Shape Of Spermathecae Research Articles

Morphological variation and abnormalities in two species of Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae)</p >

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bagdasarjani Wainstein & Arutunjan and T. (A.) khosrovensis Arutunjan have been frequently recorded from Iran. While investigating the population dynamics of these two predatory mite species on white mulberry in 2022 and 2023, in Tehran (Iran), our study unveiled intriguing morphological abnormalities and variations. Specifically, variations were observed in the number of dorsal shield solenostomes, insertion of ventrianal setae, shape of spermatheca and length of peritreme. In this context, detailed re-descriptions for both species are presented, accompanied by documentation of the observed abnormalities and variations.

Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)

ABSTRACT The Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) is revised. As the type specimens do not fit the diagnostic characters of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871, especially because of the different palpal bulb morphology in males and the shape of spermathecae in females, H. peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916) was transferred into the newly established genus Urupelma gen. n., which is herein described, diagnosed and illustrated. Eleven new species of Urupelma gen. n. (U. sanctitheresae sp. n., U. sanctimariae sp. n., U. awanqay sp. n., U. ashaninka sp. n., U. atarraz sp. n., U. megantonianum sp. n., U. machiguenga sp. n., U. pampas sp. n., U. johannae sp. n., U. veronicae sp. n., and U. dianae sp. n.) are herein described, diagnosed and illustrated. The monophyly of Urupelma gen. n. is supported by a molecular phylogenetic analysis focused on the tarantulas with urticating setae of type III and III+IV and based on three genes: the nuclear 18S and 28S, and the mitochondrial COI gene. Apart from the support of the new genus and some existing valid genera, the molecular phylogeny also sheds light on the dynamic evolutionary history behind the adaption to high montane environments in tarantulas.

New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon

We examined external characters and internal anatomy, after dorsal dissection, of 11 species of Oligochaeta from the Peruvian Amazonia Loreto department. Four new species of families Glossoscolecidae and Rhinodrilidae and genera Righiodrilus and Martiodrilus are described here. Righiodrilus omagua, sp. nov., differs from other Righiodrilus by the presence of tubercula pubertatis in segments ½15, 15- ½18, 18; male pores located in intersegment 16/17; large seminal vesicles in segment 12 that extend until segment 24. Martiodrilus (Maipure) yurimaguensis, sp. nov., has a saddle-shaped clitellum in 14-1/4 25 and tubercula pubertatis between segments 1/318 -1/2 25. Martiodrilus (Maipure) tapiai, sp. nov., is differentiated from the others by the position of the tubercula pubertatis in 19-24, and the shape and size of spermathecae, common setae, ornamentation of genital setae and the location of male pores in intersegment 18/19. Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) alegrei sp. nov., differs from other species of the genus by extension of tubercula pubertatis from 21 to 26, the number and shape of spermathecae. It is the only species of the genus that presents a single pair of spermathecae in segment 6. Additional records for the Peruvian Republic and the Amazonian region are also reported for Martiodrilus (Maipure) pano, Periscolex yuya, Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) corethrurus, Rhinodrilus lavellei, Rhinodrilus pahanasii, Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) modiglianii and Ocnerodrilus occidentalis. With these new records, the earthworm fauna of Perú recorded so far increases to 36 species (21 native and 15 exotic), including eight native from Peruvian Amazonia Region. Many more species are still expected to be found.

A new species of Proandricus Plisko, 1992 (Clitellata, Microchaetidae) from a South African grassland

The continued reduction of suitable natural habitats threatens the existence of earthworms. A project that document earthworm species in areas previously open to the public is ongoing in KwaZulu-Natal. The public areas have been less surveyed for earthworms and a recent survey resulted in the collection of a new species of Proandricus Plisko, 1992. The new species is morphologically close to Proandricus warreni (Michaelsen, 1913), and belongs to one of the eight species groups of Proandricus, the P. warreni group. The difference is in the position of clitellum, number and shape of spermathecae and seminal vesicles. The current distribution of Proandricus bongani sp.n. is limited to Drummond area in KwaZulu-Natal and this is generally the case in the warreni group with the exception of P. warreni that has been collected in more than one locality. The known localities of P. warreni species group are mapped. Indigenous species may live in open access spaces provided there is some pockets of suitable habitat remaining for them.

Geotomus granulosus, a peculiar sehirine-like new species of the subfamily Cydninae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Burundi

Geotomus granulosus sp. n. is described from Burundi, and is the third burrower bug species recorded hitherto from this country. This burrower bug resembles species of two Sehirinae genera, i.e. Ochetostethus Fieber, 1860 and Ochetostethomorpha Schumacher, 1913, in its dorsal body habitus. However, all its crucial diagnostic characters (the body chaetotaxy, the shape of evaporatoria and the peritreme, the meso- and metathoracic wings venation, and the shape of spermatheca) demonstrate it represents the genus Geotomus Mulsant et Rey, 1866 (subfamily Cydninae, tribe Geotomini sensu lato).

<p class="Body"><strong>New species of <em>Kuzinellus</em> Wainstein and redescription of <em>Kuzinellus querellus</em> (Ueckermann & Loots) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) with morphological and DNA barcode data</strong></p>

In this paper, a new species of Kuzinellus Wainstein, K. gabonensis sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected in Gabon. This new species is morphologically similar to K. querellus (Ueckermann & Loots), but it can be distinguished mainly by the knobbed tip of the dorsal setae Z4, spermatheca shape and by its possession of more than 15% divergence in the DNA barcode region of COI. Additionally, Kuzinellus querellus is reported for the first time from Kenya and accompanied by a redescription of morphological and DNA barcode data.

A new species of Amblyseius Berlese (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Japan

A new phytoseiid mite species, Amblyseius marunumus sp. n., is described and illustrated based on female and male specimens collected from Gunma, Japan. The new species belongs to the americanus species-group, due to the presence of setae J2 and Z1, and having setae z4 longer than z2. Amblyseius marunumus sp. n. is morphologically close to A. yadongensis Wu, but differs conspicuously in the length of the dorsal idiosomal setae z4, r3, S2, S5 and the shape of spermatheca.

Two new species and three morphospecies of Ficophagus Davies & Bartholomaeus, 2015 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea (Moraceae) in Central America

Aphelenchoidid nematodes were collected from the sycones ofFicussubgenusPharmacosyceafrom Central America. Two new species ofFicophaguswere recovered, and are described herein asF. maximasp. n. andF. yoponensissp. n. fromFicus maximaandF. yoponensis, respectively. They are differentiated from other species of the genus by a combination of morphological characters including having C-shaped females and spiral males, EP opening close to the lips, a short to long post-uterine sac, spicule characters, three pairs of subventral caudal papillae, DNA sequence data, biogeographical range, and host wasp andFicusspecies affiliation. The new species are differentiated from each other by spicule characters, length of the post-uterine sac, spermatheca shape, and female tail shape. In addition, three morphospecies were collected from sycones ofFicus glabrata,F. insipidaandF. tonduzii, respectively. Their morphological descriptions are presented but these taxa are not formally named as they currently lack molecular data.

Bistriopelma, a new genus with two new species from Peru (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)

Bistriopelma gen. nov. from the Andean region in Peru is here described, diagnosed and illustrated, together with two new species Bistriopelma lamasi sp. nov. as a type species and Bistriopelma matuskai sp. nov. This new genus differs from all other theraphosid genera, except the genus Phrixotrichus Simon 1889 (sensu Perafán & Pérez-Miles 2014) and the troglobite species Tmesiphantes hypogeus Bertani, Bichuette & Pedroso 2013, in the presence of two abdominal dorsolateral patches of the type III urticating setae. Bistriopelma gen nov. can be distiguished from Phrixotrichus by the different shape of spermathecae in females, consisting of two separate subparallel seminal receptacles in Bistriopelma gen. nov. but strongly divergent in Phrixotrichus and by the different morphology of male palpal bulb (embolus projecting retrolaterally from tegulum in Bistriopelma gen. nov. against posteriorly in Phrixotrichus); furthermore by the presence of basal spine on prolateral tibial apophysis, the absence of the type IV urticating setae and paired tarsal claws denticulate. Bistriopelma gen. nov. is separated from Tmesiphantes hypogeus by the position of the urticating seta patches (middle of abdomen in Bistriopelma gen. nov. and posterior half in Tmesiphantes hypogeus), the different shape of spermathecae (long separate seminal receptacles with subapical constriction in Bistriopelma gen. nov. and short, subtriangular and widely separated in Tmesiphantes hypogeus) and also in the extension of metatarsal scopulae. Additional comments and a distribution map of all species of this genus are provided.

A New Species ofGeogeniaKinberg, 1867 from the South Coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Oligochaeta, Microchaetidae)

Examining recently collected earthworms from a sugarcane farm in Port Shepstone, South Africa resulted in the discovery of a new species, Geogenia minnehaha sp. n. This species is similar to G. tuberosus (Plisko, 1998) but differs from it by the extended clitellum, the size and position of papillae, and the number and shape of spermathecae. The presence of an indigenous species in a sugarcane field is a new finding in South Africa, where little is known on earthworm communities in agricultural soils.

수입식물에서 검출된 뿌리썩이선충(뿌리썩이선충과: 뿌리썩이선충속)의 진단

We identified the five root-lesion nematode species, Pratylenchus crenatus, P. fallax, P. kumamotoensis, P. panamaensis and P. penetrans from intercepted in quarantine inspection over the past five years. Their diagnostic characters are including number of lip annuli, stylet length, shape of the labial region, presence or absence of males, structure of lateral fields, shape of spermatheca, length of the post-vulval uterine sac and shape of tail and so forth. We described the photos, measurements and morphological characters.

Two Species withinDendroctonus frontalis(Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Evidence from Morphological, Karyological, Molecular, and Crossing Studies

AbstractDendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann is considered one of the most important economic and ecological forest pests in the United States, Mexico, and Central America. Recently, two apparent morphological variants of this species were discovered occurring syntopically in Central America and southern Mexico. Morphotype A beetles lack a series of fine parallel ridges on the episternal area of the prothorax that are present on morphotype B. The goal of the present work was to clarify the taxonomic status of the morphotypes of the D. frontalis species complex. Geometric morphometric analyses of seminal rod and spermatheca shape together with the characterization of 16 attributes of external morphology revealed differences in quantitative and qualitative characters that distinguished adults of the two morphotypes from each other as well as from the closely related species Dendroctonus vitei Wood and Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins. Karyotype analysis of morphotype B revealed a chromosomal formula (5AA + Xyp) distinct from that found in morphotype A previously reported for D. frontalis (7AA + Xyp). In the laboratory, forced intermorphotype crosses produced F1 progeny but at lower frequency than intramorphotype pairings, and dissections of spermatheca revealed a lower frequency of insemination at least one type of heterotypic cross. Phylogenetic analysis of the D. frontalis species complex based on 786 bp of the cytochrome oxidase I gene indicated that morphotypes B and A are two independent groups with 98% nodal support within D. frontalis. These data provide compelling evidence that the two syntopic morphotypes represent two distinct sibling species.

Two new freshwater enchytraeid species (Oligochaeta) from the Italian Alps

Two new species found in high mountain waters of Italy representing the family Enchytraeidae are described. Cernosvitoviella longiducta n. sp. is clearly differentiated from all species in this genus by its exceptionally long sperm duct. Cognettia valeriae n. sp. belongs to a group of species having more than three pairs of pharyngeal glands and male pores situated in segment X, but differs from other species in this group by the shape of spermathecae and the well‐developed seminal vesicles.

A phylogenetic framework for root lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus (Nematoda): Evidence from 18S and D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S ribosomal RNA genes and morphological characters

The root lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 are migratory endoparasites of plant roots, considered among the most widespread and important nematode parasites in a variety of crops. We obtained gene sequences from the D2 and D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA partial and 18S rRNA from 31 populations belonging to 11 valid and two unidentified species of root lesion nematodes and five outgroup taxa. These datasets were analyzed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. The alignments were generated using the secondary structure models for these molecules and analyzed with Bayesian inference under the standard models and the complex model, considering helices under the doublet model and loops and bulges under the general time reversible model. The phylogenetic informativeness of morphological characters is tested by reconstruction of their histories on rRNA based trees using parallel parsimony and Bayesian approaches. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of the 28S D2–D3 dataset with 145 accessions for 28 species and 18S dataset with 68 accessions for 15 species confirmed among large numbers of geographical diverse isolates that most classical morphospecies are monophyletic. Phylogenetic analyses revealed at least six distinct major clades of examined Pratylenchus species and these clades are generally congruent with those defined by characters derived from lip patterns, numbers of lip annules, and spermatheca shape. Morphological results suggest the need for sophisticated character discovery and analysis for morphology based phylogenetics in nematodes.

New species of Brodskius, Rythabis, and Omorius (Crustacea: Calanoida) from deep Antarctic waters

Three new species of rare benthopelagic clausocalanoidean genera with sensory setae on the maxilla are described from female specimens collected during the German Antarctic expeditions ANDEEP I–III in 2002 and 2005, mainly from abyssal depths close to the sea bed. Brodskius abyssalis sp. nov. differs from congeners by the lack of rostral filaments, two setae on the second segment of antenna exopod, thread‐like tips of maxillary worm‐like sensory setae, and the length of spines of P5 exopod. Rythabis assymmetrica sp. nov. is distinguished from other species in the genus by asymmetrical posterior corners of the prosome, the shape of spermathecae, and setal numbers on the maxillulary distal basal endite plus endopod. Omorius curvispinus sp. nov. is characterized by strongly curved setae of the maxillipedal syncoxa, a comparatively long seta on the basis of antenna, a slightly swollen genital double‐somite, and the shape of spermathecae. The genera Brodskius, Omorius, and Rythabis are recorded for the first time from the southern hemisphere.

PTOMAPHAGUS INYOENSIS N.SP., A NEW MICROPHTHALMIC MONTANE BEETLE FROM CALIFORNIA (COLEOPTERA; LEIODIDAE; CHOLEVINAE; PTOMAPHAGINI)

AbstractPtomaphagus inyoensis is described from Poleta Cave, Inyo County, California. Its reduced, but present, eyes and reduced flight wings suggest that it is a deep soil species. The spermatheca shape and other characters suggest that it is in a group with Ptomaphagus fisus Horn, a species widespread in animal nests and burrows in the southwest, Ptomaphagus cocytus Peck, a cave-restricted species from the Grand Canyon of Arizona, and Ptomaphagus manzano Peck, a montane litter species from New Mexico. A comparative morphological analysis of the group is presented.

A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF A RANDOM GROUP OF GENES ON SHAPE OF SPERMATHECA IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF A RANDOM GROUP OF GENES ON SHAPE OF SPERMATHECA IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER