Shadow Of Terrorism Research Articles

Restorative Justice in The Shadow of Terrorism: Child Rehabilitation or the Illusion of Judgment?

Objective: This study delves further into the application of restorative justice to the problems faced by young people in Indonesia who have been exposed to terrorism. Restorative justice is advocated as a feasible approach for addressing this complex issue because of its focus on restoration and readjustment. Methods: This subject is affected by legal norms and philosophy. The constraints of restorative justice and the necessity for stakeholder engagement limit its potential advantages in combating juvenile terrorism. Results: This research shows that restorative justice is part of a broader approach to prevent youth radicalization, including effective education, quick intervention, and support for at-risk families and communities. This research also emphasizes the necessity for legal, educational, family, and community involvement with teen terrorists. Restorative justice programs work best when they are part of a larger plan that identifies at-risk individuals, intervenes on their behalf, and supports their families and communities, according to the research. Conclusion: This research examines restorative justice for Indonesian teenage terrorists. Restorative justice's emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration makes it useful for rehabilitating teen terrorists. The idea allows victims and community members a say in decisions.

Alone in the shadow of terror: Strategies and internal resources of older adults living alone in a continuous traumatic situation.

Continuous traumatic situations (CTS) caused by prolonged exposure to terrorist threat can harm individuals' mental and physical health. For older adults living alone in CTS, this risk joins the challenges of aging and loneliness, creating a triple vulnerability. No previous research has explored this particular vulnerability and specifically addressed the coping strategies and internal resources used by older adults to manage these stressful circumstances. The present study aimed to fill this lacuna, by exploring how older adults living alone in CTS cope with these challenges and the internal resources that help them do so. In-depth interviews with 15 persons aged 65 + years living alone in Sderot, an Israeli city exposed to a continuous terror threat, were conducted and analyzed thematically. Participants described various coping strategies. Some are deployed at the psychological level: positive thinking, deliberate disengagement, perception of being alone as an advantage, and social comparison; others have behavioral implications: acknowledging reality and dealing with it and "turning it into an engine." Participants also identified four internal resources that helped them cope: functional independence, faith, character traits, and previous experience with stressful life events. Participants coped with the difficulties of living alone in CTS actively and creatively, relying on various psychological and functional resources. The findings support theories that emphasize older adults' resilience and ability to cope with stress and trauma, suggesting ways to strengthen the resilience of older adults facing CTS, particularly those living alone. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Teaching in the shadow of terrorism: An attempt of schools' rehabilitation

AbstractThe emergence of terrorism against girls' education continues to prevent a large number of girls from attending school. The imminent fear of terrorist attacks also infiltrates the female teaching fraternity through their perceived job risk, job anxiety, and death sensitivity. This study echoes the female teachers' vulnerability through time‐lagged data gathered from Pakistan's terrorism‐affected areas. The findings unveiled the negative role of female teachers' perceived threats of terrorism in stimulating their job anxiety. This study also investigated the moderating effect of female teachers' perceived resilience in a jeopardizing context. The results of the study unveiled a significant positive association between female teachers' perceived threats of terrorism and their perceived job risk. The findings also confirmed a significant positive association between female teachers' perceived job risk and job anxiety. Furthermore, the mediating role of perceived job risk between perceived threats of terrorism and job anxiety was confirmed. Finally, the buffering effect of female teachers' perceived resilience weakens the link between perceived job risk and job anxiety. The results showed that female teachers' perceived job risk accounted for 31.8% of the variance in their job anxiety. The study's scope attempts to address the sensitive issue of society and provides a viable solution.

Muslims in these United States: Living up to the Ideals of the Greatest in the Shadow of Terrorism

Muslims in these United States: Living up to the Ideals of the Greatest in the Shadow of Terrorism

Meaning-making and rumour-mongering in the shadow of terrorism: The case of the Charlie Hebdo attack in Paris

The January 7, 2015 Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack in Paris shattered French civilians’ sense of security and also their sense of the surrounding world. This quasi-longitudinal study investigates the temporal dynamics of meaning-making and rumour-mongering processes of French civilians (N = 161) in a real-world, post-terrorist context. The present study was conducted via questionnaire at three points in time (i.e. one week, one month and two months) following the January 7, 2015 terrorist attack in Paris. In line with the social stage model of collective coping with disasters (Pennebaker & Harber, 1993), the main results suggest that participants’ coping process of searching for meaning decreased progressively over the two-month period. However, participants’ finding the presence of meaning as an outcome did not differ across time. Moreover, participants’ belief in rumours and official information was stable over the two-month period. Such findings point to the importance of considering the temporal perspective in order to provide a better understanding of laypeople’s symbolic responses to terrorism.

Children's emotional and behavioral problems in the shadow of terrorism: The case of Israel

This research investigates the well-being of children subjected to prolonged exposure to missile attacks. A study of post-traumatic symptoms, emotional stress, and behavioral problems among 152 children from southern Israel, an area prone to missile attacks, was conducted. Post-traumatic symptoms were assessed by a self-reported version of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for Children (CPTS-RI). Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed by the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL), which was completed by the children's mothers. The mothers were asked to answer the CBCL regarding their children's behavior both in the present and prior to the missile attacks. CBCL results were then compared with those of comparable children (n = 125) living in central Israel who were not exposed to missile attacks and whose mothers were asked to answer a similar questionnaire. The results indicated that prolonged exposure to security threats did not result in high levels of posttraumatic symptoms. However, according to the mothers the emotional and behavioral states of the children deteriorated. This was found also when their current emotional and behavioral state was compared to similar children in central Israel. The complex effect of prolonged exposure to security threats is discussed.

Spousal Coping Strategies in the Shadow of Terrorism.

The present study focuses on spousal differences in reaction to ongoing exposure to terror and security threats. Sixty-eight married couples with children living in a region exposed to ongoing security threats were evaluated. All participants completed questionnaires on objective exposure (number of incidents) and subjective exposure (sense of fear) to terrorism and security threats, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and their coping strategies with this ongoing exposure. Mothers reported higher levels of fear and PTSD symptoms, although their objective levels of exposure did not differ from those of their husbands. Similarities were found in coping strategies adopted by mothers and fathers to cope with life in the shadow of terrorism. Both mothers and fathers integrated emotion- and problem-focused coping strategies, with greater use of the latter. These similarities partially contradict research findings suggesting gender differences in coping with exposure to security threats. The results support the need for further research into investigating the role of dyadic coping in the context of prolonged exposure to security threats.

Children and Terrorism and commentaries

Children and Terrorism and commentaries

Exposing Sahara science in the shadow of terrorism

Geologist Stefan Kropelin's expedition to the Sahara desert will skirt areas of political instability and rumoured ISIS training camps.

A Formula of Terrorism?

Terrorism as a sociological phenomenon is one almost every mature adult considers they possess an accurate understanding of, yet a universally accepted definition continues to elude the field. After over a decade of perhaps the most intense scrutiny a subject of human effort has received in the recorded history of academic inquiry, the shadow of terrorism remains elusive and attempts to capture it under the search lights of intellectual discourse remain for all intents and purposes essentially futile. The following article, however, will not seek to explore the definitional nature of terrorism by engaging in this perennial political debate by traditional means. Rather, given the dearth of “consensus” the written word has achieved, discussion to follow will conduct new theoretical research endeavoring to apolitically discern terrorism's true scientific nature for perhaps the first time through objective, albeit theoretical, formulaic inquisition.

In the Shadow of Terror: High School Youth Violence in Thailand

This study explored the prevalence and severity of own violence, violence in the family, the school, and the neighborhoods of high school students from three distinguished provinces in Thailand and consisted of 1305 youths. The southern Muslim province has the highest rates of violence; and males were found to be more violent than females. Own violence among Thai youth is lower than the ones in western societies. As in the west, the highest violent rates were indicated in the schools, followed by violence in the community and the family. The results were interpreted in light of the social/demographic and cultural characteristics of Thailand.

In the shadow of terror: Posttraumatic stress and psychiatric co-morbidity following bombing in Iraq: The role of shattered world assumptions and altered self-capacities

Whilst research has looked at posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychiatric co-morbidity among civilians exposed to bombing, there is a lack of longitudinal data on the development of these outcomes and the psychological factors associated with them, particularly among Iraqi civilians. This study aimed to: investigate 1) the trajectory of PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity following bombing among civilians in Iraq and 2) the link between shattered world assumptions, altered self-capacities and identified health outcomes. One hundred and eighty (F=90, M=90) Iraqi civilians exposed to first time bombing were recruited approximately one month (time 1) after the bombing and five months (time 2) after the baseline assessment. A control group data (178, F=91, M=87) from people who were not exposed to bombing was also collected. They completed the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, the General Health Questionnaire-28, the World Assumptions Questionnaire and the Inventory of Altered Self-Capacities. The results showed that there was a significant decline in the proportion of people meeting the screening criteria for PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity symptoms over time. For the cross-sectional analysis, controlling for demographic variables, regression analysis showed that severity of the bombing (β=.16), controllability of events (β=−.21), safety and vulnerability (β=.31) and affect dysregulation (β=.37) significantly predicted PTSD time 1. Controllability of events (β=−.20) and affect dysregulation (β=.37) also predicted psychiatric co-morbidity at time 1. For the prospective analysis, controlling for PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity at time 1, none of these dimensions predicted PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity at time 2. Findings are discussed in terms of individual resilience. It can be concluded that following bombing, civilians developed PTSD and psychiatric co-morbidity which declined over time. Civilians' perceptions of their ability to control events in the world and regulate their affect had a short term impact on the severity of these symptoms.

India, Pakistan and Dialogue under the Shadow of Terror

In the wake of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the US and the subsequent war on terror, the Afghanistan–Pakistan region has emerged as a safe sanctuary for various terror groups like Al-Qaeda, Taliban and Lashkar-e-Taiba. This article focuses upon the close linkages between the legacy of the anti-Soviet jihad inside Afghanistan in the 1980s and the insurgency that later began in the Indian-administered part of Jammu and Kashmir, which from its inception has been aided and abetted by the Pakistan army and its Inter-Service Intelligence Directorate (ISI). Despite international pressure, the infrastructure of terrorism directed against India from Pakistan-controlled territory remains intact due to inaction of the Pakistan government for political and strategic reasons. So long as the symbiotic relationship between sections of the Pakistan government (particularly the army and the ISI) and the various anti-India terrorist groups remains intact, there will be no meaningful progress in any kind of bilateral dialogue between the estranged neighbours.

Judicial Ingroup Bias in the Shadow of Terrorism *

We study ingroup bias –the preferential treatment of members of one’s own group – in naturally occurring data, where economically signi…cant allocation decisions are made under a strong non-discriminatory norm. Data come from rulings in Israeli small claims courts during 2000-04, a period characterized by intense ethnically-based terrorism. Our analysis exploits the essentially random assignment of cases to judges –Jewish or Arab –and the exogeneity of terrorist attacks with respect to the legal procedure. Evidence suggests the existence of substantial bias: a claim is around 15% more likely to be accepted if assigned to a judge of the same ethnicity as the plainti¤. Furthermore, we …nd that this bias increases with the intensity of terrorism in the vicinity of the court during the period preceding the ruling. The results are consistent with existing theory and lab evidence according to which salience of group membership enhances social identi…cation.

Dissembling the Self

What could the dogma of the Assumption of Mary, promulgated by the Catholic Church in 1950, possibly have to do with the postmodern phenomenon of globalism? And what does Jung's phenomenology of the Self have to do with the contemporary scourge of terrorism? Based on these peculiar juxtapositions of ideas, this article focuses attention upon a contemporary manifestation of what Jung would describe as an inflation of the ego in the process of identifying with the Self. Using a combination of Jung's depth psychology and postmodern critic Jean Baudrillard's ideas concerning the current global zeitgeist, we see a pseudo-relationship to the Self being enacted on a universal scale via the whole technological apparatus of global ideology. The ideal of a unified world en-webbed with informational networks discloses an incomplete gestalt, a premature notion of wholeness that has left behind a crucial element which, as a result, casts a threatening shadow—the insidious shadow of terrorism.

The Shadow of Terrorism: Competing Identities and Loyalties among Tamil Canadians

Allegations of terrorism have caused immigrant populations to be questioned with respect to their political identities and their national loyalties. Even among populations that have been raised primarily in their country of settlement, there is a concern regarding their level of attachment to the homeland. The process by which these second generation populations determine their loyalties and identities is complex and dynamic. This paper examines how Tamil Canadians negotiate both their personal and political identities in a charged environment, particularly following the designation of the Tamil Tigers as a terrorist organization. Based on in-depth interviews conducted with second-generation Sri Lankan Tamils in Toronto, the paper explores how the members of the diasporic community negotiate their Canadian and Tamil identities, and the process through which they determine their loyalties between Sri Lanka—their homeland—and Canada—their country of settlement. Suite à des allégations de terrorisme, des populations immigrantes se sont vu questionner sur l’engagement de leur identité politique et de leur loyauté nationale. Même chez les personnes ayant grandi principalement dans leur pays d’accueil, il demeure une inquiétude quant à leur attachement au pays d’origine. Le processus par lequel ces populations de seconde génération déterminent leur engagement est complexe et dynamique. Dans cet article, nous examinons comment les Canadiens tamouls négocient une identité composite, à la fois sur le plan personnel et politique et dans un environnent complexe, en particulier après la désignation des Tigres tamouls comme organisation terroriste. À partir d’entrevues réalisées en profondeur auprès de Tamouls sri lankais de seconde génération vivant à Toronto, nous explorons dans cet article comment les membres de la diaspora négocient leur double identité canadienne et tamoule, ainsi que le processus par lequel ils déterminent leur loyauté envers le Sri Lanka — leur pays d’origine — et le Canada — leur pays d’accueil.

Growing up in the shadow of terrorism: Youth in America after 9/11.

Research conducted in the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attacks (9/11) suggests that, except for those who directly witnessed or suffered loss from the attacks, for most children the emotional impact was relatively transitory. We review this literature as well as consider other ways in which the attacks may have played a role in the development of adolescents and young adults as they came of age in the shadow of 9/11 in the United States. Specifically, we discuss the potential impact of the collective trauma of 9/11 on children's coping and emotional regulation, their sociopolitical attitudes, and their general beliefs about the world. Developmental issues and the role of parents in shaping their children's responses to 9/11 are also addressed. Researchers interested in children's social, emotional, and psychological development have much to learn about children's reactions to events like 9/11 and factors that might mitigate the negative consequences of such events on children's development.

Judicial Ingroup Bias in the Shadow of Terrorism

We study ingroup bias -- the preferential treatment of members of one's group -- in naturally occurring data, where economically significant allocation decisions are made under a strong non-discriminatory norm. Data come from Israeli small claims courts during 2000-2004, where the assignment of a case to an Arab or Jewish judge is effectively random. We find robust evidence for judicial ingroup bias. Furthermore, this bias is strongly associated with terrorism intensity in the vicinity of the court in the year preceding the ruling. The results are consistent with theory and lab evidence according to which salience of group membership enhances social identification.

Schools in the shadow of terrorism: Psychosocial adjustment and interest in interventions following terror attacks

Following terrorist events, teachers and nonteaching school personnel are important in helping children recover, yet little is known about their willingness to assist with this. We surveyed 399 employees from a Washington, D.C.-area school district following terror attacks (September 11, 2001, attacks; sniper shootings) about their exposure, adjustment, interest, and involvement in psychosocial interventions. Between 10% and 27% experienced one or more symptoms of posttraumatic stress (depending on category of symptom) in the month prior to the survey. Regression analyses revealed that peritraumatic distress, behavior change, and posttraumatic growth predicted interest in information on psychosocial interventions. Feeling prepared, adaptively managing work responsibilities, and perceiving an increase in student problems were related to intervening with students. Implications for school preparedness are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Narratives in Pencil: Using Graphic Novels to Teach Israeli-Palestinian Relations

This article argues that using graphic novels is an effective and valuable pedagogical tool to enhance the teaching of international relations, and specifically the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Graphic novels combine the best of film and prose in delivering a cognitive and affective experience that allows students to access the subject matter in a manner that complements the use of more conventional textbooks. Three such novels— Palestine , by Joe [Sacco (2001)][1], Exit Wounds , by Rutu [Modan (2007)][2], and Waltz with Bashir , by Ari [Folman and David Polonsky (2009)][3]—raise a number of important and relevant themes such as life under occupation and the shadow of terrorism, the intractability of conflict, the sources of violence, tensions within Israeli society, and collective memory and identity. After reviewing these three novels, this article discusses the benefits and challenges associated with using graphic novels in the political science classroom. [1]: #ref-41 [2]: #ref-31 [3]: #ref-17