Share Of Varieties Research Articles

Methodological approaches to the choice of policy of agricultural seed provision of the Russian Federation

Relevance. In the normative legal documents and scientific publications, various options for the policy of providing Russia with seeds are considered. In most of them, the emphasis is on increasing the share of the sown seeds of domestic selection (including those produced in the country or abroad), the share of seeds of domestic production (including seeds of domestic selection and seeds of foreign selection localized in Russia), the share of varieties of domestic selection allowed for use in the Russian Federation, the number of newly developed varieties of seeds. Business does not always select seeds in accordance with the recommendations of the authorities and science: its policy is aimed at sowing seeds of high quality, which in many cases leads not to an increase, but to a decrease in self-sufficiency in the seeds of domestic selection and production.Methods. Various options for the policy of seed production in Russia have been studied, including the production of seeds of domestic selection, the localization of production of seeds of foreign selection in Russia and Russian selection abroad, import and export of seeds of domestic and foreign selection. Indicators for the economic assessment of each of the crop-specific policy options have been developed. The comparison of the results of the Russian policy of seed provision with the policy of Germany and Poland is carried out. As one of the indicators of the quality of domestic seeds, it is proposed to use the ratio of prices of exported domestic seeds and similar seeds exported by other countries.Results. The necessity of transition from the threshold level of seed self-sufficiency established by the Doctrine of Food Security 2020 to its differentiation for individual crops, taking into account the seeds of domestic and foreign selection produced in Russia, is substantiated. With regard to sunflower, along with the localization of the production of foreign-bred seeds in Russia, special measures are needed to replace the import with domestic-bred seeds. For peas and soybeans, the task of import substitution has been solved due to the localization of the production of seeds of foreign selection (the share of imported seeds is less than 1%). A forward-looking policy should be aimed at achieving a positive export-import balance in seeds.

Confectionery sunflower breeding and supply chain in Eastern Europe

Growing confectionery sunflower for consumption is becoming more and more attractive in the whole world. In Eastern European countries production, processing, and breeding of confectionery sunflower differ from oil-type sunflower. There is no precise information on the sowing areas of confectionery varieties and hybrids in Eastern European countries, mostly because, in statistical reports, sunflower producers do not provide separate data on the share of varieties in gross revenue of all manufactured products. Confectionery sunflower seeds are used in bakery products, but also in a number of natural health products and healthy snacks, as well as for direct consumption in the hull, dehulled, raw or backed form. Confectionery sunflower breeding is characterized by the fact that different markets have different demands when it comes to the seed size, hull colour, and other traits, which make this process more difficult and costlier. Market demands and production area of confectionery sunflower show a steady increase due to its nutritional value and use in human nutrition. In Eastern European countries, it is expected that the highly productive confectionery hybrids will replace varieties, which will lead to the increase of surfaces under this crop.

Potato varieties dynamics (Solanum tuberosum L.), suitable for dissemination in Ukraine during the 1991-2013 period

The analysis of dynamics entering into the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine, potato varieties during the period of 1991–2013.The magnificent differences in the total numbers of varieties, including foreign and national breeding are determined. The certain period of years with relatively equal number of varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine is revealed. Simultaneously their number has increased 4.7 times for the entire period. The Scientific Institutions have been established, and their share of varieties is considered to be the biggest one in the Register, although the varieties of the most Breeding Institutions performed their competitiveness in recent years. The different ratio between foreign countries varieties and firms on number suitable for distribution in Ukraine has been set. It concerns their total number, having increased during the period of 1991 – 2013 12.3 times.

Changes in requirements on vernalization of winter wheat varieties in the Czech Republic in 1950-2000

The need for vernalization of winter wheat varieties cultivated in the CzechRepublic in 2000 was studied in comparison with the need for vernalization in the past decades since 1950. In 2000, many foreign varieties were cultivated in the Czech Republic, mostly West European. Varieties with a vernalization of 40–50 days and 50–60 days show the highest representation in the assortment (47.3% and 31.6%, resp.). The share of varieties with a long vernalization over 60 days is 15.8%. In around 1990, when varieties of domestic breeding were mostly grown, there were, next to the largest group with a vernalization of 40–50 days, 21.7% of varieties with a vernalization of 30–40 days and the same amount with a vernalization of 50–60 days. During the last ten years, the share of varieties with a longer vernalization has risen, not only due to foreign varieties, but also due to new domestic varieties. It is apparent from a 50-year overview that what has predominated are varieties with a vernalization of 40–50 or 40–60 days, which is a range usual for winter varieties of wheat in Middle and West Europe. After 1950, a departure from original domestic varieties appeared; those were represented by original alternative varieties (in Czech přesívky, in German Wechselweizen, in Russian dvuručki) and half-winter varieties with a shorter vernalization, strictly speaking with a vernalization fixed to a short day, and a strong photoperiodic reaction. Representation of varieties as related to their length of vernalization has changed in the course of the decades following utilization of foreign varieties; this was affected above all by varieties from Russia (the former USSR), Germany, but also Yugoslavia. Varieties from these countries were utilized also as parent components in domestic breeding.