Shangri-La County Research Articles

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Endangered Orchid Cypripedium flavum in Fragmented Habitat Using Fluorescent AFLP Markers

Genetic diversity is crucial for determining the evolutionary potential of a species and is essential for developing optimal conservation strategies. The impact of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity of food-deceptive orchids seems to be unpredictable because of their specialized seed and pollen dispersal mechanisms. The habitat of deceptive Cypripedium flavum was severely fragmented during the past half century. This study investigated the genetic diversity and structure of seven fragmented Cypripedium flavum populations in Shangrila County using AFLP markers. A total of 376 alleles were identified, with a range of 70 to 81 alleles per locus. The species exhibited considerable genetic diversity, as evidenced by an average Nei’s gene diversity (H) of 0.339 and a Shannon’s information index (I) of 0.505, with all loci being polymorphic. Based on Molecular Variance (AMOVA), 8.75% of the genetic differentiation was found among populations, while the remaining 91.25% of genetic variation occurred within populations. Population structure analysis revealed that the C. flavum germplasm can be categorized into five distinct groups, among which there was significant gene flow. Despite habitat fragmentation, C. flavum still retained a high level of genetic diversity, and the substantial gene flow (5.0826) is a key factor in maintaining the genetic diversity. These findings offer valuable insights for the conservation and potential use of C. flavum genetic resources.

Procedure Design and Reliability Analysis for Prediction of Surface Subsidence of a Metal Mine Induced by Block Caving Method—A Case Study of Pulang Copper Mine in China

Surface subsidence resulting from block caving mining causes considerable environmental and economic harm in mining areas, highlighting the critical need for accurate predictions of surface subsidence. Given the unique features of the block caving technique and the resemblance between the released ore pillars and the mining processes, this paper developed a lightweight model to forecast surface settlement utilizing the probability integration approach to address the issue of predicting surface settlement in metallic mines. This study focuses on the Pulang Copper Mine, situated in the northeast of Shangri-La County within the Yunnan Province, as a case example. This mine employs the block caving method, which results in substantial surface subsidence. A visual mining simulation program is designed to combine the ore mining plan with the prediction model, manage the ore output of each mining point in batches, treat the ore pillars released in the planning cycle as strip work, and simulate and calculate the surface area above the ore pillars settlement value. The calculated values of surface subsidence induced by ore drawing are then interpreted as the downward displacement of the surface subsidence beneath the strip workings. Furthermore, to verify the reliability of the model, three-dimensional laser point cloud data of the Pulang Copper Mine in recent years were collected, and the differences between the predicted surface and the measured surface were calculated and analyzed.

A revision of the millipede family Paracortinidae (Diplopoda, Callipodida).

The taxonomy of the family Paracortinidae Wang & Zhang, 1993 is revised based on literature, old and recently collected material. A new genus Crassipetalum Akkari & Stoev, gen. nov. is described, to accommodate a new species Crassipetalummagnum Akkari & Stoev, gen. nov. et sp. nov. and a recently described species Crassipetaluminflatum (Chen, Zheng & Jian, 2023), comb. nov. The genus Scotopetalum Shear, 2000 hitherto described for the Vietnamese species S.warreni Shear, 2000 and subsequently synonymised with the genus Paracortina Wang & Zhang, 1993 is here resurrected and supplemented with another species, S.chinensis (Stoev & Geoffroy, 2004), comb. nov., ex Paracortinachinensis Stoev & Geoffroy, 2004. The status of the fourth genus in the family, Angulifemur Zhang, 1997, is reconfirmed. Based on recently collected specimens from China, two new species of the genus Paracortina are described: P.asciformis Akkari & Stoev, sp. nov. (Sichuan Prov., Lixian County) and P.kabaki Akkari & Stoev, sp. nov. (Yunnan, Shangrila County). The Vietnamese species Paracortinamultisegmentata Stoev & Geoffroy, 2004 and Paracortinakyrang Nguyen, Stoev, Nguyen & Vu, 2023 are considered of uncertain taxonomic position within Paracortinidae. Differential diagnoses for the proposed genera as well as for all the species are presented, and descriptions or descriptive notes for all the species are provided, using a standardised terminology, and when possible, accompanied by micrographs of the habitus and gonopod structures. An identification key based on gonopod structures is proposed for all the members of the family. A discussion on species affinities, secondary sexual characters, troglomorphic characters, geographical distribution, and habitat preferences are also provided together with a distribution map for all members of the family.

Parartemiopsisshangrilaensis, a new species of fairy shrimp (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) from Yunnan, with a key to the Chirocephalidae of China.

The fairy shrimp genus Parartemiopsis Rogers, 2005 currently contains a single species reported from Russia and Mongolia. In 2013, an unidentified Parartemiopsis population was reported from the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in China's Yunnan Province, from Patatson National Park in Shangri-La County. Here, we describe the Chinese populations as a new species, Parartemiopsisshangrilaensissp. nov. This new species is distinguished from its congener, P.longicornis (Smirnov, 1930), by the form of the male second antennae and the gonopod. The discovery of P.shangrilaensissp. nov. extends the known distribution of the genus, and more Parartemiopsis species may be found in the future. We present a key to the genera and species of Chirocephalidae in China as an aid to future research.

Diversity and conservation of higher plants in Northwest Yunnan-Southeast Tibet

Located on the southern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Northwest Yunnan-Southeast Tibet (NYST) is a biodiversity hotspot. However, plant diversity in the region faces enormous threats, including forest fragmentation and overexploitation of natural resources. Here, we updated the catalogue of higher plants in NYST by integrating various data sources and referring to the newest results of molecular systematics and taxonomy. Combining phylogenetic approaches and a spatial analysis of forest landscape fragmentation, we assessed spatial variations in taxonomic richness and phylogenetic diversity, and identified potential geographic units for conservation gaps. NYST harbours nearly one-third of China's higher plant species, of which ~60% of the species listed as threatened are endemic. Among the genera, the highest number of endemic and threatened species belong to Rhododendron. The largest increase in the number of threatened species was observed in the Orchidaceae over the last 15 years. Seed plant taxonomic richness and phylogenetic diversity were significantly positively correlated at both the species and genus levels. Counties with large mountains are hotspots of phylogenetic diversity as well as total, endemic, and threatened species richness. The pattern of diversity of higher plants in the study area is likely related to the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau uplift. The western part of Yulong County and the central to southern parts of Shangri-La County are conservation gaps in this area. In-depth local field surveys of plant diversity are needed, especially in those counties where there is large disparity between the number of species present and collected specimens (e.g., Yulong County). This study provides data and a theoretical basis for the study and conservation of NYST plant diversity.

Emergy-based valuation for agricultural ecosystem in Shangri-La County, tourism region in Yunnan Province, China

This paper quantitatively analyzes the input–output of energy values, environmental carrying capacity and the effect of ecosystem operation for the agricultural ecosystem in Shangri-La County, which is one of the tourism regions in Yunnan province. The aim of this paper is to better understand the utilization of solar energy resources and the sustainable development of agriculture. The results showed that the emergy yield rate in the area of study was 342.66, the emergy investment rate was 0.01, and the emergy density was 3.49 × 1011 sej/m2. The emergy input per capita was 2.32 × 1016 sej/pp, and the emergy yield per capita was 8.42 × 1016 sej/pp. This work revealed that the environment contribution rate was 98.97%, the renewable resource input rate was 97.34%, the non-renewable natural resource input rate was 1.63%, and the non-renewable industrial resource input rate was 1.03%. Besides, the study also showed that the environmental capacity was 0.027, and the environmental sustainability index was 12,691.11. The results affirmed that the agricultural economic development was relatively backward, and the sustainable development ability was weak. To advance the agricultural economy and strengthen the sustainable development ability of agriculture, it is necessary for the Shangri-La County authority to pay more attention to increasing the high-grade ability energy, adjustment of the emergy investment structure and agricultural development mode transformation.

Demography of the giant monocarpic herb Rheum nobile in the Himalayas and the effect of disturbances by grazing.

Perennity of giant rosette species in combination with a single 'big bang' reproduction followed by death of the genetic individual is relatively rare among plants. Such long-lived monocarpic plants are usually slow growing and can be found in deserts, bogs or in alpine regions of the tropics or sub-tropics. Due to their longevity, monocarpic perennials risk losing everything before reproduction, which make them particularly susceptible to disturbances. Because of the inherent difficulties in assessing whether long-lived populations are growing or declining, usually neither their demography nor the consequences of increasing grazing pressure are known. We used integral projection modelling (IPM) to measure the growth rate and passage time to flowering of Rheum nobile, a monocarpic perennial, and one of the most striking alpine plants from the high Himalayas. Rosettes which were no longer found due to disturbances or grazing by yaks were either treated as missing or as dead in two series of analysis, thereby simulating demography with and without the impact of grazing cattle. Data were collected from plants at 4500 m a.s.l. in Shangri-la County, Yunnan Province, south-west China. In four consecutive years (2011-2014) and in two populations, 372 and 369 individuals were measured, respectively, and size-dependent growth, survival and fecundity parameters were estimated. In addition, germination percentage, seedling survival and establishment probability were assessed. The probability of survival, flowering and fecundity were strongly size dependent. Time to reach flowering size was 33.5 years [95 % confidence interval (CI) 21.9-43.3, stochastic estimate from pooled transitions and populations]. The stochastic population growth rate (λs) of Rheum nobile was 1.013 (95 % CI 1.010-1.017). When disturbance by grazing cattle (yaks) was accounted for in the model, λs dropped to values <1 (0.940, 95 % CI 0.938-0.943). We conclude that natural populations of this unique species are viable, but that conservation efforts should be made to minimize disturbances by grazing and to protect this slow-growing flagship plant from the high Himalayas.

An Antiviral Peptide from Alopecosa nagpag Spider Targets NS2B-NS3 Protease of Flaviviruses.

Flaviviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses predominantly transmitted by the widely distributed Aedes mosquitoes in nature. As important human pathogens, the geographic reach of Flaviviruses and their threats to public health are increasing, but there is currently no approved specific drug for treatment. In recent years, the development of peptide antivirals has gained much attention. Natural host defense peptides which uniquely evolved to protect the hosts have been shown to have antiviral properties. In this study, we firstly collected the venom of the Alopecosa nagpag spider from Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province. A defense peptide named Av-LCTX-An1a (Antiviral-Lycotoxin-An1a) was identified from the spider venom, and its anti-dengue serotype-2 virus (DENV2) activity was verified in vitro. Moreover, a real-time fluorescence-based protease inhibition assay showed that An1a functions as a DENV2 NS2B–NS3 protease inhibitor. Furthermore, we also found that An1a restricts zika virus (ZIKV) infection by inhibiting the ZIKV NS2B–NS3 protease. Together, our findings not only demonstrate that An1a might be a candidate for anti-flavivirus drug but also indicate that spider venom is a potential resource library rich in antiviral precursor molecules.

基于PLFA的高山栎和高山松林松茸菌塘土壤微生物群落特征研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于PLFA的高山栎和高山松林松茸菌塘土壤微生物群落特征研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201701200169 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院昆明植物研究所,中国科学院昆明植物研究所,中国科学院昆明植物研究所,中国科学院昆明植物研究所,中国科学院昆明植物研究所,中国科学院昆明植物研究所,中国科学院昆明植物研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31370513）；中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养引进计划 Comparison of soil microbial community composition and structure in Tricholoma matsutake shiro and non-shiro soils in Quercus semecarpifolia and Pinus densata forests Author: Affiliation: Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:通过磷脂脂肪酸（Phospholipid fatty acid，PLFA）生物标记法对云南省香格里拉县的高山栎林和高山松林内的松茸菌塘和非菌塘的土壤微生物群落进行对比分析，结果显示：1）菌塘内的优势菌群主要包括真菌（18：2ω6，9c、18：1ω9c、18：3 w6c（6，9，12））、革兰氏阴性菌（19：0 cyclo w8c）、革兰氏阳性菌（15：0 iso）和未被鉴定的PLFAs（16：0、17：1 anteiso B、18：1 w6c、16：1 w6c和18：0）；2）从群落组成上看，菌塘内的真菌百分含量、真菌/细菌生物量比（F/B）显著高于非菌塘，而革兰氏阴性菌（GNB）和革兰氏阳性菌（GPB）的百分含量，以及总PLFAs均匀度（J）均低于非菌塘；3）从群落结构上看，土壤微生物群落在菌塘和非菌塘间、以及不同林型间均存在显著差异，且菌塘对群落结构的影响大于林型；4）无论是在群落组成还是群落结构上，林型均不与菌塘存在交互作用，即松茸菌塘的土壤微生物群落特征不随宿主森林类型而发生改变；5）土壤化学性质与林型密切相关，但与菌塘关系不明显。上述结果表明，菌塘内的土壤微生物群落组成和结构与非菌塘有所不同，且在两种林型中表现相似。 Abstract:The composition and structure of the soil microbial community is a key determinant of the growth and development of the prized edible mycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake and its shiro. However, little is known about any differences in the composition and structure of soil microbial communities between shiro and non-shiro soils, and whether these differences vary among different host forest types. In this study, we used phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to compare the soil microbial communities of shiro and non-shiro soils in two forests dominated by Quercus semecarpifolia and Pinus densata in Shangri-La County in northwest Yunnan, China. We found that:1) fungi (18:2ω6,9c, 18:1ω9c, 18:3 w6c (6,9,12)), gram-negative bacteria (19:0 cyclo w8c), gram-positive bacteria (15:0 iso), and non-specific PLFAs (16:0, 17:1 anteiso B, 18:1 w6c, 16:1 w6c, 18:0) were the dominant microbial groups in shiro; 2) the percentage of fungi and the biomass ratio of fungi to bacteria (F/B) were significantly higher in shiro than in non-shiro soils, but the percentages of gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, and the evenness (J) of total PLFAs were lower in shiro than in non-shiro soils; 3) soil microbial community structure differed significantly between shiro and non-shiro soils and between the two forest types, and the difference between shiro and non-shiro soils was greater than the difference between the two forest types; 4) there was no interaction between shiro and forest type, which indicates that shiro microbial community characteristics did not differ between host forest types; 5) soil chemical properties differed significantly between the two forest types; however, no obvious difference was found between shiro and non-shiro soils. Our findings revealed differences in the composition and structure of shiro and non-shiro soil microbial communities, and that these differences were consistent across both Quercus semecarpifolia and Pinus densata forests. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Ore genesis of Badi copper deposit, northwest Yunnan Province, China: evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, and sulfur, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes

The Badi copper deposit is located in Shangjiang town, Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province. Tectonically, it belongs to the Sanjiang Block. Vapor–liquid two-phase fluid inclusions, CO2-bearing fluid inclusions, and daughter-bearing inclusions were identified in sulfide-rich quartz veins. Microthermometric and Raman spectroscopy studies revealed their types of ore-forming fluids: (1) low-temperature, low-salinity fluid; (2) medium-temperature, low salinity CO2-bearing; and (3) high-temperature, Fe-rich, high sulfur fugacity. The δ18O values of chalcopyrite-bearing quartz ranged from 4.96‰ to 5.86‰, with an average of 5.40‰. The δD values of ore-forming fluid in equilibrium with the sulfide-bearing quartz were from − 87‰ to − 107‰, with an average of − 97.86‰. These isotopic features indicate that the ore-forming fluid is a mixing fluid between magmatic fluid and meteoric water. The δ34S values of chalcopyrite ranged from 13.3‰ to 15.5‰, with an average of 14.3‰. Sulfur isotope values suggest that the sulfur in the deposit most likely derived from seawater. Various fluid inclusions coexisted in the samples; similar homogenization temperature to different phases suggests that the Badi fluid inclusions might have been captured under a boiling system. Fluid boiling caused by fault activity could be the main reason for the mineral precipitation in the Badi deposit.

Estimation of Soil Corrosion in Shangri-La County Based on GIS

Soil disintegration is one of the genuine cataclysmic events in China. Soil disintegration control is the principle substance of the extensive administration of the stream bowl. Soil disintegration in moist district is fundamentally brought about by pressure driven disintegration. In this paper, Shangri La County is taken as a review region; the 2014 Shangri La County soil disintegration sum is figured by altered soil misfortune condition (RUSLE). The arrangement of soil disintegration power of Shangri La County is investigated by different variables influencing soil disintegration circumstance.

The Irreducible Ethics in Reflexivity: Rethinking Reflexivity in Conducting Ethnography in Shangri-La, Southwest China

Because this research started in Shangri-La County in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Southwest China, I have had different people in different occasions ask me similar questions: Are you a Han or a Tibetan? Why do you want to do research in Shangri-La? These are indeed common questions to start with if one is studying a place and people that are different from one's own "origins." However, if we take such questions seriously and look deeper, we can see that they are not only posed on the condition of knowledge or assumptions, but also posed as a concern and sometimes curiosity on how the researcher may reflect upon her research as a political action and deal with relations with other people, especially in a situation that research seems to be institutionalized and the researcher appears to have more influence and power. In this article, I attempt to look into the contents and contexts of the recent "reflexive calls" in tourism studies and social research in general. Through critically questioning what "reflexivity" is and what context it has been applied, I argue that both the researcher and the researched subjects are a mixture of "selves," and they both go through the process of interpreting information and thus always attempt to negotiate with their surroundings. Therefore, I argue that we must rethink the current normalized ideas of "reflexivity" in social research, to examine/self-examine the researcher's intention or actual capacity to practice "reflexivity." Hence, the ethical way for me to follow in this research is to not claim myself being "reflexive," rather to act on it.

Chemical and Genetic Study of two Ligularia Hybrids in Shangrila County, Yunnan Province, China

The composition of root chemicals was examined for samples of L. cyathiceps x L. duciformis, L. duciformis x L. yunnanensis, and L. yunnanensis. Various furanoeremophilanes were isolated from a sample of L. cyathiceps x L. duciformis and found to be very similar to those isolated from L. cyathiceps. Lupeol and docosyl ferulate were isolated from L. yunnanensis, L. duciformis, and L. duciformis x L. yunnanensis.

Calamagrostis nyingchiensis, a new combination for Deyeuxia nyingchiensis (Poaceae: Agrostidinae), and its first record from Yunnan Province, SW China

Abstract Deyeuxia nyingchiensis is here recombined as Calamagrostis nyingchiensis comb. nov. as a result of recent studies of worldwide Agrostidinae. A new record of C. nyingchiensis is reported from Shangri-la (Zhongdian) County in Yunnan Province, SW China. Previously, C. nyingchiensis was noted from eastern Xizang and southern Sichuan, SW China. It is compared with the morphologically similar species C. scabrescens. A map with all known geographic records of C. nyingchiensis is presented.

气候变化对滇西北碧塔海流域景观演变的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 气候变化对滇西北碧塔海流域景观演变的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201407101407 作者: 作者单位: 西南林业大学 环境科学与工程学院 云南 昆明,西南林业大学/国家高原湿地研究中心 云南 昆明,西南林业大学 环境科学与工程学院 云南 昆明,云南省林业科学院 云南 昆明 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 云南省优势特色重点学科(生态学); 国家自然科学基金(U0933601); 云南玉溪森林生态系统定位研究站项目 Landscape evolution characteristics of the Bita Lake watershed over northwestern Yunnan province under the background of climate changes Author: Affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Southwest Forestry University, National Plateau Wetlands Research Center,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Yunnan Academy of Forestry Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:气候变化是景观演变的重要驱动力,高海拔地带生态系统对气候变化的响应较为敏感和迅速。选择地处青藏高原东南缘,受人为干扰相对较小的碧塔海流域为研究对象,利用1958-2011年气象资料以及1955、1974、1981、1994、2005和2011年6个年代的景观类型面积,采用气候倾向率估计、Mann-Kendall突变检验方法和Pearson相关系数等统计方法,研究了香格里拉县气候变化背景下碧塔海流域景观演变特征。结果表明:(1)1958-2011年来,滇西北香格里拉县多年平均气温为5.9℃,多年平均活动积温为2146.1℃,多年平均年极端高温为24.3℃,多年平均年极端低温为-18.6℃,多年平均降水量为631.7mm。气温、活动积温和年极端低温呈显著上升趋势,近54年来气温平均上升了1.94℃,升温速率远高于云南和全国水平。年极端高温和降水量呈增加趋势,但增加不明显。滇西北高原碧塔海流域背景气候呈现显著的变暖趋势。(2)1955-2011年来,碧塔海流域自然景观演变规律为草甸和灌草丛向有林地演变,气温、活动积温和年极端低温升高趋势与有林地景观面积的增加趋势大体一致,与草甸和灌草丛变化趋势相反。(3)气温、活动积温和年极端低温与碧塔海流域草甸、灌草丛和有林地的景观面积变化具有显著的相关性,是流域景观演变的主导气候要素,在草甸和灌草丛演变成有林地的过程中发挥着重要作用。极端高温和降水量对流域景观演变的作用相对较弱。 Abstract:Climate change is one of the major driving forces for landscape evolution. The ecosystem in high altitude area has the most sensitive and fast response to climate change. In this study, we focused on the Bita lake watershed of northwestern Yunnan located in the Shangri-la county and in the southeast margin of Three Rivers Parallel Area over Qinghai-Tibet plateau mountains. The study area with small anthropogenic interference, is the ideal area to identify the coupling relationship between climate change and landscape change. Based on the meteorological data from 1958 to 2011, and the landscape area indices of class level in the years of 1955, 1974, 1981, 1994, 2005, 2011, the characteristics of landscape evolution over the Bita lake watershed under the background of climate change were studied using climate tendency estimation method, Mann-Kendall mutation method and Pearson correlation coefficient method. The results were as follow: (1) The values of mean annual temperature, mean annual active accumulated temperature, mean annual extreme high temperature, mean annual extreme low temperature, average annual precipitation were 5.9℃, 2146.1℃, 24.3℃, -18.6℃ and 631.7mm from 1958 to 2011, respectively. The temperature, active accumulated temperature and annual extreme low temperature increased significantly in the Shangri-La of northwestern Yunnan, while the increases of annual extreme high temperature and precipitation weren't significant. The average temperature was elevated about 1.94 ℃ from 1958 to 2011, and the increasing rate was much higher than that in Yunnan and China. Active accumulated temperature and annual extreme low temperature were shown to be significant warming mutation trend with an increase of 167.1℃ and 3.4℃ after the mutation in the years of 1988 and 1986, respectively. (2) The mechanism of landscape evolution was in a succession from meadow and scrub-grassland to forestland in the Bita lake watershed from1955 to 2011. The rising trends of temperature, active accumulated temperature and annual extreme low temperature were consistent with the increasing trend of forestland landscape area, but were contrary to the decreasing trend of meadow and scrub-grassland landscape area. (3) Significant correlation was found between temperature, active accumulated temperature, annual extreme low temperature and natural landscape area of meadow, scrub-grassland and forestland from 1955 to 2011. When temperature,active accumulated temperature and annual extreme low temperature were increased quickly, the area of meadow and scrub-grassland was decreased, whereas the area of forestland was increased. Temperature, active accumulated temperature and annual extreme low temperature were the main driving factors of landscape evolution over the Bita lake watershed of northwestern Yunnan, while the ecological effects of annual extreme high temperature and precipitation on landscape evolution were relatively lesser. Climate warming was conducive to the growth of the watershed dominant tree, which played an important role in formation of a succession from meadow and irrigation grass to forestland in Bita lake watershed. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Sustainable management and protection of ecosystems in Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province, China: Introduction

Ecosystems provide both goods and services that are necessary components of humans’ daily life and socio-economic development. Associated with rapid urbanization processes and tourism development in Shangri-La County over recent years, human activities have put a huge pressure on ecosystem conservation and management. In this special issue, we use the case of Shangri-La County to trace the evolution processes of various ecosystems, understand the relationship between natural resources utilization and environmental protection and pursue the goal of the sustainability of ecological services. The articles published in this special issue support a general conclusion that urban development and human activities are key factors that threaten ecosystem conservation and sustainable development in Shangri-La County. Relevant policies and measures concerning ecosystem conservation and ecotourism management are discussed in this special issue.

Chemical and genetic studies on hybrid of Ligularia subspicata and Ligularia cyathiceps collected in Yunnan Province of China.

Two morphologically ambiguous Ligularia samples (samples A and B), and samples with morphology of Ligularia subspicata (sample C), Ligularia lamarum (sample D), or Ligularia cyathiceps (sample E), were collected at Tianchi Pond, Shangrila County, Yunnan Province, China. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) in the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster indicated that not only sample B but also sample D was a hybrid of L. cyathiceps and L. lamarum/L. subspicata. Although the morphology of sample A suggested that it was also a hybrid, the ITS sequence of sample A was that of L. cyathiceps. Twenty compounds were isolated from the five samples, and the structures of two new compounds 7 and 14 were determined. Furanoeremophilanes typical of L. lamarum/L. subspicata were detected not only in samples C and D, but also in samples A and B. These results indicate that the ability to produce root chemicals can spread through introgression.

Design of an EIoT system for nature reserves: a case study in Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province, China

The technology of Environmental Internet of Things (EIoT) has various advantages over conventional field data collection methods for better understanding of how nature reserves are protected and managed. This is mainly because EIoT systems can help collect a vast amount of real-time data, from which rich and dynamic information can be obtained for comprehensive analysis of spatial pattern and processes of key elements of nature resources, facilitating the sustainable management of nature reserves. However, there are practical considerations in the installation and maintenance of EIoT systems because of harsh environment and remote locations of many nature reserves. We did a preliminary EIoT experiment in Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province, China, based on which we proposed a technically simple solution for researchers to custom suitable EIoT instruments in nature reserves. We also put forward a few methods to calculate key parameters of power supply units and system availability. This EIoT system is configured for applications in nature reserves similar to that in Shangri-La County though further tests are necessary.

Regional-scale analysis on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in sustainable development of Shangri-La County

Shangri-La County is one of the three counties in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (DTAP), Yunnan Province, China, where rich natural resources intersect with tremendous ethnic, cultural, religious, and lingual diversities. Its sustainable development depends on the sustainability of the entire DTAP. Therefore, it is important to analyze the factors that influence DTAP’s sustainable development. In this paper, we evaluated the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in the sustainable development of DTAP. The results show that economic development of Shangri-La County is determined mainly with comprehensive development of tourism, and beautiful natural scenery and rich ethnic cultures are the critical drivers of tourism development in the county. Vigorously, development that integrates tourism and combines with concerns over sustainability and conservation of ethnic cultures is the best approach to sustainable development of Shangri-La County. To assure the success of this approach, we proposed a number of strategic measures, such as promoting the development of ecotourism and protection of ethnic culture.

Perceptions and attitudes of local residents on a nature reserve: a case study in Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve

People living within and around nature reserves are highly dependent on the natural resources so that understanding the perceptions and attitudes of local residents, especially the people who live in the core area, is essential for conserving biodiversity. Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve (BNNR), adjacent to Shangri-La County, plays an important role in its regional ecological protection, and it attracts more and more tourists as a regional eco-tourist destination. Thus, the study on BNNR can be used as a starting point to improve its regional development. In this study, the perceptions and attitudes of local residents in three adjacent villages, i.e., Sisuogua, Luozhua, and Lamianmian, which are located in a valley at different elevations in the core area of BNNR, were surveyed, and factors influencing the perceptions and attitudes were analyzed based on a total of 36 questionnaires from 36 randomly selected households situated in the core area of the reserve. The results showed that most residents had positive attitudes towards the nature reserve and recognized that its condition was improving due to management activities, and they were supportive of the reserve. The scores of residents’ perceptions and attitudes on the reserve tended to decrease from Sisuogua to Luozhua, to Lamianmian, and there were significant differences between Sisuogua and Lamianmian. Correlation analysis revealed that the major factors influencing residents’ perceptions and attitudes were groups, whether family members worked in the reserve or not, and gender of the interviewees. By exploring differences among the three villages, we found that in addition to family working in the reserve, there were other important factors leading to the different attitudes among three villages. Proximity to the reserve border might also affect residents’ attitudes towards the reserve because convenient traffic might make it easier for local residents to get more job opportunities and have less dependence on the resources of the reserve. The differences among the villages also revealed the local characteristics and the heterogeneity between villages even in the same nature reserves, which should be taken into consideration during management activities. Finally, some management strategies were recommended to improve biodiversity conservation of the nature reserve.