Shanghai Pudong Airport Research Articles

On-demand airport slot management: tree-structured capacity profile and coadapted fire-break setting and slot allocation

We propose an on-demand airport slot management (ODASM) approach to guide slot fire-break capacity setup and airport slot allocation. The ODASM consists of a tree-structured capacity profile and a coadapted fire-break setting and slot allocation model. The tree-structured capacity profile that is constructed using a decision tree aims to capture various fire-break capacity settings and their corresponding delays. It provides diversified fire-break schemes and delay references in the airport slot allocation process. The coadapted fire-break setting and slot allocation model are able to generate good coadaptation. That is, the fire-breaks are set to adapt to the preferences of airlines' requests to minimise the total displacements, and the airlines' requests are modified to adapt to the fire-breaks to satisfy a predetermined delay level. The approach has been tested at Shanghai Pudong Airport, and the results suggest that the ODASM can generate a moderate level of rescheduling while resulting in the expected delay that does not exceed a given acceptable delay level. It has been demonstrated that the ODASM can offer substantial advantages in contrast to a classic slot allocation method where the capacity are set as the maximum of the declared capacity. Moreover, due to the refined relationship between fire-break configuration and delay, the computation process of slot optimisation only takes a few minutes, which is completely viable for the application. This approach is compatible with the current slot guidelines while showing significant potential to improve the collaboration among stakeholders in slot management.

An Empirical Research on the Characteristics and Improvement Direction of Self-Service Kiosk at Shanghai Pudong Airport

An Empirical Research on the Characteristics and Improvement Direction of Self-Service Kiosk at Shanghai Pudong Airport

Measuring changes of Major Asian airportsʼ air connectivity and suggestions for improvement post COVID-19

This study measures the changes of the transit connectivity of ten major East Asian hub airports for the routes between Southeast Asia and North America from 2004 to 2023. According to the research results, Taiwan Taoyuan Airport has the best flight connection quality on transit routes between Southeast Asia and North America, while Tokyo Narita Airport has a higher number of feasible connecting flights than other airports. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a huge decline in the flight supply at Hong Kong and Chinese airports in North America and Southeast Asia routes. The traffic volume at Beijing Capital and Shanghai Pudong Airport dropped by 50%-80%, and Guangzhou Baiyun Airport has no direct flights to North America after 2022. Due to the impact of the Anti-Extradition Law Bill Movement, flights at Hong Kong Airport have dropped by more than 60%. In 2023, the number of feasible connecting flights at Taoyuan Airport has surpassed that of Hong Kong Airport and is not far from Incheon and Narita Airport. With the recovery of the aviation market post-pandemic, airports with fewer feasible connecting flights can actively resume or develop new routes, and airports with low transfer quality can further shorten the connecting time for transfer flights.

A Comparative Study of Explanatory and Predictive Models in Air Cargo Throughput

Air cargo throughput has played an important role in the contribution of total national commerce volume and regional GDP, by the expansion of the global economy. Previous studies have identified the critical significance of air freight in national or international economic growth. Various models, including linear regression and time-series models, have been applied to analyze and predict the factors influencing air cargo volumes and the trends for future development. However, many models are implemented as a single methodology, but a few studies reviewed and mixed explanatory and predictive models at the same time. Therefore, three mainly used methodologies of MLR (multiple linear regression), PCA (principal component analysis), and ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average model) are chosen for this paper to compare and analyze the air cargo throughput of one Asia’s representative airport, Shanghai Pudong Airport (PVG). The results of the explanatory model shows that GDP, population, oil consumption, and exchange rate are regarded as the four most important variables influencing PVG air cargo volumes. The outcomes of regressive predictive model presents that MLR-PCA has a better performance than MLR, while in ARIMA predictors, the ARIMA (p:12, d:0, q:0) is shown to have a superior predictive fit than the ARIMA (p:1, d:0, q:0). By comparing different methodologies, this paper contributes to the industry’s study of the variables affecting air cargo and the future improvement of air cargo throughput forecasting capabilities.

Dual-polarization Sentinel-1 data polarization time series InSAR technology surface deformation monitoring—Taking shanghai pudong airport as an example

Dual-polarization Sentinel-1 data polarization time series InSAR technology surface deformation monitoring—Taking shanghai pudong airport as an example

Decision theory analysis of airport driver and management based on linear regression analysis

In this paper, we turn the driver decision problem into: the game theory between the revenue generated by the driver after waiting for the waiting in the storage pool and the return to the urban area. When the driver chooses to wait for the yield greater than the return to the urban area, he chooses to wait. On the contrary, we return directly to the urban area. Meanwhile, we collect, analyze and process the information about the taxi in Shanghai Pudong Airport and Shanghai, and calculate the proportion of passengers choosing taxi after arriving at the airport through the Nested Logit model. And multiple linear regression equation model is used to deal with airport passenger throughput, forecast the take-off and landing of flights, speed analysis of taxis and the driving range of taxis under different weather conditions, and ultimately determine the drivers’ different decisions.

Improvement of Short-distance Subsidy Policy for Airport Taxi Based on Cluster Analysis

The income of airport taxis is related to the mileage. Due to the difference in passenger destinations, the mileage is long and short, and the taxi driver cannot pick or refuse to load. Therefore, the difference between short-haul passengers and long-haul passengers is significant. Based on such realistic problems, a relatively reasonable priority policy has been proposed to balance the income of taxi drivers. Under the existing policy based on the short-distance ticket of Shanghai Pudong Airport, combined with the large number of drop-off point data of taxis, the data is pre-processed and then visually analyzed on Bigemap, and then cluster analysis is carried out in matlab environment. The mileage distribution makes a more reasonable division of short-distance long-distance definition and proposes new ideas for solving the problem.

Identifying competitive position for ten Asian aviation hubs

The Asia-Pacific region has become one of the biggest aviation markets in the world, and increasing numbers of airports in this region are keen to develop into aviation hubs. In order to understand the competitive position of the major Asian airports, this research has selected ten primary airports in the Asia-Pacific, and has identified the markets in which they have an advantage by looking into their connectivity levels in terms of both quantity and quality. Specifically, we have examined indicators that include the Quantity of Viable Connections (QVC), Quality of Viable Connections (QCI), the Hub Connectivity Performance Index (HCPI) and the Hub Efficiency Index (HEI) of the selected airports. The results reveal that China's Beijing Capital Airport (PEK) and Shanghai Pudong Airport (PVG) have higher QVC values than the others. They should therefore continue to develop the North America-China routes. Tokyo Narita Airport (NRT) is found to have the largest HEI for markets as a whole, and should continue to develop the North America-Asia Pacific, North America-Southeast Asia and North America-China routes. Taiwan's Taoyuan Airport (TPE) has the highest HEI for the North America-Southeast Asia market, and should therefore increase the frequency of flights in this market in order to attract more transfer passengers. Since Malaysia's Kuala Lumpur Airport (KUL) has the highest HEI and Singapore's Changi Airport (SIN) the highest QVC for the Asia Pacific-Europe market, both airports should continue to concentrate on this market. The analysis presented in this paper could help airport authorities identify their market positions and strengthen their comparative advantages based on the results.

Assessment of Airport Taxi Dispatching Based on Psychological Account Principle Decision Model — A Case Study of Shanghai pudong Airport

In this paper, a decision model based on psychological account principle and a queuing theory model based on (M/ M/1) system are established to solve the problem of providing more reasonable choices for airport taxi drivers. Combined with reverse test method, control variable method and other methods to analyze the problem. Taking Shanghai pudong airport as an example, the error coefficient of critical decision value is calculated to be around 0.13, and the model is reasonable. It is concluded that weather has great influence on decision making and seasonal change has little influence on decision making.

Using Fuzzy Evaluation Decision Model to Assess the Operation Scheme of Taxi in Shanghai Pudong Airport

In order to investigate the decision of the airport taxi driver whether to return to carry passengers, we established a fuzzy evaluation decision model based on the analytic hierarchy process, combined with the application analysis of Shanghai Pudong Airport. Based on the selection and quantification of decision indicators, we used the AHP method to calculate the weights to eliminate indicators and optimize the indicator system. Then, a two-level fuzzy evaluation model was established, and the Bayesian discriminant verification model was more reasonable. Finally, based on the data analysis of Shanghai Pudong Airport, combined with 16 different airport decision-making situations, the model was used to obtain the no-load return trips and the membership of waiting passengers. We compared and selected the larger membership value as the decision. Besides, the dependence of the model was analyzed, and it was found that the main dependent factors for decision-making were the number of flight arrivals and the driver’s arrival time. After solving the above, we provide relevant basis for the decision of airport taxi drivers.

Analyzing commercial aircraft fuel consumption during descent: A case study using an improved K-means clustering algorithm

The analysis of aircraft fuel consumption remains an important topic as fuel consumption constitutes a large portion of airline operational costs, and exhaust emissions generated by aircraft gradually have become an essential aspect of urban air pollution, especially during takeoff and descent. Previous studies have focused mainly on optimizing fuel loss and greenhouse gases emission via three key methods: reducing additional aircraft load, using inventive air transfer control methods, and identifying the best-performing aviation systems for all conditions. However, there are few studies that have considered the relationships among fuel consumption, pilot behavior, and flight factors. This study fills this gap by focusing on the relationships between fuel consumption and three factors during the descent phase: altitude, weight, and speed. Further, we propose an improved K-means clustering algorithm to analyze the flight data, conducting clustering analysis on multi-dimensional data based on real flight records of Boeing 737s operated by China Eastern Airlines. We conclude the highlights of this study into three aspects: (1) the relationship between aircraft descent and fuel consumption is investigated through clustering analysis to find a fuel-efficient aircraft descent. (2) an improved K-means clustering algorithm is proposed to analyze flight data. (3) the better aircraft descent is the suggestion for pilots by analyzing the clustering results, which is a good supplement to the Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM). In the case study, the improved K-means algorithm is used for the cluster analysis of data from the quick access recorders of two aircraft descending into Chengdu Shuangliu Airport (CTU) in China. Compared with the method that does not use the analysis results for the descending, the average fuel consumption per unit of time decreases by 17.5% when we use our proposed method. In the Shanghai Pudong Airport (PVG), our proposed method reduces average fuel consumption per unit of time by 19.3%.

China Launches Its First Passenger Aircraft

C919, the passenger plane developed by China within a national project, was successfully launched at the inauguration of its flight. After a series of long delays, this is only the first step by which China is trying to penetrate the international aviation market. C919, developed and produced by Aircraft Corp. or COMAC in brief, was initially scheduled to be prepared in 2012 with its first flight in 2016. Despite these delays, COMAC will be a serious competitor in the future for the leaders of the Boeing and Airbus civil aviation market, given that C919 will be up to 50% lower than the models produced by American and European competitors. This first model of the airplane, still under test, was taken off from Shanghai Pudong Airport, the event being broadcast live by the media in the Chinese state. The latter declared the success of this project as a reason for national pride, only six other countries in the world have managed to produce a line plane of this size, especially in the context in which just days ago China launched the first the aircraft produced entirely on the domestic market. China's ambition to develop its own civil aviation industry dates back to the 1970s when Mao Zedong's wife, Jiang Qing, supported the personal development of this sector. "A strong country must have its own passenger plane. China's commercial aviation industry cannot depend entirely on imports," said Li Jiaxiang, the head of China's civil aviation authority. Between 150 and 170 passenger seats, C919 will be a competitor for Boeing 737 and Airbus 320. Incorporating a state-of-the-art engine, specialists in the field believe the C919 is comparable as their competitors. The plane is not fully developed in China, the engine, electronics, wheels, brakes and many other components being manufactured mainly in Europe and the United States. Airplane price is announced to be about 500 million dollars, with about 100 million dollars below the price of the catalog of its competitors. Price differences may, however, increase in the case of large orders. Chinese media announced that there are already orders for 570 C919 devices from Chinese aviation companies. It is estimated that the global civil aviation market will total $ 2 trillion in the next 20 years. Boeing estimates that just to cope with the domestic market, Chinese airlines will have to acquire over 6,000 passenger planes of different sizes, the cost of which is close to 1 trillion dollars. The next step for the C919 to enter the global market will be the required certificates from American and European agencies, the FAA and EASA, which regulate the commercial aviation sector. Qatar Airways CEO Akbar Al Baker said shortly afterward that "there is no hesitation in a plane made in China, as long as they are built to a certain standard. There is nothing wrong with buying China-made products, but we are using China-made iPhone designed by someone else but manufactured in China. I think it will be good if this monopoly (Boeing/Airbus) is broken" he added this.

Airport Taxi Situation Awareness with a Macroscopic Distribution Network Analysis

This paper proposes a framework for airport taxi situation awareness to enhance the assessment of aircraft ground movements in complex airport surfaces. Through a macroscopic distribution network (MDN) of arrival and departure taxi processes in a spatial-temporal domain, we establish two sets of taxi situation indices (TSIs) from the perspectives of single aircraft and the whole network. These TSIs are characterized into five categories: aircraft taxi time indices (ATTIs), surface instantaneous flow indices (SIFIs), surface cumulative flow indices (SCFIs), aircraft queue length indices (AQLIs), and slot resource demand indices (SRDIs). The coverage of the TSIs system is discussed in detail based on the departure and arrival reference aircraft. A real-world case study of Shanghai Pudong airport demonstrates significant correlations among some of the proposed TSIs such as the ATTIs, SCFIs and AQLIs. We identify the most crucial influencing factors of the taxi process and propose two new metrics to assess the taxi situation at the aircraft and network levels, by establishing taxi situation assessment models instead of using two systems of multiple TSIs. The findings can provide significant references to decision makers regarding airport ground movements for the purposes of air traffic scheduling and congestion control in complex airports.

A STUDY OF CHINA’S MAJOR DOMESTIC AIRLINES’ SERVICE QUALITY AT SHANGHAI’S HONGQIAO AND PUDONG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

In a highly competitive market, service quality can be the core competitive advantage for airline’s profitability and sustained development. This paper has investigated the differences in the passengers’ expectations and perceptions of the service quality of China’s four major domestic airlines: Air China, China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, and Hainan Airlines in China’s domestic market. The results will assist airline management to improve service quality by reducing the difference. Surveys were conducted with domestic passengers at Shanghai Hongqiao Airport and Shanghai Pudong Airport in China. The results show that there are significant differences of service quality between passengers’ expectations and perceptions among major Chinese airlines. Passengers consistently rate ‘good safety records’ as the first priority of seven SERVQUAL dimensions, but low price remains the most important factor that passengers consider when choosing a Chinese airline. The conclusions reached in this work suggest that Chinese airlines should consider improving service quality rather than providing cheaper air tickets in order to gain competitive advantage.

Lead (Pb) isotopes as a tracer of Pb origin in Yangtze River intertidal zone

In order to investigate the source of Pb within the Yangtze River intertidal zone, studying Pb isotope ratios is a likely approach because the ratios of these Pb isotopes can be used to identify the natural or anthropogenic origin of Pb. In this study, a total of 59 surface sediment samples (< 5 cm) were collected during 2004 and 2005 from 26 sites in the Yangtze River intertidal zone. We measured the total Pb concentrations and Pb isotopes ( 204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb) and found that the total Pb concentrations varied from 18.3 to 44.1 mg kg − 1 with an average concentration of 27.3 mg kg − 1 . The observed Pb isotope ratios, excluding one station near Shanghai Pudong Airport which is significantly influenced by anthropogenic sources, varied from 18.459 to 18.750 for 206Pb/ 204Pb, 15.628 to 15.728 for 207Pb/ 204Pb, and 38.715 to 39.213 for 208Pb/ 204Pb. This study shows that Pb found within the Yangtze River intertidal zone sediments was mainly from the catchment in the Yangtze River watershed. Significant Pb pollution was not discerned in the Yangtze River intertidal zone. However, Pb contamination in some localized areas was suggested by Pb enrichment factor (EF).

Seismic ground motion analysis of Shanghai Pudong Airport site considering the effects of spatial correlation and irregular topography

The terminal No. II of Shanghai Pudong International Airport is located at Pudong District of Shanghai City near shore of East China Sea, and the area of the long-span terminal is 400 m × 200 m. The construction site of the terminal locates on the irregular topography, and its alluvium achieves about 300 m in thickness. The spatial correlation of seismic ground motion, as well as the amplification of soft alluvium and the effect of irregular topography, should be considered. This paper uses a simplified method to obtain the response spectrum of the engineering bedrock under the irregular topography. The spectrum is used to generate the sets of spatially correlative horizontal and vertical seismic motions. The surface ground motion was calculated under incidence of the spatially correlative seismic motion by 2D finite element method (FEM) model considering nonlinear properties of the soil by means of the equivalent linear method. In order to compare the effect of 2D irregular topography, the seismic response analysis of 1D model is carried out by using the equivalent linear method. For indicating the effect of the spatial correlation of input motions, the horizontal uniform inputs, as well as the horizontal and vertical uniform input are carried out for the seismic response analysis of the site. Finally, some characteristics of seismic ground motion calculated for previously mentioned cases are compared.