Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital Research Articles

The Role of Emotion Regulation as a Mediator Between Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Aggression and Bullying Behavior in Motorcyclists with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be a cause of criminal behavior, affecting various aspects of an individual's mental health. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of difficulties in emotion regulation on psychiatric symptoms among patients with mild TBI. Methods: This research was a retrospective cohort study that included 120 motorcyclists with mild TBI referred to the psychiatric clinic of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam, during a 23-month period from January 2017 to March 2019. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with P < 0.05. Results: The results of AMOS analyses revealed a direct path from maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and an indirect path from adaptive cognitive emotion regulation to the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation (DERS), bullying behavior, and aggression in 120 motorcyclists with TBI. Conclusions: Reducing TBI rates, which is a major public health necessity, may have benefits in terms of reducing crime and improving clinical services.

Safety and Efficacy of Selenium on Recovery of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Various micronutrients have been used to manage patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, data on the potential benefits of selenium for COVID-19 patients are scarce. Objectives: This study was conducted to monitor the efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation in COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam, Iran, in 2021. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 100 COVID-19 cases were included and divided into two groups: The selenium group (n = 50) was prescribed the hospital treatment protocol as well as selenium supplementation in a daily dose of 200 µg, and the control group (n = 50) that received only the hospital treatment protocol. Laboratory tests, including platelet, white blood count (WBC), hemoglobin, ferritin, c-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), were performed before the trial and on the 14th day. Two groups were compared based on laboratory findings, duration of hospitalization, and dependency on mechanical ventilation. Results: In the selenium group, platelets, WBC, and hemoglobin rose remarkably compared to their pre-treatment concentrations (P < 0.05), while a considerable drop was detected in levels of ESR, CRP, and ferritin (P < 0.05). The mean length of stay in the selenium and control groups was 9.27 ± 13.50 and 11.45 ± 14.33 days, respectively (P = 0.401). The mean mechanical ventilation dependency days in the selenium and control groups were 9.65 ± 11.71 and 7.45 ± 4.93, respectively, implying no statistically significant difference (P = 0.307). Conclusions: Selenium supplement may reduce levels of inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, further trials are required to monitor its clinical effectiveness.

Association of Serum Vitamin D Levels with the Risk of Suicidal Behavior in Ilam, Iran: A Brief Report.

There are conflicting reports on the effect of serum vitamin D (VD) levels on the development of suicidal behavior. VD deficiency is prevalent in Ilam province, and this region has the highest suicide mortality rate in Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate a possible association between serum VD levels and the risk of suicide among the inhabitants of Ilam province. A total of 157 suicide attempters (case group) and 314 age- and sex-matched individuals (control group) without a history of suicide attempts were recruited into the study. Suicide attempters were admitted to the Emergency Department of Ilam Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital (Ilam, Iran) between March 2018 and March 2019. The individuals in the control group were randomly selected from those referred to various medical laboratories in Ilam during the same period. The participants in both groups were aged 18-35 years, and none had a history of kidney, liver, or endocrine diseases. Serum VD levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Categorical and continuous variables were compared using the Chi square test and independent samples t test, respectively. Serum VD level in the control group (31.5±0.2 ng/mL) was significantly lower than in the case group (43.1±0.1 ng/mL) (P<0.001). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that an increase in serum VD score was associated with an increase in the likelihood of suicide attempts (OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.03-1.06, P<0.001). Our findings confirmed the role of VD deficiency in the development of suicidal behavior. However, it is not a significant factor in its pathogenesis.

Evaluation of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning during the years 2017 to 2019 in Ilam, Iran.

Every year, drug poisoning is the most prevalent reason for referring patients to medical centers. This study aimed to evaluation of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam. In this In this Cross-sectional study, patient samples suspected of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning referred to the toxicology laboratory of Ilam University of Medical Sciences were analyzed using the HPLC method, and the results were analysed using SPSS software. Results showed that the percentage of drug use is greater in men than in women. The highest percentage of morphine and methadone poisonings were detected in those under the age of 40, whereas the highest percentage of digoxin poisonings were recorded in those over the age of 80. As a result, the average age of digoxin users was substantially greater in men than in women. Methadone consumers showed significantly greater blood levels than others. In addition, there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in blood levels between men and women who used morphine. In general, it is important to understand the status of drug poisoning with drugs such as morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol, as well as the prognosis associated with the treatment process of such poisoning.

WITHDRAWN: Evaluation of Morphine, Methadone, Digoxin, and Dronabinol Poisoning in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam, Iran

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.

Frequency of BCR-ABL P190 &amp; P210, and JAK2 Mutations in Myeloproliferative Patients in Iran

Background: Hematologic malignancies can be divided into two categories: myeloid and lymphoid, each of which is further divided into acute and chronic. Chronic myeloid diseases consist of Myelodysplasia Syndrome (MDS), Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs), and a rare group of MDS/MPN. According to genetic studies, the prevalence of some mutations related to cell division is higher in these patients. Given that gene analysis is an available way to diagnose the disease quickly, treat it on time, and help promote effective drugs, this study aims to investigate the frequency of JAK2, BCR-ABL P190, and BCR-ABL P210 mutations in patients with neoplasms who refer to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between March 2017 and September 2020. Materials and Methods: The blood samples of the patients were analyzed by PCR for the expression of BCR-ABL P190, BCR-ABL P210, and JAK2 genes to investigate any potential relationship between malfunctioned genes and the existing medical condition. Results: The mean age of the study patients was 60.5±14.7 years. Of whom 28 (53.8%) were male, and the other 24 (46.2%) were female. Also, 29 patients (55.8%) had Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), 37 patients (71.2%) had at least one of the studied mutations, 21 patients (40.4%) had JAK2 mutation, and 16 patients (31.8%) had BCR-ABL mutation. There was no significant relationship between gender and any of the studied variables. Type of disease had a significant relationship with the studied mutations. Conclusion: All CML cases in this study had at least one of three types of mutations. The type of medical condition was significantly associated with the studied mutations, for example, CML patients had fewer JAK2 and more BCR-ABL gene mutations. gender was not significantly related to any factor in the study. There was no mortality during the study. All the patients were alive, and most of them (88.5%) were in remission.

Explanation of COVID-19 Mortality Using Artificial Neural Network Based on Underlying and Laboratory Risk Factors in Ilam, Iran.

The spread of new waves of coronavirus outbreaks, high mortality rates, and time-consuming and numerous challenges in achieving collective safety through vaccination and the need to prioritize the allocation of vaccines to the general population have led to the continued identification of risk factors associated with mortality in patients through innovative strategies and new statistical models. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to predict morbidity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data of 2,206 patients were extracted from the registry program of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam, Iran, and were randomly analyzed in two training (1,544) and testing (662) groups. By fitting different models of a three-layer neural network, 12 variables could explain more than 77% of the mortality variance in COVID-19 patients. These findings could be used to better mortality management, vaccination prioritization, public education, and quarantine, and allocation of intensive care beds to reduce COVID-19 mortality. The results also confirmed the power of a better explanation of ANN models to predict the mortality of patients.

Interleukin-29 profiles in COVID-19 patients: Survival is associated with IL-29 levels.

Interleukin-29 profiles in COVID-19 patients: Survival is associated with IL-29 levels.

The Effectiveness of Laboratory Parameters in Predicting the in-Hospital Mortality of Iranian Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

The novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV (now SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and affected healthcare systems worldwide. Due to lack of long-term immunization and effective specific treatments for the COVID-19 disease, there is a need of identifying the patients who are at the risk of a fatal outcome, according to the available epidemiological data and laboratory parameters. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of epidemiological data and laboratory para-meters for in-hospital case fatality in patients with COVID-19. A retrospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam University of Medical Sciences from February 29 until March 29, 2020 was performed. Epidemiologic data and laboratory results were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the laboratory parameters for in-hospital death. A total of 256 Iranian COVID-19 patients were included in the evaluation; 38 of them died, resulting in a in-hospital case-fatality rate of 14.8%. The univariate analysis showed that advanced age [OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.06, P=0.001], smoking [OR=4.041, 95% CI: 1.546-10.563, P=0.004], white blood cells [OR=0.941, 95% CI: 0.904-0.980, P =0.003] and hematocrit [OR=1.060, 95% CI: 1.009-1.113, P=0.020] were positively associated with the risk of a fatal outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that COVID-19 patients with an elevated white blood cell count and elevated hemoglobin level had 1% and 9% greater risk of an in-hospital death for each elevated unit [OR=1.07; 95 %CI: 1.024-1.088, P =0.002 and OR=1.379; 95% CI 0.064-1.788, P =0.015, respectively]. An increase in white blood cell count and an increase in hemoglobin level might be indepen-dent risk factors for in-hospital death in Iranian patients with COVID-19. Further studies are necessary in order to conferm the prognostic value of the variables discussed.

The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on Anxiety Reduction in Critical Care Unit (CCU) Patients During Hospitalization

Patients admitted to Critical Care Units (CCU) face multiple stressors, and these stressors cause anxiety in patients. Anxiety increases heart function in heart patients. High levels of anxiety in cardiac patients increase in association with hospital complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on reducing the anxiety of patients in CCU during their hospitalization. The study design was quasi-experimental (pre-test and post-test). This study was performed on patients in CCU of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital in 2019; for this purpose, 30 patients in CCU were randomly divided into intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Before the intervention, the demographic variables questionnaire and DASS-21 anxiety questionnaire were completed by both groups. Then, the intervention group received CBT for eight sessions according to the average number of hospital days (eight days) by the therapist (researcher). The control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention, the demographic variables questionnaire and DASS-21 questionnaire were completed by the intervention and control groups again. Data analysis was done by SPSS-21 software and descriptive tests, ANOVA, and independent and pairwise t-test. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean score of anxiety before treatment, but the mean score of anxiety significantly decreased after treatment in the intervention group (9.63±2.773) compared to the control group (13.23±2.115; p&lt;0.001). CBT can reduce the level of anxiety in patients admitted to CCU, and this method can be used as a simple and low-cost complementary non-pharmacological practice in these patients.

Computed Tomographic Findings of Nasal and Paranasal Sinuses in Patients Scheduled for Rhinoplasty in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital during 2011-13

Objective: Rhinoplasty is done to improve the morphology of the nose whilst also restoring its physiological function. Currently it is possible to perform rhinoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery simultaneously. The need has therefore arisen to evaluate anatomical variation within the nose and paranasal sinuses in symptom-free patients who are scheduled for rhinoplasty. Coronal computed tomography (CT) is the standard method used to evaluate the nose and paranasal sinuses. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of anatomical variation noted within the nose and paranasal sinuses on coronal CT in patients scheduled for rhinoplasty. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study of CT findings in 84 patients who underwent rhinoplasty at Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Shahed University, Tehran between 2011-13. The CT findings were evaluated in three different predefined categories: nasal septal, nasal turbinate, and paranasal sinuses abnormalities. Results: The study involved 84 individuals, consisting of 26 men and 58 women. The most frequent findings in the nasal septum category were nasal septal deviation (69.04%) and nasal septal spur (33.33%), whereas concha bullosa (45.23%) and inferior turbinate hypertrophy were the most frequent abnormality in the nasal turbinates category. Mucosal thickening of the sinuses (45.23%) and partial opacification of the sinuses (21.42%) were the most common findings in the paranasal sinuses. Conclusion: The high frequency of anatomical variation, inflammatory and congenital abnormal findings in CT images of the paranasal sinuses in patients scheduled for rhinoplasty indicates that preoperative CT examination may be useful in avoiding multiple surgical operations and in reducing costs.

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Cord Blood Samples from Neonates in Tehran, Iran

Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the coccidian protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The infection is life-threatening in congenital form because of transmission of the parasite from mother to fetus. In order to investigate the prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis, the present study was performed for detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in cord blood samples of newborns by ELISA method in Tehran, Iran. This cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1000 cord blood samples collected from Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2015. Sera were separated and evaluated for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA method. At the same time, whole cord blood samples were stored at -20 °C for complementary PCR test. From 1000 cord blood serum samples 198 cases (19.8%) were positive for anti T. gondii IgG antibody. IgG positive samples were examined for IgM antibody, among them 1 sample had borderline levels of IgM antibody. PCR was performed for this sample but no positive result was seen. Although congenital toxoplasmosis is of importance, no acute form of infection was seen in pregnant women in this study.

Relationship Between Praying and Self-Care in Elderly with Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study in West of Iran.

Given the prevalence of Heart Failure (HF), the current study was conducted, aiming to determine the relationship between praying and self-care in the patients with HF in Iran in 2018. The type of the study is descriptive-analytical, which has been conducted in patient group of more than 65, suffering HF. The population of study has consisted of HF patients, referring to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam province. Therefore, the patients, referring to this hospital for medical treatments, were included in this study. The study data were analyzed using software SPSS16. The findings showed there was a significant relationship between the severity of prayer and the demographic variables, such as gender (p < 0.004), education (p < 0.03), and duration of the disease (p < 0.001). The findings also showed that there was a relationship between self-care and gender (p < 0.001), education (p < 0.004), and duration of disease (p < 0.001). Also, the findings showed that there is a relationship between self-care and prayer (r = 727), so that increasing the amount of prayer will increase self-care. The mean (SD) of total prayer is 167.33 (10.49) and total self-care is 35.86 (10.60). With the increase in the rate of praying, their self-care increased. Based upon this, religious interventions are recommended to be held for this group of patients, focusing on praying.

Investigating the relationship between conscientiousness and self-compassion with marital satisfaction among Iranian married employees

BACKGROUND:Marital satisfaction, conscientiousness, and self-compassion are necessary for successful and lasting marriages. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction, conscientiousness, and self-compassion among married employees of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in the city of Ilam in 2017.METHODOLOGY:This study is a descriptive research with a correlation design. The research population included all 260 married employees of Mostafa Khomeini (I) Hospital in the city of Ilam, among which 150 were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using three questionnaires of conscientiousness, self-compassions, and marital satisfaction. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression.RESULTS:The research results revealed a positive and significant relationship between conscientiousness and marital satisfaction (P = 0.028 and r = 0.187) and a positive and significant relationship between self-compassion and marital satisfaction (P = 0.000 and r = 0.185). Both conscientiousness and self-compassion variables could predict 51% of the variance of marital satisfaction among married employees.CONCLUSIONS:Given the research results, it could be stated that people who have self-compassion and have a high level of conscientiousness make much effort for their improvement and resolving their committed mistakes. For this reason, they have high motivation to maintain marital relationships.

Determining the effect of implementing an educational package on quality of life among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease referring to teaching hospitals affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences in 2016.

Introduction:Nowadays, pulmonary diseases have become one of the most important causes of mortality in the world. In this regard, the present study was aimed at examining the effect of implementing an educational package on quality of life (QoL) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) referring to teaching hospitals affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods:The present study was an interventional clinical trial in which the participants were randomly assigned into an intervention group and a control group. The statistical population included all COPD patients who had referred to the teaching hospitals affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences. Sixty patients were selected by a convenience sampling method out of the whole patients who had referred to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam. Afterward, they were randomly assigned into an intervention group and a control group (each including 30 patients). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; Chi-square test, independent and paired samples t-test, and correlational tests at a significance level of 0.05.Results:The results of the present study showed that as a result of the educational package, the intervention patients had a significantly higher QoL than the control patients (P = 0.001). The results also showed that implementing the educational package had a significant effect on QoL among the intervention patients in dimensions of physical function, mental health, social status, playing physical role, playing emotional role, physical pains, general health, and energy and vitality (P = 0.001).Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that collaborative education is a significant issue in health and treatment, and different dimensions of QoL can be enhanced by an appropriate educational program.

Evaluation of HbA1C and serum levels of vitamin D in diabetic patients.

Background:Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease around the world. The present study aims at studying hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and vitamin D serum levels in diabetic patients.Materials and Methods:A descriptive study was conducted on 102 diabetic patients presenting to the diabetic clinic of a tertiary care hospital in West of Iran in 2016 (Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam city). The data collected were inserted into the SPSS-20 software, and it was then analyzed by using the relevant statistical tests. For describing the quantitative variables, mean and standard deviation were used. Moreover, for describing the qualitative variables, number and percentage were applied. The mean serum levels of HbA1C and vitamin D were compared for different variables using the Chi-square and ANOVA.Results:There is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the HbA1C and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Moreover, there is a statistically significant relationship between the serum level of vitamin D with smoking and body mass index (BMI). There is also an inverse linear relationship between vitamin D with HbA1C, FBS, BMI, and disease duration. The relationship between HbA1C with FBS and disease duration is a linear direct one. Their relationship between HbA1C and BMI is an inverse linear one, yet not significant.Conclusion:Given the role of this vitamin in secretion and the effect of insulin, it seems useful to monitor the serum level of vitamin D in a diabetic patient and prescribe its supplements if necessary.

Investigating the Effect of Education on Self-Care among Chronic Heart Failure Patients Admitted to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;/strong&gt; Congestive heart failure is a common cause of hospitalization. If patients can adhere to self-care behaviors, the progression of the disease can be prevented. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of education on self-care in chronic heart failure patients admitted to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam in 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; This study is of intervention typeand 40 patient’s sufferingfrom heart failure were selected. Research tools include a standard indicator questionnaire for measuring self-care by patients. The questionnaire contains 22 questions about their certainty ofself-care. Four point Likert scale was used for scoring and SPSS V.19 was used for data analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; The sample consisted of 16 men (40%) and 24 women (60%) most of which were married (75%). The statistical correlation between the total score of self-care behavior before and after education was significant (P VALUE = 0.003), which shows that the education conducted on the patients was effective and caused more scores in all areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/strong&gt; Self-care behavior can be attained and spread through education. It is recommended that the patients suffering are given enough information about their diet and activities after their discharge from hospital.&lt;/p&gt;

Assessing Human Dignity of the Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases at Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in the city of Ilam

Background and Aim: Respecting the patients’ human dignity plays a key role in improving their quality of life. This study aimed to assess the human dignity of the patients with cardiovascular disease at Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in the city of Ilam in 2015. Methods and Materials: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 150 patients with cardiovascular diseases in Ilam in 2015 through availability sampling. To collect the data, the inherent dignity questionnaire (IDQ) was used. Daily visiting the men’s and women’s CCU and Post CCU sections, the researcher completed the human dignity questionnaire by interviews. To analyze the data, SPSS statistical software version 17 was used. Ethical Considerations: Ethical considerations observed in the present study were: explaining the purpose and processes of the study to each of the participants, assuring the participants of the anonymity and confidentiality of the information, and obtaining the verbal informed consent of the patients to participate in the research. Findings: 85 (56.7%) of the patients were males and 129 (86%) were married. The mean age of the participants was 55.61±8.43 and the average for the number of their children was 3.94±1.55. The mean score for human dignity of the patients was 3.79±1.15 out of 6. The lowest mean for human dignity of the patients was for their human dignity in the society (3.43 out of 6), and the highest mean was for their human dignity in the healthcare environment (4.29 out of 6). In addition, the relationship between human dignity and age, gender, education and occupation was statistically significant (P<0.05) Conclusion: In the present study, human dignity of the patients was at an average level. It is, therefore, necessary to do such appropriate interventions as carrying out dignity therapy techniques or using nursing care models. Please cite this article as: Borji M, Median K, Tavan H, Azami M. Assessing Human Dignity of the Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases at Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in the city of Ilam. Med Ethics J 2016; 10(37): 61-68.

Effect of supplemental oxygen 80 % on post-tonsillectomy nausea and vomiting: a randomized controlled trial.

Nausea and vomiting are two of the most common complications of tonsillectomy in children. Administration of supplemental 80 % oxygen during surgery reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. We aimed to test the efficacy of supplemental 80 % oxygen during tonsillectomy on postoperative nausea and vomiting. In a randomized controlled trial in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, 102 children scheduled for tonsillectomy (± adenoidectomy) under general anesthesia were divided randomly in two groups according to percent of administered oxygen (group 1:30 % oxygen, group 2:80 % oxygen). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed and compared in 0-2, 2-6 and 6-24 h after surgery. Incidence of post-tonsillectomy nausea and vomiting after 2, 2-6, and 6-24 h was 13.72, 1.96 and 1.96 % for group 1 and 3.92, 0 and 1.96 % in group 2, respectively. We found no statistically significant difference between two groups (P = 0.08) but 80 % oxygen was beneficial for reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in the first 2 h after surgery in group 2.

English

Acinetobacter&nbsp;is a Gram-negative coccobacillus and one of the most nosocomial infections.&nbsp;Acinetobacter&nbsp;spp resistant strains in the world have created health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for infections with multi drug resistance (MDR) of&nbsp;Acinetobacter&nbsp;spp. in patients admitted to the ICU of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2008 to 2010. This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was designed on all of the 130 patients with culture positive for&nbsp;Acinetobacter&nbsp;spp.&nbsp;Microbiologic and specific demographic data were extracted from patient&rsquo;s laboratory and archive file. The data were analyzed by using SPSS16 statistical software and chi-square and Mann-Whitney test. The prevalence of infection with&nbsp;Acinetobacter&nbsp;spp.&nbsp;separately by years was: 21.5, 30.8 and 47.7% in 1386, 1387 and 1388, respectively. 100% isolates were resistance to&nbsp;Carbnicillin, Piperacillin, Cefotaxime&nbsp;and&nbsp;Cephalotin, 99.2% to&nbsp;Ciprofloxacin, Cotrimoxazole&nbsp;and&nbsp;Chloramphenicol, 97.7% to&nbsp;Imipenem, 95.4% to&nbsp;Tetracycline&nbsp;and 91.5% to&nbsp;Gentamicin. Highest percentage sensitivity was to&nbsp;Amikacin&nbsp;14.6%. Nosocomial infections with&nbsp;Acinetobacter&nbsp;spp.&nbsp;during the three years, was a growing trend and all isolates were MDR and the highest susceptibility was to&nbsp;Amikacin.&nbsp;It seems that the incorrect diagnosis, use of antibiotics for viral infections, inappropriate doses and time of antibiotic therapy (less or more), inappropriate formulation and low quality of some of antibiotics, are the most important cause of MDR. The proper use of antibiotics to prevent MDR bacterial nosocomial infections is recommended. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Acinetobacter&nbsp;spp,&nbsp;intensive care unit&nbsp;(ICU), multi drug resistance (MDR), nosocomial infections.