Shanghai Pudong Area Research Articles

Forensic Analysis and Genetic Structure Construction of Chinese Chongming Island Han Based on Y Chromosome STRs and SNPs.

Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) and Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNP) are genetic markers on the male Y chromosome for individual identification, forensic applications, and paternal genetic history analysis. In this study we successfully genotyped 38 Y-STR loci and 24 Y-SNP loci of Pudong Han (n = 689) and Chongming Han (n = 530) in Shanghai. The haplotype diversity of the Y filer platinum genotyping system was the highest in the Han population in the Pudong area of Shanghai (0.99996) and Chongming Island (0.99997). The proportion of unique haplotypes was 97.10% (Pudong) and 98.49% (Chongming), respectively. The multidimensional scaling analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed according to the genetic distance Rst, which was calculated based on the Y-STR gene frequency data. Moreover, we made a comparison on the frequency distribution analysis and principal component analysis of haplogroups in both populations. As a result, Shanghai Pudong Han, Chongming Island Han, and Jiangsu Han were determined to have a strong genetic affinity. The haplogroup distribution characteristics of the Pudong Han and Chongming Han populations were similar to those of the southern Han population. The results of haplotype network analysis showed that Jiangsu Wujiang Han and Jiangsu Changshu Han had more paternal genetic contributions to the formation of Shanghai Pudong Han and Chongming Island Han. Through the joint analysis of SNPs and STRs, this study deeply analyzed the paternal genetic structure of the Pudong Han and Chongming Han populations. The addition of Y-SNP haplogroups to forensic applications can provide information for pedigree investigation.

Incidence of Norovirus-Associated Diarrhea, Shanghai, China, 2012–2013

We conducted sentinel-based surveillance for norovirus in the Pudong area of Shanghai, China, during 2012–2013, by analyzing 5,324 community surveys, 408,024 medical records, and 771 laboratory-confirmed norovirus infections among 3,877 diarrhea cases. Our analysis indicated an outpatient incidence of 1.5/100 person-years and a community incidence of 8.9/100 person-years for norovirus-associated diarrhea.

Wind characteristics near the ground during typhoon Meari

Wind speed and direction data during typhoon Meari were obtained from eight anemometers installed at heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 m on a 40-m tower built in the Pudong area of Shanghai. Wind-turbulence characteristics, including wind-speed profile, turbulence integral scale, power spectra, correlations, and coherences were analyzed. Wind-speed profiles varied with time during the passage of Meari. Measured wind-speed profiles could be expressed well by both a power law and a log law. Turbulence integral scales for u, v, and w components all increased with wind speed. The ratios of the turbulence scales among the turbulence components averaged for all 10-min data were 1׃ 0.69׃0.08 at 10 m, 1׃0.61׃0.09 at 20 m, and 1׃0.65׃0.13 at 40 m. The turbulence integral scales for the u and v components increased with average gust time, but the turbulence integral scale for the w component remained almost constant when the gust duration was greater than 10 min. The decay factor of the coherence function increased slightly with wind speed, with average values for longitudinal and lateral dimensions of 14.3 and 11.3, respectively. The slope rates of the turbulence spectra in the inertial range were less than −5/3 at first, but gradually satisfied the Kolmogorov 5/3 law. The longitudinal wind-power fluctuation spectrum roughly fitted the von Karman spectrum, but slight deviations occurred in the high-frequency band for lateral and vertical wind-power fluctuation spectra.

The changing epidemiology of asthma in Shanghai, China

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of bronchial asthma in Putuo district in Shanghai, China. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based study was performed with random sampling of a district with a population of one million. The subjects were residents of the district and six or more years of age. Questionnaire and spirometry were completed in all subjects. Asthma was defined as physician-diagnosed asthma. The results were compared with the asthma study of 40 000 population completed by the same team in Pudong area of Shanghai in 1997. Results: We surveyed 27 042 participants. The prevalence of asthma was 1.8% (488/27 042), much higher than the 0.41% (163/40 000) found in the 1997 survey in Pudong area of Shanghai. In subjects with asthma, current smoking, obesity, gender distribution and the combination of allergic diseases between the two studies had no differences. The most prominent causes of asthma exacerbation were cold air, respiratory infection and dust inhalation. Pulmonary function for 428 asthma patients in Putuo survey was analyzed: 228 (53.3%) patients had FEV1%pred lower than 80%. Asthmatics older than 65 years had lower FEV1%pred than other age groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma in urban of Shanghai has increased in recent years. The most important causes of asthma exacerbations were cold air, respiratory infection and dust exposure. The proportion of individuals with decreased percent predicted forced expiratory volume of first second increased with age. Strengthening the prevention and treatment of asthma, especially in children with asthma, may decrease the health burden of asthma in the urban Chinese population.

Automatic detection of main road network in dense urban area using microwave SAR images

A hybrid method of edge detection of radar images and classification of fused infrared and microwave SAR images is developed for automatic detection of the main road network in a dense urban area. Fusion of the infrared and microwave SAR images effectively reduces the noise in the edge detection and also effectively removes possible confusion with non-road objects, i.e. linearly featured rivers in the classification. Possible road candidates are further processed using the morphological thinning algorithm. Road linking and extension are carried out hierarchically according to the characteristics of the main roads as well as their connections. Finally, the main road network is successfully established from the SAR image. The approach is effective and accurate in detecting road segments and linking without complicated mathematic models, e.g. the Snake or Genetic Algorithms. As an example, using the ERS-2 SAR image data, automatic detection of the main road network in Shanghai Pudong area is presented.

Holistic approach to control [automotive industry

GM's Shanghai facility is designed from the ground up with a control system built from scratch. Not every facility has the luxury of designing a production control system from the ground up. The majority of automotive OEMs and suppliers have plants with legacy production and control systems that are upgraded piecemeal. Outmoded controllers running on proprietary networks mean that production control is often carried out in islands of automation rather than adopting a holistic view. So, when presented with the opportunity to build a control system from scratch, GE ensured that the system it implemented at its production facility in the Pudong area of Shanghai was as integrated as the market could offer.

A hybrid algorithm of the BP‐ANN/GA for classification of urban terrain surfaces with fused data of Landsat ETM+ and ERS‐2 SAR

A hybrid algorithm of the back propagation artificial neural network and genetic algorithm (BP‐ANN/GA) was developed to optimize initial weights and to enable fast convergence of the BP‐ANN. This algorithm was applied to the classification of urban terrain surfaces with fused data of Landsat ETM+ and ERS‐2 SAR. An example of the Shanghai Pudong area using both Landsat ETM+ and ERS‐2 SAR image data demonstrates well the classification when applying our fusion algorithm.

Urban Road Network Extraction from Spaceborne SAR Image

A two-step method is developed for the extraction of road network from spaceborne SAR image: road candidates detection and connection. In the road candidates detection, classification of fused infrared and microwave SAR images effectively reduces the noise in the edge detection, and also well removes possible confusion of no-road objects, i.e. linearly-featured rivers in the edge image. Possible road candidates are further processed using the morphological thinning algorithm. Road candidates connection is carried out hierarchically according to road models we established. Finally, the main road network is established from the SAR image successfully. As an example, using the ERS-2 SAR image data, automatic detection of main road network in Shanghai Pudong area is presented.

Japan and the development of Shanghai's Pudong area

(1992). Japan and the development of Shanghai's Pudong area. The Pacific Review: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 241-249.