Shanghai Airport Research Articles

Synchronous shield tunnelling technology combining advancement and segment fabrication: Principle, verification and application

Through the active control of shield thrust system oil pressures, a synchronous shield tunnelling technology combining advancement and segment fabrication was proposed. The key to this technology was to completely exploit the additional stroke of the hydraulic jacks generated by the axial insertion of a key block to assemble the segments. Taking the tunnelling project of the Shanghai Airport Railway Link Line as a demonstration project, this paper uses a large model test platform for this synchronous technology. A single-ring construction process along a straight line was simulated, in which the theoretical external loads were implemented on the shield machine. The feasibility and reliability of this synchronous technology were evaluated considering the accuracy of total thrust force control, maintenance of tunnelling speed and shield postures and segment compression. The effectiveness of the redistribution principle for the missing thrust force due to the withdrawal of cylinders located in the segment fabrication region was discussed. Furthermore, some other interesting phenomena were observed in the practical application in addition to the model test. This technology primarily realizes synchronous assembly by improving the control of the propulsion system of conventional shield machines without any transformation of the shield machine’s primary structure, segment patterns or excavation method. The proposed method has good adaptability and a low construction cost, which will be beneficial for future long-distance tunnelling projects.

Diagnostic accuracy of autoverification and guidance system for COVID-19 RT-PCR results

BackgroundTo date, most countries worldwide have declared that the pandemic of COVID-19 is over, while the WHO has not officially ended the COVID-19 pandemic, and China still insists on the personalized dynamic COVID-free policy. Large-scale nucleic acid testing in Chinese communities and the manual interpretation for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection results pose a huge challenge for labour, quality and turnaround time (TAT) requirements. To solve this specific issue while increase the efficiency and accuracy of interpretation, we created an autoverification and guidance system (AGS) that can automatically interpret and report the COVID-19 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results relaying on computer-based autoverification procedure and then validated its performance in real-world environments. This would be conductive to transmission risk prediction, COVID-19 prevention and control and timely medical treatment for positive patients in the context of the predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (PPPM).MethodsA diagnostic accuracy test was conducted with 380,693 participants from two COVID-19 test sites in China, the Hong Kong Hybribio Medical Laboratory (n = 266,035) and the mobile medical shelter at a Shanghai airport (n = 114,658). These participants underwent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR from March 28 to April 10, 2022. All RT-PCR results were interpreted by laboratorians and by using AGS simultaneously. Considering the manual interpretation as gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of the AGS on the interpretation of RT-PCR results.ResultsAmong the 266,035 samples in Hong Kong, there were 16,356 (6.15%) positive, 231,073 (86.86%) negative, 18,606 (6.99%) indefinite, 231,073 (86.86%, negative) no retest required and 34,962 (13.14%, positive and indefinite) retest required; the 114,658 samples in Shanghai consisted of 76 (0.07%) positive, 109,956 (95.90%) negative, 4626 (4.03%) indefinite, 109,956 (95.90%, negative) no retest required and 4702 (4.10%, positive and indefinite) retest required. Compared to the fashioned manual interpretation, the AGS is a procedure of high accuracy [99.96% (95%CI, 99.95–99.97%) in Hong Kong and 100% (95%CI, 100–100%) in Shanghai] with perfect sensitivity [99.98% (95%CI, 99.97–99.98%) in Hong Kong and 100% (95%CI, 100–100%) in Shanghai], specificity [99.87% (95%CI, 99.82–99.90%) in Hong Kong and 100% (95%CI, 99.92–100%) in Shanghai], PPV [99.98% (95%CI, 99.97–99.99%) in Hong Kong and 100% (95%CI, 99.99–100%) in Shanghai] and NPV [99.85% (95%CI, 99.80–99.88%) in Hong Kong and 100% (95%CI, 99.90–100%) in Shanghai]. The need for manual interpretation of total samples was dramatically reduced from 100% to 13.1% and the interpretation time fell from 53 h to 26 min in Hong Kong; while the manual interpretation of total samples was decreased from 100% to 4.1% and the interpretation time dropped from 20 h to 16 min at Shanghai.ConclusionsThe AGS is a procedure of high accuracy and significantly relieves both labour and time from the challenge of large-scale screening of SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. It should be recommended as a powerful screening, diagnostic and predictive system for SARS-CoV-2 to contribute timely the ending of the COVID-19 pandemic following the concept of PPPM.

Numerical Study on Coupled Operation of Stratified Air Distribution System and Natural Ventilation under Multi-Variable Factors in Large Space Buildings

Stratified air distribution systems are commonly used in large space buildings. The research on the airflow organization of stratified air conditioners is deficient in terms of the analysis of multivariable factors. Moreover, studies on the coupled operation of stratified air conditioners and natural ventilation are few. In this paper, taking a Shanghai Airport Terminal departure hall for the study, air distribution and thermal comfort of the cross-section at a height of 1.6 m are simulated and compared under different working conditions, and the effect of natural ventilation coupling operation is studied. The results show that the air distribution is the most uniform and the thermal comfort is the best (predicted mean vote is 0.428, predicted percentage of dissatisfaction is 15.2%) when the working conditions are 5.9% air supply speed, 11 °C cooling temperature difference and 0° air supply angle. With the coupled operation of natural ventilation, the thermal comfort can be improved from Grade II to Grade I.

제주남단 항공회랑(AKARA-FUKUE Corridor)의 항공안전 개선에 관한 연구

ICAO recommended that airspace monitoring and periodic safety assessments in each Contracting State ensure the stability of the airspace, since reducing the aircraft lateral and vertical separation intervals would rather increase the risk of collision. The target level of safety of the AKARA-FUKUE Corridor at the southern end of Jeju was 247×10^-9. In simple comparison, this means that the risk of an aircraft collision in this area (international safety standards, 5.0×10^-9) is about 50 times higher. The scope of this study is to organize the concept of terms, analyze the air traffic volume, the current status of navigational safety facility usage fees, and investigations of an aircraft collision risk in Jeju southern air corridor. Analyzing government policies and overseas evaluations, revising some of the existing contents, presenting some of the additional contents of new routes, and changing the instrument procedure for Korean-Chinese routes, change of arrive/departure route between Incheon Airport and Shanghai Airport, reduce the risk of aircraft collisions. We hope to restore airspace sovereignty, contribute to policies for the government to take the lead in solving this problem, and expect stability and operational efficiency in air traffic.

Competition and countervailing power: Evidence from the China Eastern and Shanghai Airlines merger

This paper examines the motives and effects behind the horizontal merger between China Eastern and Shanghai Airlines in 2009. We develop testable hypotheses, incorporating into a unified framework the two merging airlines, their domestic and international competitors, and relevant airports along the supply chain. We employ an event study methodology and show that domestic competitors gain whereas international competitors lose. Our results suggest that the sources of gain for the merging firms are market power in domestic markets and efficiency improvement in international markets. Further, as a hub for the merged airline, Shanghai Airport experienced positive abnormal returns. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the merged airline gains countervailing power towards airports. Our event study findings are robust to alternative estimation periods and samples, and are consistent with analyst forecasts and long-run operating performances.

Will the Aviation Industry Have a Bright Future after the COVID-19 Outbreak? Evidence from Chinese Airport Shipping Sector

Due to the lockdown regulations worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, the global aviation industry has been severely hit. This study focuses on the volatility estimation of stock indexes in the Chinese Airport Shipping Set (ASS) at industry-enterprise levels and identifies possible business behavior that may cause fluctuating differences. Depending on the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, text mining method and Word Cloud Views, results show that (1) the holistic volatility of Airport Shipping Set Index (ASSI) increases relative to the pre-COVID period; (2) volatility of airport stocks has crucial differences, while the volatility of shipping stocks is similar; (3) there are different responses to the pandemic between Shenzhen Airport and Shanghai Airport shown in their semiannual financial reports. Compared to the latter, the former had a more positive attitude and took various measures to mitigate risks, providing evidence of the volatility differences between firms.

Investigate Airport Service Quality- A Case Study of Airports in Shanghai

Evaluating service quality is a critical task for airports aiming to identify aspects of airport service that contribute to differences in passenger satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the airport service quality from passengers’ perspectives at two airports (Pudong and Hongqiao Airports) under the management of Shanghai Airport Authority (SAA) in China. Surveys at SAA have found that there are significant differences between passengers’ expectations and actual perceptions of service quality at SAA, which imply that SAA is advised to improve its service quality and reduce passenger dissatisfaction towards components comprising service quality as a whole. The components for which the largest gaps were found between expectation and actual perception were identified as “Shop and restaurant prices”, “Free Wi-Fi access”, “Play areas for children”, “Departure punctuality”, and “Various restaurants providing different kinds of food”. The results reveal that there are significant differences between gender, nationality and main travel purpose groups: women tend to assign significantly higher scores than men; domestic travellers reported high satisfaction than international ones; and passengers travelling for holiday and academic-related purposes reported higher satisfaction than those travelling for business. There is a positive correlation between airport service quality and passengers’ overall satisfaction at SAA. This paper aims to provide useful information for government officials in the identification of potential issues posed to passengers and that should be addressed by airport management.

The Integration of Air and Rail Technologies: Shanghai's Hongqiao Integrated Transport Hub

This paper examines the different approaches to integrating air and rail technologies and their services at the Shanghai Hongqiao Integrated Transport Hub (“the Hongqiao Hub”) in China. Even though the Hongqiao Hub has the advantage of having both an airport and a railway station located at the same place, its level of air-rail integration remains at a low or moderate level. By analyzing existing air and rail services and potential travel demands, this paper recommends further streamlining the relationships among the Shanghai Airport Authority, the Shanghai Railway Bureau, and airline companies by fostering air-rail integration through the improvement of joint ticketing and code-sharing, direct luggage transfer, the provision of the fast and convenient connection from the Hongqiao International Airport to the Pudong International Airport, and air-rail linkage service area expansion.

The Design of Sustainability Assessment Data Warehouse for Shanghai Airport

This article explored the design and implementation problems of Sustainability Assessment Data Warehouse for Shanghai Airport. According to the characteristics of Shanghai airport, the airport data collection platform layer and six theme databases were designed in this paper. This paper also designed the operator assessment models and the user evaluation models, which strong guaranteed and supported the validity of the evaluation of sustainable development at the airport.

Research on Assessing Airport Sustainable Development Ability Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

This paper focuses on assessing airport sustainable development ability. A new concept to evaluate the dynamic work on sustainable development is proposed, which is defined as airport sustainable development capacity as well as the status quo of Shanghai airport. The index system of airport sustainable is given, which includes Operational, Social, Environmental, Resources and energy system. The Airport Sustainable Development Comprehensive Index (ASDCI) is proposed, and investigates the parameter with Particle Swarm Optimization. Found that there was a marked improvement of Shanghai airport sustainable development by empirical analysis, especially the Environmental, Resources and energy. This mode has used in shanghai airport’s sustainable development evaluation system.

Empirical Study of the influence of Urban Major Events on Land Use–with Shanghai Airport Park as an Example

With the impact of “Big HongQiao” event on the land readjustment in Airport Park as an example, the paper counted on the quantitative research of the land use change caused by major events. Considering single dynamic index of changes of land use type and the Hedonic real estate price model, the results were obtained as follows: (1) “Big HongQiao” event, directly, accelerates the transition of research area from industrial to commercial office; (2) the model showed that, due to the change of variables, the floor price was significantly affected by external conditions. Finally, the research conclusion was that the impact of land-use changes as a result of significant events,was mainly demonstrated by the followings: (1) location choice; (2) social gathering; (3) derived system; (4) driving social damping mechanism, and etc.

Air Traffic Forecast Empirical Research Based on the MCMC Method

Airport air traffic is one of the most important and hardest one among all the airport data forecasts. In this paper, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method of applied theory of statistics has been introduced into the aviation sector, and the discussion on airport air traffic forecast has been conducted taking Shanghai airport as the application background. MCMC method is designed to solve the problem parameters expectations where some baysian inference can not be directly calculated. This paper conducts the iterative computation using WinBUGS, EViews is used to estimate the initial iteration parameter of the regression model, and it is on this basis that the regression equation under the MCMC method is obtained.

Application of GIS/GPS in Shanghai Airport Pavement Management System

Shanghai airport pavement management system (SHAPMS) has been developed and updated for the Hongqiao and Pudong international airports that utilize the power of GIS and GPS for data collection, data storage, geospatial analysis of pavement evaluation and optimization of maintenance planning. This paper discusses the function design and the application effort of using GIS and GPS in the system. The practice shows that the pavement inspection time is reduced greatly, the geospatial tools are available for maintenance and rehabilitation, and the reliable data can be provided to solve future problems and optimize pavement maintenance decisions.

Research and Planning of Application Blueprint for Shanghai Airport Business Intelligence System

The strategic goal of Shanghai Airport is to build a perfect domestic and international route network, and construct the air gateway connecting the world with China. Shanghai Airport is speeding up the construction of information systems, and business intelligence is core of the airport decision support system. First, this paper discusses the application blueprint of business intelligence for Shanghai Airport. Second, it analyses and designs the technical architecture of Shanghai Airport business intelligence system. Finally, it explores the application architecture of Shanghai Airport business intelligence system and the key functions of the modules. This paper aims to provide reference and help for the research and planning of related airport projects.

Status Quo and Future Development of Shanghai Air Cargo Industry

Air cargo industry has become a new growth point of Shanghai economy. It also plays an important role in China's air cargo transport. This paper analyzes the air cargo industry status quo and future trends from the aspects of Shanghai airport, cargo facility, air cargo traffic (ACT) and its structure. Then it prospects Shanghai airport and its cargo facility's future development. After that it completes the regression analysis and elastic analysis of air cargo traffic and total foreign trade value (TFTV) with SPSS software. Based on this, it forecasts the future trend of air cargo traffic. The results show that Shanghai airport serves beyond the scope of Yangtze River Delta, air cargo traffic has significant imbalance and will grow to around 5.3 million tones with TFTV growth by the end of “twelfth five-year” period though slower than TFTV, and the airport cargo facilities can accommodate the air cargo industry development. Finally, some useful countermeasures for stimulating Shanghai air cargo industry are put forward.

A month at the Shanghai Library, November 2004

In November 2004, I spent a month working in China at the Shanghai Library, at the invitation of its director, Dr. Wu Jianzhong. This was a very interesting experience for me, and I am forever grateful to the University of Toronto for making the trip a reality. The Shanghai Library is the second largest library in China. It is a large public library that also functions as the leading resource library for the Shanghai university community, with exceptionally strong collections in the areas of science and technology. The city of Shanghai is a very westernized city in comparison with most of China, hence its nickname “China’s window on the West”. I left Toronto very early on 28 October 2004 and flew to China via Vancouver, arriving on the following day at 1600 hours. China is 13 h ahead of Toronto, so night turns into day, and I had terrible jet lag for almost the first 2 weeks of my stay. The flight from Vancouver was wonderful. We flew up the coast of British Columbia, along the mountains of Alaska, over the Aleutian Islands, past eastern Russia and Korea, over Japan, and finally over the China Sea and straight down into Shanghai. The first thing I noticed about Shanghai was the huge number of people. There are people everywhere. Shanghai is a city of 17 million, in an area roughly the size of Toronto. It is crowded everywhere, seemingly all the time — the airport, the streets, the intersections, the subway, and all the department stores and markets and shopping areas. There is severe gridlock, and there are literally millions of bicycles, large “cargo” tricycles, and motorcycles all over the sidewalks as well as the roads. The second thing was the poor air quality. This was hard to miss and is at least partly the result of the extensive construction taking place all over the city. Shanghai is changing at a very rapid rate. Old areas are being demolished, and huge high rises and skyscrapers are going up in their place. It’s very exciting to see, but it makes for a lot of dust! The first really exciting thing for me was seeing actual Chinese characters denoting Shanghai Airport. Then I began to realize that everything was written in Chinese characters (of course!), and it sounds silly, but that was a huge adjustment for me. I’d never been to a country where there was absolutely no chance of deciphering anything written. I was totally illiterate. Getting around the city was best done by taxi. A taxi anywhere seemed to cost only about CAN$4.00. (China is not expensive for Canadians.) This worked well for tourist sites, but there was a problem with lesser-known places. The taxi drivers could not read my Pinyin-transliterated map, and therefore it was necessary to have two — one in Pinyin, one in Chinese — so that we could put them together to figure out the location of my destination. One was then at the mercy of the taxi driver, and I never travelled anywhere without the hotel business card, so as to be sure of getting home.

中国・四国地方における上海便利用客の分布と流動

The aim of this study is to clarify distribution and flow patterns of air passengers from Okayama to Shanghai in the Chugoku and Shikoku District. The data on air passengers for this study are based on the survey in 2000by the author. The results of this study are summarized as follows:(1) There were many air passengers for Shanghai in big cities located around Okayama Airport, such as Okayama and kurashiki. The passengers were also generated in Kagawa Prefecture. Therefore, Seto-Ohashi Bridge expanded the sphere of the influence of Okayama Airport. Some passengers came from areas which may compete with Hiroshima Airport, such as Fukuyama and Hiroshima.(2) After getting off planes at Shanghai Airport, all passengers moved to the cities located in the eastern part of China. There wasn't any passengers moving to other countries. Many passengers moved to Shanghai. Some passengers visited Beijing or Nanjing. And, analyzing the relationship between the destinations of passengers and travel purposes, the author made it clear that there were two types of cities: one was the cities that passengers visited on business, and the other was the cities that passengers visited for sightseeing.(3) Finally, analyzing the relationship between the number of the destinations of passengers and travel purposes, the author made it clear that the passengers for sightseeing had many destinations and passengers on business had one destination.