Training Shapes Research Articles

Artful Instruction: Refining TVET Pedagogy on Food Safety Requirements

Food safety is a critical issue in the culinary industry, and culinary students as a Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) practitioners must understand the importance ofadhering to food safety requirements. However, there are several challenges in ensuring students' perceptions of conformity to food safety requirements are accurate and effective. These issues include the complexity of food safety regulations, the varyinglevels of understanding among students, and the limited resources available to culinary programs to provide comprehensive training. This study explores vocational culinary students' perceptions of conformity to food safety requirements. The research employs quantitative design research, using surveys to collect data from 120 students enrolled in culinary programs at vocational schools in Johor, Malaysia. The study aims to understand how students view their adherence to food safety protocols and how their training and education shape their perceptions. This study is structured as a survey employing a distribution of questionnaires to find culinary students in Johor, Malaysia views compliance with food safety requirements in terms of food safety training, food safety rules, food safety standards, and license compliance with food safety standards. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0 was used to compute the survey responses' mean value, standard deviation, and frequency. All of the responses to the research questions got a high mean score. The results reveal that most students understand food safety practices well, but there needs to be more knowledge and implementation of some critical protocols. Furthermore, the study revealed that vocational students' general perceptions of food safety laws regarding food safety rules had the highest mean value, indicating that this is the most influential factor in persuading how culinary students in Johor, Malaysia perceive compliance with food safety standards. These findings have implications for culinary education programs and the food service industry, suggesting that more attention should be paid to providing students with comprehensive training in food safety practices to ensure safe and healthy food preparation.

Competence, Training, Professionalism, and Financial Rewards Shaping Students’ Career Choice as Auditors

This study addresses the increasing demand for competent auditors by exploring how competence, professional training, and audit professionalism influence accounting students' career interest in auditing. Despite previous research on career selection, the knowledge gap lies in understanding the role of financial rewards as a moderating factor. This research aims to assess the impact of these factors while considering financial rewards as a moderator. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected from 120 accounting students from the 2020 and 2021 cohorts at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo. Results indicate a positive relationship between competence, professional training, and audit professionalism with students' interest in auditing. Financial rewards were found to moderate the relationship between competence and career interest, as well as audit professionalism and career interest; however, it did not moderate professional training. The novelty of this study lies in examining financial rewards' moderating role, offering new insights for academic institutions to focus on competence and professionalism enhancement. Highlights: The study identifies financial rewards as a key factor that can strengthen the relationship between competence and students' interest in auditing careers. Professional training does not show a moderating effect with financial rewards in influencing career choices. The findings suggest a focus on competence and audit professionalism development for better career motivation. Keywords: Interest, Competence, Professional Training, Audit Professionalism, Financial Rewards

On the effect of the processing parameters in microstructure and thermomechanical properties of LPBF NiTi shape memory alloys

Recent studies have shown that variations in the parameters of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process significantly impact the microstructure and thermomechanical properties of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs). Understanding how parameter selection influences the final NiTi SMA properties enables the strategic design of additively manufactured (AM) components with tailored mechanical and transformation behavior, suitable for specific applications in a plethora of scientific fields. However, the connection between processing and thermomechanical properties of NiTi SMAs is still not completely understood. This study investigates the effects of AM parameters laser power (72–185 W), scanning speed (668-1739 mm/s), and hatch spacing (28–85 μm) on a near equiatomic NiTi powder. Low porosity levels are found in the samples additively manufactured (AM) with the different LPBF parameter combinations. The findings also reveal that transformation temperatures and nickel evaporation trends correlate directly with volumetric energy density (VED). Additionally, the amount of Ti2Ni precipitates increases with higher VED. Thermal cycles under constant stress, training, and two-way shape memory effect tests have been performed; the results demonstrate a strain recovery ratio of 2–3.5% for most of the samples. The results arising from this study pave the way for the engineering of customized materials with tailored properties from the same alloy metal powder.

Numerical and experimental study on the aerodynamic noise characteristics of 600-km/h high-speed maglev trains

Abstract High-speed maglev trains represent a new mode of transportation; however, their 600-km/h traveling speed causes serious aerodynamic noise problems, with very little research on the aerodynamic noise of such trains. To clarify the aerodynamic noise source and radiation characteristics of high-speed maglev trains, both large eddy simulations and wind tunnel experiments with a 1:8 scale three-train model were conducted to obtain the aerodynamic noise source spectrum and spatial distribution characteristics of the maglev train at different speeds; the contribution of the dipole noise source was also analyzed. The results revealed that the train shape has a significant impact on the frequency distribution of the far-field aerodynamic noise below 1 kHz, with the highest sound power concentrated on the train head, especially in the areas around the track joint and streamlined sections. The surface dipole sound source energy increases linearly with speed and is mainly distributed at the bottom of the train head and tail train body. A short-streamlined train exhibited the highest ratio, especially in the trailing edge area, up to 1.42×1011 dB. The far-field sound pressure level of the short-streamlined maglev train is significantly higher, with a maximum difference of about 10 dB(A). The distribution pattern of far-field sound pressure level is influenced by the train type, reflected in the tail train and wake area. Different frequency intervals have different relationships between the acoustic pressure level and frequency; long-streamlined models may enhance broadband features in the sound field distribution of high-speed maglev trains. These findings could be used to guide the aero-acoustic design of maglev trains with a designed speed of 600 km/h.

Teaching Reform of Veterinary Microbiology Based on the Hybrid Teaching of Ideology and Politics

The veterinary microbiology teaching team thoroughly implements the national education policy, and iteratively promotes the implementation of the teaching reform of Sanquan education. The teaching team is focused on a “student-centered” approach to education, emphasizing the foundation of “cultivating people and nurturing the root and soul of the nation.” By integrating “knowledge exploration, skill training, and value shaping” into the talent training plan, they are reshaping curriculum objectives and emphasizing ideological education in the syllabus. The teaching content system is being reconstructed, combining multiple interactions of blended teaching with the “six-in-one” ideological education model, to achieve the educational goals of the new agricultural “in-class-extracurricular” approach. This effort provides an empirical basis for the ideological and political teaching reform of the veterinary microbiology curriculum.

Health professions students' perspectives of a stigma-reducing simulation including simulated patients with lived experience of addiction and recovery

BackgroundStigma surrounding substance use disorders (SUDs) hinders treatment. This study explores perceptions of health professions students following simulation-based training involving individuals with lived experience of addiction and recovery. MethodsThematic analysis of self-reflection narratives was conducted to identify themes. ResultsThirty-three graduate students from various health disciplines participated. Four themes were identified: humanizing addiction, cultivation of hope, attitude of gratitude, and transformation and growth. Findings highlight contact-based simulations' potential to challenge stereotypes and foster empathy. ConclusionIntegrating stigma reduction interventions into health curricula is crucial. Contact-based simulation training shapes positive attitudes towards individuals with SUDs.

Review of “Before the Badge: How Academy Training Shapes Police Violence”

Review of “Before the Badge: How Academy Training Shapes Police Violence”

Enhancing workplace spirituality for higher education academicians through human resource practices

PurposeThis study investigates how human resource training and development (HRTD) shapes workplace spirituality in higher education. It delves into key factors impacting spirituality among academics, such as colleague support and e-learning initiatives. Through analytical tools like percentage analysis and Garret ranking, it divides workplace spirituality in academia, exploring the HR strategies that induce it.Design/methodology/approach(a) Type of research – Descriptive research (b) Area of research – The present study is taken up by the academicians as a respondent in selected colleges in Salem district. (c) Sampling technique – Simple random method was adopted. (d) Sources of data collection – The study comprises mixed data method that both types of data were adopted. (i) Primary data – Researcher conducted data by selecting a representative sample of the teaching faculties from various institutions employed in higher education in Salem. (ii) Secondary data – It is mostly gathered through content found on websites. (e) Method of data collection – Structured questionnaires were employed in this research to acquire the data needed for the investigation. Every item it is rated through five-point scale of with 1 denoting “Strongly Agree” to “Strongly Disagree,” this includes questions about the job, coworkers, seniors and training. (f) Research tools used – Descriptive statistics, Friedman test and Garret ranking.FindingsFindings highlight the significance of encouraging colleagues, workplace development and online learning in fostering workplace spirituality. Faculty encouragement emerges as the most impactful HR practice, while development initiatives improve the reputation of training for new aspects. Notably, online training significantly affects workplace spirituality, increasing the influence of cultural training.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for future research arise, suggesting potential models for studying workplace spirituality in academia and sparking curiosity about the connection between HR practices and spirituality.Practical implicationsFrom a practical viewpoint, the study offers actionable insights for authorities to improve workplace spirituality by supporting colleagues and emphasizing growth strategies. It outlines clear steps for organizations to create more spiritually enriching work environments.Social implicationsSocially, the study advocates for healthier work cultures that impact society's perspective on work–life balance and employee well-being. It promotes positive work environments that benefit both individuals and society.Originality/valueThis paper's originality lies in its focus on how HRTD contributes to workplace spirituality in higher education. It emphasizes supporting colleagues, fostering growth and utilizing e-learning, offering unique insights into spirituality at work. The methodology, using structured questionnaires and statistical analysis among faculty, provides a distinct approach to studying this area.

What is the role of out of programme clinical fellowships in the era of Shape of Training? A single-centre cohort study

BackgroundThe updated Shape of Training curriculum has shortened the duration of specialty training. We present the potential role of out of programme clinical fellowships.MethodAn electronic online survey was sent to...

How Education Shapes Ethics in Network Marketing: The Role of Identity and Training

Network marketing’s growth is plagued by ethical concerns, emphasizing the importance of implementing training programs that prioritize integrity. This study aims to analyze how different forms of network marketing training play a role in shaping the marketing ethics of trainees with different identities. It examines how network marketing training shapes ethical proneness of the trainees. Differences in trainee identity (college students vs. incumbent marketers) and training form (college course vs. online training) are also explored. Structural equation model (SEM) is established amongst adaptability, class cooperation, motivation, self-efficacy, and ethical proneness. Through textual analysis, questionnaires, and sim-structural interview, this research conducts three studies to empirically analyze the relationship between factors of marketing training and ethical proneness. It explores the influencing mechanisms of network marketing training on marketing ethics. The relationship between network marketing training and ethical propensity is partially confirmed. The shaping mechanism of marketing ethics is different under different trainee identities and training forms. Positive learning motivation and self-efficacy do not constantly improve trainees’ marketing ethics. Informal online training plays a more significant role in shaping market ethics than college courses in network marketing. Lastly, college students are less likely to have their marketing ethics shaped by training than in-job marketers.

Beyond performance, competence, and recognition: forging a science researcher identity in the context of research training

BackgroundStudying science identity has been useful for understanding students’ continuation in science-related education and career paths. Yet knowledge and theory related to science identity among students on the path to becoming a professional science researcher, such as students engaged in research at the undergraduate, postbaccalaureate, and graduate level, is still developing. It is not yet clear from existing science identity theory how particular science contexts, such as research training experiences, influence students’ science identities. Here we leverage existing science identity and professional identity theories to investigate how research training shapes science identity. We conducted a qualitative investigation of 30 early career researchers—undergraduates, postbaccalaureates, and doctoral students in a variety of natural science fields—to characterize how they recognized themselves as science researchers.ResultsEarly career researchers (ECRs) recognized themselves as either science students or science researchers, which they distinguished from being a career researcher. ECRs made judgments, which we refer to as “science identity assessments”, in the context of interconnected work-learning and identity-learning cycles. Work-learning cycles referred to ECRs’ conceptions of the work they did in their research training experience. ECRs weighed the extent to which they perceived the work they did in their research training to show authenticity, offer room for autonomy, and afford opportunities for epistemic involvement. Identity-learning cycles encompassed ECRs’ conceptions of science researchers. ECRs considered the roles they fill in their research training experiences and if these roles aligned with their perceptions of the tasks and traits of perceived researchers. ECRs’ identity-learning cycles were further shaped by recognition from others. ECRs spoke of how recognition from others embedded within their research training experiences and from others removed from their research training experiences influenced how they see themselves as science researchers.ConclusionsWe synthesized our findings to form a revised conceptual model of science researcher identity, which offers enhanced theoretical precision to study science identity in the future. We hypothesize relationships among constructs related to science identity and professional identity development that can be tested in further research. Our results also offer practical implications to foster the science researcher identity of ECRs.

基于功能对等的ChatGPT辅助文学翻译练习与风格塑造评估

基于功能对等的ChatGPT辅助文学翻译练习与风格塑造评估

A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF THE EVERYDAY MEMORY AND METACOGNITIVE INTERVENTION IN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract This study evaluated an intervention to improve remembering in everyday life, the Everyday Memory and Metacognitive Intervention (EMMI). EMMI uses strategies designed to enhance everyday remembering and self-regulatory approaches to monitor goal pursuit, anticipate, and address memory demands. A randomized controlled trial compared a group assigned to EMMI with a traditional memory strategy training control (MSC) group. Expanding on earlier work (Pearman et al., 2020) we created a new event-based ecological momentary assessment (EB-EMA) smartphone application for reporting everyday memory errors when they occurred, synched to a nightly diary for collecting additional information about each event. The pretest-posttest design assessed changes in subjective memory beliefs and episodic memory performance and also measured posttest-only performance measures, including EB-EMA frequency of memory errors and a laboratory contact task assessing everyday prospective memory. The protocol was reduced in scope to accommodate fully remote participation due to the pandemic. The final sample included 30 EMMI and 32 MSC participants. Memory strategy training differentially improved MSC associative memory test performance. There were no group differences in EB-EMA reported memory errors or successful prospective memory contacts. The EMMI group showed more improvement in memory self-efficacy than the MSC group; both groups showed increases in perceived control over everyday memory. Individual differences in EMMI intervention benefits suggest that the program worked well in reducing memory errors for some but not all older adults. The EMMI shows promise but may require more extensive in-person training and behavioral shaping than this study provided to improve everyday memory.

Cognitive and Emotional Disorders during Multiple Sclerosis – Exogenous and Endogenous Conditions, Contemporary Methods of Treatment and Prevention

Multiple sclerosis (SM) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The disease affects patients of all ages, with a higher incidence in women. The etiopathogenesis of SM is not fully understood — it is believed that autoreactive lymphocytes play a key role in the development of the disease, although genetic predisposition and environmental factors also play a role. Diagnosis is based on the McDonald criteria, and the disease has different clinical presentations. Treatment is based on immunomodulation, aims to control the disease, and prevent recurrence. Frequent symptoms of the disease are motor, sensory, and cognitive disorders. Cognitive impairment, which is common in multiple sclerosis patients, has numerous consequences in everyday life (mental, social, economic) that significantly reduce the quality of life. Psycho-cognitive dysfunction, which can occur at any stage of the disease, is associated with changes in the central nervous system. Prevention of these disorders includes the early application of treatment methods that modify the natural course of the disease and the implication of pro-health behaviors, such as quitting smoking, proper diet and physical exercise. Pharmacological treatment shows limited effectiveness. Rehabilitation involving the use of compensatory strategies, remedial methods aimed at brain neuroplasticity and cognitive training shaping new functional networks of the brain is important. The aim of this work is to present the problem of cognitive and emotional disorders in the course of multiple sclerosis, with particular emphasis on endo- and exogenous conditions, together with modern methods of their treatment and prevention. (JNNN 2023;12(3):140–146)

From Harleen Quinzel to Harley Quinn: science, symmetry and transformation

ABSTRACT Harley Quinn has become an important and popular character in the DC Universe, especially for representations of women scientists in comics and the associated cinematic and TV adaptations. Understandably, much of the analysis of this character has tended to focus on her relationship with the Joker and the gender-based dimensions of this dynamic. However, to distill her identity to these dimensions would be unnecessarily, even unfairly, reductionist, and would narrow our understandings of a rich and complex character. By focussing on her identity as a scientist, this article offers a different analytical lens through which to understand Harley Quinn. Drawing primarily from Stjepan Šejić’s Harleen (2020), with supporting insights from appearances in other DC comics, we examine the ways in which her scientific training and aspirations shape her transformation from Harleen Quinzel to Harley Quinn. Specifically, we demonstrate how symmetry, as an orienting concept, is useful for analysing how scientific logics and practices inform and enable this transformation. In doing so, we hope to both enrich understandings of Harley Quinn and foreground science as a potentially useful broader lens through which to understand other significant themes and characters in the DC Universe.

Robust optimisation of the streamlined shape of a high-speed train in crosswind conditions

Traditional deterministic aerodynamic optimisation cannot consider environmental uncertainty, which may lead to sensitivity issues. The present study proposes a robust design framework for the aerodynamic optimisation of high-speed trains, which accounts for the uncertain wind and its impact on crosswind stability. In this framework, a variance analysis method based on the Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos is proposed to determine the deformation area, and a parametric model is subsequently established. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is used as the optimiser to minimise the mean and variance of the aerodynamic response. The mean and variance can be quickly predicted by an uncertainty analysis approach combining Monte Carlo simulation and Kriging model. The framework is then applied to the optimisation of a high-speed train under crosswind. The results of the robust optimisation are compared with those of the baseline geometry and deterministic optimisation. The mean and variance of the rolling moment under crosswind are reduced by 2.26% and 3.37% respectively after optimisation, indicating that the performance and robustness are both improved. The proposed framework is effective for the engineering design of high-speed trains and can also provide a reference for the robust design of other aerodynamic shapes.

Exercise training shapes intracellular hydrogen peroxide gradients in skeletal muscle

Exercise training shapes intracellular hydrogen peroxide gradients in skeletal muscle

Non-wearable pulse rate measurement system using laser Doppler flowmetry with algorithm to eliminate body motion artifacts for masked palm civet (Parguma larvata) during husbandry training

Husbandry training (HT) shapes specific actions of animals to facilitate healthcare or animal research. The challenge of HT is that learning the specific actions requires zoo-keepers to grasp the stress states of animals. Here we suggest a non-wearable pulse rate measurement system to help zoo-keepers. The pulse rate indicates the stress state. By using laser Doppler flowmetry with an algorithm to eliminate body motion artifacts, it is possible to measure pulse rates. In the algorithm, the cutoff frequency is an important parameter. This paper reports the relationship between the cutoff frequency and the blood flow signal. We applied 100 Hz, 12 kHz and 15 kHz cutoff frequencies and compared blood flow signals. The results indicated that the appropriate cutoff frequency can vary depending on the magnitude of body motion artifacts. When there are few body motion artifacts, a low cutoff frequency is suitable. Otherwise, a high cutoff frequency is preferred.

Impact of Training Data, Ground Truth and Shape Variability in the Deep Learning-Based Semantic Segmentation of HeLa Cells Observed with Electron Microscopy.

This paper investigates the impact of the amount of training data and the shape variability on the segmentation provided by the deep learning architecture U-Net. Further, the correctness of ground truth (GT) was also evaluated. The input data consisted of a three-dimensional set of images of HeLa cells observed with an electron microscope with dimensions 8192×8192×517. From there, a smaller region of interest (ROI) of 2000×2000×300 was cropped and manually delineated to obtain the ground truth necessary for a quantitative evaluation. A qualitative evaluation was performed on the 8192×8192 slices due to the lack of ground truth. Pairs of patches of data and labels for the classes nucleus, nuclear envelope, cell and background were generated to train U-Net architectures from scratch. Several training strategies were followed, and the results were compared against a traditional image processing algorithm. The correctness of GT, that is, the inclusion of one or more nuclei within the region of interest was also evaluated. The impact of the extent of training data was evaluated by comparing results from 36,000 pairs of data and label patches extracted from the odd slices in the central region, to 135,000 patches obtained from every other slice in the set. Then, 135,000 patches from several cells from the 8192×8192 slices were generated automatically using the image processing algorithm. Finally, the two sets of 135,000 pairs were combined to train once more with 270,000 pairs. As would be expected, the accuracy and Jaccard similarity index improved as the number of pairs increased for the ROI. This was also observed qualitatively for the 8192×8192 slices. When the 8192×8192 slices were segmented with U-Nets trained with 135,000 pairs, the architecture trained with automatically generated pairs provided better results than the architecture trained with the pairs from the manually segmented ground truths. This suggests that the pairs that were extracted automatically from many cells provided a better representation of the four classes of the various cells in the 8192×8192 slice than those pairs that were manually segmented from a single cell. Finally, the two sets of 135,000 pairs were combined, and the U-Net trained with these provided the best results.

Pedigree Aerodynamic Shape Design of High-Speed Trains

The aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains is closely related to their head shape. As each train set has its own modelling system, the aerodynamic shape design of head type of a high-speed train must follow a pedigree modelling approach. The train pedigree characteristics directly reflect its aerodynamic performance. The focus of this study is the extraction and application of the Shinkansen train pedigree features. First, large-scale differences in train head shapes are eliminated by dimensionless elimination. Second, the Shinkansen model pedigree features are extracted using similarity calculations. Finally, based on the constraint range of pedigree features on the new model shape, the concept head shape is designed with reference to the shape and surface parameters of high-speed trains, and its aerodynamic performance is verified. The results of the aerodynamic verification indicate that the concept design reduces the drag by more than 10% compared to the E2 Series base model. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the extraction and design application of train pedigree features can help a new train to develop its aerodynamic shape within its own pedigree modelling system, thus enabling the synergistic design of train shape and aerodynamic performance.