Plate Shape Research Articles

Effects of Process Parameters on Microstructure Evolution of Pure Aluminum Target under Clock 135° Collaborative Hot Rolling: A Simulation Study

Based on the results of current research and experiments, clock 135° hot rolling has been widely considered to be the preferred method in target rolling. However, it has been found that the process parameters are of vital importance during the rolling. Therefore, this work focuses mainly on the investigation of the effects of the roll speed ratio and offset distance on the microstructure evolution of a pure aluminum (Al) target under clock 135° collaborative hot rolling. Taking the ultra-thick pure Al metal circular billet as a research object, firstly, the evolutionary behavior of the effective strain (ES) and grain refinement for a rolled piece under the clock counterclockwise 135° synchronous and asynchronous (the speed ratios between rollers are set to be 1:1.05, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, respectively) rolling modes has been comparatively studied based on numerical simulation by DEFORM-3D software. It has been shown that a large ES value of 5.835 mm/mm is obtained in the lower surface layer by counterclockwise 135° asynchronous rolling with a roll–speed ratio of 1:1.2. Meanwhile, the average grain size below 80 µm accounts for ~61.8% of the total grains. These results demonstrate that the clock counterclockwise 135° asynchronous rolling method with a roll speed ratio of 1:1.2 should be an ideal strategy in obtaining finer grains. Unfortunately, nevertheless, the maximum degree of the bad plate shape is generated after forging by clock asynchronous rolling with a speed ratio of 1:1.2. As a consequence, clock counterclockwise 135° snake rolling with a 30 mm offset distance was proposed on the basis of a rolling speed ratio of 1:1.2, which perfectly corrected the warping plate shape caused by clock asynchronous rolling. What is more important, the minimum damage value of 1.60 was achieved accordingly. Meanwhile, the ES value increased in the core of the plate for the clock counterclockwise 135° snake rolling with all of the four offset distances compared to clock synchronous rolling. This study should be significantly conducive to guidance on setting process parameters in the industrial production of hot rolling metal or alloy targets.

Experiential learning with online vibro-acoustic demonstrators

After 25 years of delivering lecture-based learning at a university with mixed success I now supplement my short courses with online experiential learning demonstrators for visualizing and interacting with vibro-acoustic systems. The demonstrators use simple javascript coding and calls to the plotly free libraries. No special software is required (but stronger computers obviously perform faster). Learners can quickly adjust parameters like stiffnesses, masses, and damping using sliders and immediately visualize changes to vibration response and sound fields. Students may exercise demonstrators for one- and two-dimensional acoustic waves; vibrations and mode shapes of simple oscillators, beams, and plates; and sound radiated by and transmitted through panels. Some of the demonstrators are freely available at hambricacoustics.com (others are only available to my short course students).

Quantifying Distal Deltoid Disruption With Linear versus Curvilinear Plating of Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Cadaveric Study

BACKGROUND: Plate fixation of proximal humeral fractures is usually associated with some degree of distal deltoid dissection. The purpose of this study was to quantify deltoid release with standard linear versus curvilinear plates used in the repair of proximal humeral fractures. METHODS: Seven nonpaired, fresh-frozen, clavicle-to-fingertip cadaveric shoulders met the inclusion criteria for this study. Four different proximal humerus implants were tested. One of these plates was curvilinear (89 mm), and the other 3 plates were linear (85, 98, 109 mm in length). Plates were compared based on the amount of deltoid insertion released for proper plate positioning. An analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey tests was conducted to compare mean deltoid disruption across the 3 shortest plate types from each manufacturer. A linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of plate length on mean deltoid release. RESULTS: The mean deltoid insertion length was 39.6 ± 8.6 mm (n = 7). The curvilinear plate (89 mm) required the least amount of average deltoid release at 4.1 ± 4.5 mm, or 12.1% of the deltoid insertion. Independent analysis of variance, including the 3 shortest plates from each manufacturer, found a significant effect of which plate was used on the amount of deltoid disruption that resulted (F(2, 18) = 18.0, P < 0.001, ω = 0.6). A linear regression including all 4 plates demonstrated a statistically significant direct relationship between the plate length and the mean deltoid released (y = 0.6x − 43.8, r2 = 4). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that proximal humerus plate length has a direct relationship with the amount of deltoid released during plating. Although deltoid disruption is length dependent, plate shape (curvilinear vs. linear) could also be contributory. When comparing a curvilinear and a linear plate of similar lengths, the curvilinear plate resulted in less mean deltoid release.

Taxonomy of Iranian Asaccus (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) with description of a new species from southern Iran

We provide the first diversity assessment of Iranian species of the genus Asaccus based on COI DNA-barcoding. We analyzed 53 samples of Iranian Asaccus representing nine OTU corresponding to 10 currently recognzied nominal species, and evaluated both morphological and genetic data to support the recognition of a new species from Bandar-e Jask, Hormozgan Province, southern Iran—Asaccus authenticus sp. nov. The new species is characterized by medium body size (SVL max 55.5 mm), elongated limbs, and relatively small dorsal tubercles arranged in 12–14 regular rows. Morphologically Asaccus authenticus sp. nov. resembles both Arabian and Iranian representatives of the genus; phylogenetically it forms a highly divergent lineage with sister relationships to all other Iranian congeners. We applied the geometric morphometrics method to compare the position and shape of postmental plates for almost all members of Asaccus and evaluated the importance of this character in species diagnostics in this group. We also critically evaluate the recent phylogenetic data on Asaccus and discuss the most problematic questions on taxonomy of this genus. We also revalidate Asaccus ingae (Eiselt, 1973) as a full species; overall our work raises the total number of species of the genus Asaccus to 20.

Demonstration of a novel jaw crusher design at a lab scale

ABSTRACT A novel jaw crusher was designed, constructed and tested at a lab scale. Differences from a conventional jaw crusher include a swing plate that is supported at the outlet, rather than the inlet, wear plates with a corrugation pattern that are designed to break the ore in bending rather than compression, and a trapezoidal wear plate shape to allow for swelling of broken ore. The crusher was tested using an ore sample that was mainly composed of feldspar. The performance of the crusher was evaluated by measuring changes in the size distribution of the ore and the corresponding electrical energy consumed, as a function of ore feed rate. The results indicated that the crusher product size distribution was narrower than that of the feed and independent of ore feed rate, with relatively little generation of fines, demonstrating that the crusher performed as designed in terms of ore breakage mechanism. Though calculated breakage efficiencies suggest that the crusher may be more energy efficient than a conventional jaw crusher, the use of an undersized crusher motor and possible deficiencies in the design of the transmission mechanism, prevent any concrete conclusions from being drawn.

Free vibration analyses of 3D printed plates with different geometric fillings: experimental testing and numerical simulations

Abstract In this article, the numerical and experimental free vibration analyses of PLA-based composite plates with different filling geometries were carried out. Firstly, the natural frequencies and modal shapes were obtained from finite element (FE) methods to characterize the vibration behavior of the plates. The obtained results were compared with experimental testing of the three-dimensional (3D) produced plates. In the comparison, it was seen that the finite element analysis and the experimental results were quite close to each other. It was also observed that the highest frequencies are measured by a triangle, then the grid and honeycomb. Moreover, higher frequencies and lower weights are possible with the triangle pattern fill. On the other hand, it is noted that the types of filling structures do not affect the modal shapes of the 3D plates. Thus, the results of this paper are of utmost importance for getting light structure and high frequencies.

How rugose can you go? Spiny Agonidae armour decreases boundary layer separation

Abstract Armour has been present in vertebrates for millions of years and has evolved independently several times in the ray finned fishes. While armour is typically considered defensive, it is a multifunctional trait with many plausible alternative functions. We explore the hydrodynamic function of armour in nine species of poachers (Agonidae) by visualizing flow to assess drag reduction. We used microcomputed tomography scans to categorize armour morphology into morphotypes, and compared the rugosity (surface roughness) across these morphotypes. We then used digital particle image velocimetry to visualize boundary layer separation along 3D-printed whole-body models made using the scans. Poacher armour comprises eight rows that, some distance behind the second dorsal fin, merge into six. We found four morphotypes, with higher rugosity observed for the prominent spine morphotype and the lowest rugosity in the no-spine morphotype. Principal component analysis revealed that much of the variation in armour morphology is driven by plate shape, spine size, and protrusion. The boundary layer was retained longer in species with larger spines. Overall, the presence of a spine increased boundary layer retention, decreasing the drag, which is advantageous for these benthic fish.

Effects of different corrugated rolls on the performance of BTW1/Q345R composite plate

Abstract BTW1/Q345R composite plate not only has the advantages of high strength and high wear resistance, but also helps to reduce energy consumption and production cost. This paper proposes a novel rolling process based on corrugated rolls for the preparation of wear-resistant steel BTW1/Q345R composite plates. In order to analyze and study the microstructure, and mechanical properties of BTW1/Q345R composite plates after rolling, techniques such as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used. The results indicate that the composite plate obtained through rolling with the corrugated roll of 72 cycles (3# corrugated roll) exhibits a yield strength of 550 MPa, tensile strength of 705 MPa, elongation at break of 17.57%, and shear strength of the composite interface at 242 MPa. Notably, the rolling process with a 3# corrugated roll yields the best combination of tensile mechanical performance and interface bonding performance for the composite plate.

Impact of prototype scale effect on the dynamic responses and damage of steel plates under explosions

Scaling model was widely used in engineering to reveal the responses of full-scale prototype model. This study provided insight into the impact of the scale effect on the dynamic response and damage of stiffened and unstiffened steel plates under explosions. A numerical model consider fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) was established using LS-DYNA platform, and the numerical model was verified by the blast test results. Moreover, the scaling factors (S) equal to 1 (prototype), 1/2, and 1/4, and 1/8, and 1/12 were considered in the study, the scaling effects on the breach size, plastic area, and the deformation shape were analyzed. The results showed that the breach size and plastic area of the scaled model deviated from the ideal results based on the replica law. However, the deformation shapes of scaled-down plates accurately reflected the deformation characteristics of the full prototype plate. The scaling factor significantly influenced the dynamic responses of stiffened and unstiffened steel plates; as the scaling factor (S) increased, the dimensionless displacement decreased. The results indicated that a smaller S led to a larger deviation in response. The influencing factors of the scaling effect were investigated, and it was found that stiffened steel plates were more sensitive to the scaling factor than unstiffened steel plates. By comparing the detonation of cuboid, cylindrical, and spherical explosives blast-loaded onto stiffened steel plates, it was determined that the detonation of cubic explosives caused the most severe scaling effect on stiffened steel plates under blast loads. The study also found that explosive mass and standoff distance influenced the scaling effect of stiffened steel plates under blast loads. Additionally, steel plates in the plastic stage and the critical state between the elastic and plastic stages were particularly sensitive to the scaling effect. Due to the strain rate effect, which can lead to a deviation from the ideal scale law, different steel materials exhibit varying scale sensitivities. Comparing stiffened plates made from Q235, Q345, DH36, and L907A, the order of sensitivity to the scaling factor was: Q235 > Q345 ≈ DH36 > L907A.

Novel AgO-based nanofluid for efficient thermal management of 21700-type lithium-ion battery

In this study, a novel thermal management system for a 21700-type lithium-ion battery pack is designed using AgO-based nanofluid and mesh plate to regulate maximum temperature and uniformity during fast discharging. The effects of discharge C-rate, AgO nanoparticle volume fractions, inflow coolant velocity, inlet/outlet hydraulic diameters, mesh plate shape, and flow direction on thermal efficiency at a high discharge rate (7C) are numerically analyzed. Results show the highest temperature and temperature difference decrease significantly with increased inflow velocity and nanofluid volume fraction. Using 4 %-VF AgO-based nanofluid reduced the maximum temperature and temperature difference by 3.08 % and 60.7 %, respectively, compared to DI-water. Increasing inflow velocity decreased the highest temperature and temperature difference by 0.64 K and 0.3 K, respectively. Different inlet/outlet hydraulic diameters and flow directions significantly affected both the highest temperature and temperature uniformity. Comparing different mesh plate shapes of mesh plates in the thermal management system suggests that the new cooling channel format is promising.

Interpretable prediction model for decoupling hot rough rolling camber-process parameters

The presence of asymmetrical camber defects in reversible hot rough rolling processes significantly impacts the quality of plate shapes. Understanding and quantifying the intricate relationship between process parameters and camber is essential for developing cost-effective strategies to rectify plate shape defects. Previous research predominantly concentrated on specific couplings between process variables and camber, employing simplified mathematical models with physical mechanisms. However, these approaches may overlook critical factors inherent in the entire rough rolling process, which can substantially influence plate shape deformation. Furthermore, heavy reliance on expertise within the rolling domain may limit the capability and accuracy of coupling analysis models. In this paper, we introduce an Interpretable Prediction Model for Decoupling Camber-process Parameters (called IP-DCP), to investigate the process coupling within the entire rough rolling process. IP-DCP employs conditional modeling to integrate the intricate dependencies of process parameters during rough rolling, dynamically shaping composite features that enhance accurate camber predictions. Additionally, we introduce statistical interpretations for camber predictions using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) models. This enables a comprehensive comparison of critical process factors influencing camber and coupling analysis in various rolling scenarios, including the overall rough-rolled slab and specific steel grades such as Q335B and ST12. Extensive experiments have been conducted on actual rough roughing datasets, demonstrating the superior performance of our camber prediction model compared to baselines. Furthermore, we have conducted a quantitative analysis of their overall effect, main effect, and interaction effect. These coupling analysis results consistently align with established theoretical insights, showing their substantial significance in advancing precise process optimization strategies and cost-efficient measures for controlling camber.

Using Mössbauer Spectroscopy to Evaluate the Influence of Heat Treatment on the Surface Characteristics of Additive Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel.

The oxidation behaviour of iron-based 316L stainless steel was investigated in the temperature range of 700 to 1000 °C. The test specimens in the shape of plates were produced by selective laser melting. After fabrication, the samples were sandblasted and then annealed in air for different periods of time (0.5, 2, 8, 32 h). Under the influence of temperature and time, stainless steels tend to form an oxide layer. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, and X-ray diffraction were employed to analyse the composition of this layer. Notably, a thin oxide layer primarily composed of (Fe-Cr) formed on the surface due to temperature effects. In addition, with increasing temperature (up to 1000 °C), the oxide of the main alloying elements, specifically Mn2(Fe-Cr)O4, appeared alongside the Fe-Cr oxide. Furthermore, the samples were subjected to conversion X-ray (CXMS) and conversion electron (CEMS) Mössbauer spectroscopy. CXMS revealed a singlet with a decreasing Mössbauer effect based on the surface metal oxide thickness. CEMS revealed the presence of Fe3+ in the surface layer (0.3 µm). Moreover, an interesting phenomenon occurred at higher temperature levels due to the inhomogeneously thick surface metal oxide layer and the tangential direction of the Mössbauer radiation towards the electron detector.

Study on hydrogen reduction mechanism of MoO3 using Ti–Mo core–shell powder

In this study, the hydrogen reduction mechanism of MoO3 was analyzed in detail using Ti–Mo core–shell powder manufactured through a milling and reduction process. MoO3 and Ti powders were ball-milled to refine the MoO3 powder and coat it onto the Ti powder to fabricated core-shell structure. Subsequently, the milled powder was heat-treated at 600°C in a hydrogen atmosphere to reduce MoO3 to nano-sized Mo. In addition, the reduction behavior of MoO3 was analyzed by varing the reduction times to 1, 10, 30 min and 1, 3, 5 h. Phase analysis was conducted using X-ray diffraction, and oxidation state analysis was conducted using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Morphology analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis was conducted using electron probe micro-analysis. It was confirmed that Mo9O26 and Mo4O11 intermediate phases were formed sequentially as MoO3 was reduced to MoO2, and Mo9O26 had a plate shape with a thickness of sub-70 nm, and Mo4O11 exhibited a thickness of sub-300 nm. Especially, the Mo2O3 intermediate phase, previously studied only theoretically, was experimentally confirmed for the first time in the reduction process from MoO2 to Mo. Furthermore, the analysis of Mo-oxide intermediate phases was explained by the structural characteristics of the core–shell. The shell of Mo oxide was thick and dense, making it difficult for the vapor phase necessary for CVT reduction to penetrate and diffuse into the shell. As a result, the rapid CVT reduction occurred outside the shell, while relatively slower reduction occurred inside the shell where intermediate phases were observed.

Effect of Shape, Size, and Color of the Food Plate on Consumer Perception of Energy Value, Portion Size, Attractiveness, and Expected Price of Dessert.

The development of new dishes in the catering services market requires an understanding of consumers' needs, expectations, and motivations for their choices. The effect of the serving method of a dessert on customers' perceptions of its visual appeal, portion size, energy value, and expected price was evaluated. The study involved the presentation of desserts on plates of various sizes, shapes, and colors. The study was carried out among 1005 respondents using the CAWI method. Our findings revealed that along with an increasing plate size from a diameter of ϕ24-27 cm to ϕ31 cm, the ratings of the dish's perceived appearance (p ≤ 0.001), portion size (p ≤ 0.001), and energy value (p ≤ 0.01) decreased. Plate shape influenced the perceived appearance of the dessert. When placed on a square platter, round desserts were considerably (p ≤ 0.05) less appealing. The color of the plate had a significant influence (p ≤ 0.001) on the dish's perceived appearance and estimated monetary value, and it evoked more sensory-hedonic impressions. Red-plate and white-plate desserts were liked less than black-plate desserts, but color-plated desserts were perceived as more expensive than those served on white dishes. Consumers perceived bright desserts on white plates as traditional, natural, and boring; those on black plates as modern, appetizing, and aesthetic; and those served on red plates as artificial, unsightly, and unappetizing. Higher consumer food neophobia led to a lower rating related to appearance and price perceptions, but elevated perceptions of portion size and energy value appraisal. Our results may be used in the marketing of gastronomic dishes.

Automated Shape Correction for Wood Composites in Continuous Pressing

The effective and comprehensive utilization of forest resources has become the theme of the global “dual-carbon strategy”. Forestry restructured wood is a kind of wood-based panel made of wood-based fiber composite material by high-temperature and high-pressure restructuring–molding, and has become an important material in the field of construction, furniture manufacturing, as well as derivative processing for its excellent physical and mechanical properties, decorative properties, and processing performance. Taking Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) as the recombinant material as the research object, an event-triggered synergetic control mechanism based on interventional three-way decision making is proposed for the viscoelastic multi-field coupling-distributed agile control of the “fixed thickness section” in the MDF continuous flat-pressing process, where some typical quality control problems of complex plate shape deviations including thickness, slope, depression, and bump tend to occur. Firstly, the idea of constructing the industrial event information of continuous hot pressing based on information granulation is proposed, and the information granulation model of the viscoelastic plate shape process mechanism is established by combining the multi-field coupling effect. Secondly, an FMEA-based cyber granular method for diagnosing and controlling the plate thickness diagnosis and control failure information expression of continuous flat pressing is proposed for the problems of plate thickness control failure and plate thickness deviation defect elimination that are prone to occur in the continuous flat-pressing process. The precise control of the plate thickness in the production process is realized based on event-triggered control to achieve the intelligent identification and processing of the various types of faults. The application test is conducted in the international mainstream production line of a certain type of continuous hot-pressing equipment for the production of 18 mm plate thickness; the synergistic effect is basically synchronized after 3 s, the control accuracy reaches 30%, and the average value of the internal bond strength is 1.40, which ensures the integrity of the slab. Practical tests show that the method in the actual production is feasible and effective, with detection and control accuracy of up to ±0.05 mm, indicating that in the production of E0- and E1-level products, the rate of superior products can reach more than 95%.

Photomediated synthesis of stabilizer-free silver nanoprisms with a tunable plasmon wavelength for enhanced catalytic activity

Herein, we introduce a simplified photomediated method for fabricating silver nanoprisms (AgNPrs) with controllable surface plasmon resonance. The Ag nanoparticles (Ag seeds), Ag+, and citrate ions were used to control AgNPrs growth. Citrate ions served as a reducing agent and a stabilizer. The optimized [citrate]/[Ag+] ratio of 10 was sufficient to stabilize the final AgNPrs. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) was used as a strong reducing agent to generate the initial Ag seed amount, then controlled by the [BH4−]/[Ag+] ratio. A ratio of 0.0005–0.005 ([BH4−]/[Ag+]) yielded a 545–702 nm plasmon band of AgNPrs. AgNPrs displayed an irregular plate shape in their morphological structure, featuring lateral dimensions spanning from 30.7 ± 4.3 to 51.0 ± 10.8 nm and a thickness ranging from 7.2 ± 0.8 to 10.7 ± 1.3 nm. The synthesized AgNPrs exhibited excellent stability in the dark at 4 °C without any additional polymeric stabilizer and presented negligible variations in their absorbance UV–visible spectra for at least 1 month. They demonstrated an enormous (111) facet potentially serving as an active catalytic site for reducing 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. With synthesized AgNPrs, the rate constant of the reduction reaction increased to 0.2440 min−1, which was 120 times greater than that without the catalyst or with spherical Ag nanoparticles. These AgNPrs can be reutilized for at least five catalytic cycles without losing their catalytic efficiency.

Structural, magnetic, low and high frequency dielectric properties of Al-substituted M-type SrCe hexaferrites synthesized in the presence of tecomastans (yellow bell) leaves extract

This paper represents a study of the effect of Al-substitutions on structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Sr0·8Ce0·2Fe12-xAlxO19 (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) ferrites synthesized in presence of yellow bell leaves extract. All samples were synthesized using the sol-gel combustion technique with the influence of green synthesis by using leaves of Tecomastans (yellow bell) plant. These samples were preheated at 550 °C for 4 h and finally calcinated at 1150 °C for 6h. These samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, VSM, LCR measurements, and VNA measurements. XRD analysis confirm the formation of a magnetoplumbite M-phase (hexagonal) with a minor impurity phase of CeO2 in all samples. Lattice parameters a and c are obtained from rietveld refinement, which are found in the range from 5.859 Å to 5.883 Å, and 22.96 Å to 23.05 Å respectively. FTIR spectra confirm the absence of organic compounds and the presence of an absorption band in the fingerprint region, which are linked to the stretching of the metal-oxygen bond at the octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The surface morphology of these samples is analyzed using SEM images. Grains with hexagonal plate shapes were observed in each sample. The average grain size varies in the range of 0.565 μm–1.455 μm. EDS data confirms the presence of desired elements in the respective sample. VSM analysis shows hard magnetic behavior in all samples. Magnetic parameters were found in the range, Ms: 36.281–43.397 emu/g, Mr: 12.297–19.841 emu/g, Hc: 2.0987–3.814 kOe. In low-frequency (20 Hz-2 MHz) dielectric measurements, the dielectric constant is high at low frequencies, which rapidly falls as frequency increases. Loss tangent curve shows a relaxation peak for each sample above 200 kHz. AC conductivity is very low in the order of 10−5 S/m in plateau region below 2 kHz, which increases as frequency increases. Cole-Cole plot suggests the effect of grain boundary contribution is higher in non-substituted sample compared to Al-substituted samples. In high-frequency (0.2 GHz–20 GHz) measurements, the dielectric constant remains almost constant. These values are found in the range 5–7.5. Low loss tangent of 0–0.16 were observed in every sample in this frequency domain, with AC conductivity of the order of 10−2 S/m.

Postpartum Changes in Levator Plate Shape and Genital Hiatus Size After Vaginal Delivery.

Vaginal delivery is a risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse. We sought to quantify changes in level III pelvic support measurements at 7weeks and 8months following vaginal delivery. This secondary analysis included primiparous women who underwent pelvic MRI and clinical examinations at 7weeks and 8months after vaginal delivery. Demographics and obstetrical data were abstracted. Mid-sagittal resting MRIs were used to perform level III measurements including urogenital hiatus (UGH), levator hiatus (LH), and mid-sagittal levator area (LA), and to trace the levator plate (LP). Using principal component analysis, 7-week and 8-month principal component scores (PC1s) and MRI measurements were compared using paired t test. If the PC1 score change from 7weeks to 8months was > 0, women were considered to have a more dorsally oriented LP shape. Of 76 participants, POP-Q values did not significantly differ between 7weeks and 8months, but MRI measurements improved (UGH: 3.9 ± 0.8 vs 3.5 ± 0.8, p < 0.001; LH: 5.4 ± 0.8 vs 5.2 ± 0.8, p = 0.01; LA: 18.0 ± 6.0 vs 15.2 ± 6.5, p < 0.001). Approximately 30% (22 out of 76) had a more dorsally oriented LP shape and larger level III measurements at 8months than women with a more ventrally oriented LP shape (LA: 86.4% vs 1.9%, p < 0.001; LH: 16% vs 12%, p < 0.001; UGH: 59.1% vs 3.7%, p < 0.001). After vaginal delivery, most women had "recovery" of level III support-defined by smaller UGH, LH, and LA measurements-and a more ventrally oriented LP shape. However, nearly 30% had larger level III measurements and a more dorsally oriented LP shape, indicating "impaired recovery" of support.

Electrical characteristics and reliability of gallium oxide devices study via TCAD simulation

As the Ga2O3 MOSFET is difficult to prepare and less studied, the use of computers to simulate the device is a great help in research. This paper introduces how to use Silvaco TCAD to simulate Ga2O3 MOSFET, and explores its role in the study of the electrical characteristics and reliability of Ga2O3 MOSFET. It is found that the field plate, medium and fin shape of the device can affect the breakdown voltage and on-resistance respectively, and the reliability of the self-heating effect and switching loss is studied. These experiments prove that TCAD has strong customizability, can accurately simulate the performance of the component, has a guiding role in the experiment and can improve the experiment efficiency. This facilitates further optimization of the electrical characteristics and reliability of Ga2O3 MOSFETs through modification of the device structure, resulting in lower power consumption, heat generation and better durability of electrical devices equipped with Ga2O3 MOSFETs.

Imaging the Rivera and Cocos Plates Shape in Western Mexico from Local Seismicity Studies

Abstract The geometry of the Rivera and Cocos plates subduction below the North American plate has been studied using a total of 5337 hypocenters located in the region of Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, and Michoacán states in western Mexico. Our results show that seismic features of the subduction at Jalisco block (JB), Colima rift zone (CRZ), and Michoacán block are well differentiated. Our study supports the hypothesis that the Jalisco subduction zone is composed of two fore-arc blocks, Banderas and Jalisco fore-arc blocks, separated by the Ipala canyon (Bandy fault). In this region, the crustal thickness of the JB is ∼30 km, whereas the Michoacán block is 35 km thick. We identified four crustal blocks along the coast in the JB from shallow seismicity data. Moreover, we found that the Rivera plate is segmented into three sections with different sizes and geometries evidenced by deep seismicity data. There is no evidence of a slab below the CRZ due to seismicity being scarce, except on the coast and the Colima volcano area where deep earthquakes (&amp;gt;70 km) are observed, which could be related to magmatic processes. The seismicity of the subduction process of the Cocos plate appears homogeneous, except for a seismic cluster at the mouth of Coalcomán River, where the epicentral area of the 1973 and 2021 earthquakes is located. Our results show that the Cocos plate is subducting with an inclination of 24°–30° and is slightly bent in a northwesterly direction. Therefore, our study suggests that current seismotectonic models of the region should be revised.