledge eventually represents the various degrees of involvements and participations between a group of performers and a group of roles in a corresponding workflow model. Finally, we summarily describe the implications of the proposed affiliation networking knowledge as business process intelligence, and how worthwhile it is in discovering and visualizing the knowledge in workflow-driven organizations and enterprises that produce massively parallel interactions and large-scaled operational data collections through deploying and enacting massively parallel and large-scale workflow models.

Does Trade Foster Employment Growth in Emerging Markets? Evidence from Turkey

Summary This work investigates the impact of importing, exporting, and two-way trading on firm labor demand in Turkish manufacturing. Adopting Multiple Propensity Score Matching techniques and Difference in Difference estimator, we support the positive internationalization impact on firm employment for an emergent country. Our evidence reveals the existence of complementarity effects between exports and imports, which is strengthened for high trade intensity firms. Furthermore, only high intensity exporting seems to promote the workforce skill upgrading in terms of an increase in the R&D worker share. The employment creation effect of firm internationalization reflects its large positive impact on firm production scale.

Domestic Photography and the Minor: Hawarden and the Aesthetics of Morris

“Yes I repeat that the chief source of art is man's pleasure in his daily necessary work, which expresses itself and is embodied in that work itself; nothing else can make the common surroundings o...

ACM/Springer Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET) Special Issue on “Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing”

Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-180441doi:10.1007/s11036-012-0369-zView record in Web of Science Record created on 2012-08-03, modified on 2017-05-12

Call-Center Labor Cross-Training: It’s a Small World After All

It is well known that flexibility can be created in manufacturing and service operations by using multipurpose production sources such as cross-trained labor, flexible machines, or flexible factories. We focus on flexible service centers, such as inbound call centers with cross-trained agents, and model them as parallel queueing systems with flexible servers. We propose a new approach to analyzing flexibility arising from the multifunctionality of sources of production. We create a work sharing (WS) network model for which its average shortest path length (APL) metric can predict the more effective of two alternative cross-training structures in terms of customer waiting times. We show that the APL metric of small world network (SWN) theory is one simple deterministic solution approach to the complex stochastic problem of designing effective workforce cross-training structures in call centers.

The Structural Pension Reform in Chile: Effects, Comparisons with Other Latin American Reforms, and Lessons

Chile pioneered a structural reform in Latin America that privatized its public pension system and influenced similar reforms in another nine countries. Twenty-five years later, this article evaluates the macroeconomic, microeconomic, and social effects of this reform in Chile and the other countries in the region, and extracts lessons from those experiences. Fiscal costs of the reform have been high and prolonged, exceeded capital accumulation, and had a negative impact on national savings, but Chile's reform has contributed to the development of capital markets; employer's contributions were eliminated or reduced in half of the countries and the worker's share in the total contribution averages 65 per cent; competition is afflicted by a small number of administrators and a high level of concentration; administrative costs are high and stagnant; capital returns are fair but declining; portfolio diversification has been achieved only in Chile and Peru; labour-force coverage has declined in all ten countries, and gender and income inequalities have expanded. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.

Structure optimale des prix dans le secteur postal

L’objectif de cet article est d’etudier la structure optimale des prix dans le secteur postal lorsqu’une partie des clients peut decider de ne pas utiliser la totalite du reseau de l’operateur. Nous comparons la remise optimale pour ces clients a celle preconisee par la theorie des couts evites.

Hours Reductions as Work-Sharing

Hours Reductions as Work-Sharing

Réduction de la durée du travail: de la contrainte légale à la négociation

Cet article analyse l'impact sur l'emploi de diverses politiques de reduction de la duree du travail dans un modele ou les salaires et la duree du travail peuvent etre negocies au niveau de l'entreprise. La premiere partie est consacree a une analyse d'equilibre partiel, a stock de capital donne. Une reduction autoritaire de la duree du travail, l'obligation de negocier collectivement les horaires et des subventions a la reduction des heures ouvrees peuvent accroitre l'emploi si la diminution de la duree du travail induit des gains de productivite. La seconde partie de l'article est consacree a une analyse d'equilibre general, avec mobilite de la main-d'œuvre et stock de capital endogene. Elle souligne que les diminutions de revenu induites par la reduction de la duree du travail doivent etre repercutees sur les gains des chomeurs pour conserver des effets positifs sur l'emploi, qui ne soient pas annules par des derapages salariaux.

A Model of Efficiency Wages as a Signal of Firm Value

We consider performance contracts with firm private information. The verifiable components of the contract, an up-front wage and employment, may serve both as a signal and a performance incentive. Job rent may be necessary for signaling and, since efficient signaling is multidimensional, there is an inextricable link between job rent and underemployment. Signaling can explain the lack of explicit bonding in actuality. Though our basic model is static, our underemployment result is not a consequence of firm myopia. When the firm is farsighted, it will not maximize the joint future surplus if it cannot extract the worker's share at present. Copyright 1993 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.

Firm-Specific Human Capital: Rejoinder to Professor Ohashi

do not question here the general statement by Becker, but Hashimoto's specification. He assumes that the parties determine the worker's share (or the firm's share) in the returns to the specific training so as to maximize their joint gain. I am suspicious of this assumption because the optimal share obtained by maximizing their joint gain may not necessarily coincide with the one which maximizes the worker's (or the employer's income alone, given the possibility of dismissal (or quit). That is, my view is that, in general, there is no incentive for both parties to maximize their joint gain (p. 170).

The Costs of Worker Displacement

This study identifies part of the social loss attendant upon displacement as the remaining value of the assets specific to the severed employment relationship. A bargaining model is used to link wage-tenure profiles to the amount of information firms and workers possess about the duration of that relationship. If information is good, the profile will flatten as displacement approaches. Using PSID data for workers separated between 1977 and 1981, wage-tenure profiles are found not to change. This suggests that either workers, or both firms and workers, are surprised by the displacement. The present value of that part of the social loss attributable to the worker's share of firm-specific capital is around $7,000 (1980 dollars).

Sharing the Work: An Analysis of the Issues in Worksharing and Jobsharing

Sharing the Work: An Analysis of the Issues in Worksharing and Jobsharing

Unemployment and work‐sharing

Unemployment and work‐sharing

Work-Sharing in Wisconsin

Work-Sharing in Wisconsin