Sexual Exploitation Of Minors Research Articles

Проблема квалификации половых преступлений по признаку направленности деяния на удовлетворение сексуального влечения виновного

One of the directions of the Russian criminal law policy is to increase the effectiveness of countering crimes related to the molestation, seduction and sexual exploitation of minors. Therefore, it is of scientific interest to find ways to criminalise sexual crimes based on the general principles of criminal responsibility. According to the study, in judicial practice, it is allowed to classify any actions against a person under the age of sixteen as depraved and sexual acts on the basis of their orientation towards satisfying the sexual desire of the perpetrator. The criminalising significance of this feature stems from an analysis of the system of existing norms. The author came to the conclusion that such regulation hinders the possibility of effective realisation of the right to protection from prosecution and leads to cases of conviction for acts that do not pose a public danger. The article argues for the need to disqualify the relevant legal provisions.

The Naked Reader: Child Enslavement in the Villa of the Mysteries Fresco

This article analyzes the naked boy who appears as a reader in the fresco cycle of the Villa of the Mysteries in Pompeii, ca. 60–40 BCE. Although this fresco and its many figures have received ample attention, few scholars have asked why the reading boy is naked. I mark the boy’s nakedness as proof of his enslavement, using iconographic and epigraphic evidence for child slaves in Roman-era Dionysiac cult. I also consider a Roman audience’s reception of this boy as decoration for the walls of a Late Republican villa. This image, I argue, worked to reinforce social hierarchies and the eroticization of child slaves, thereby perpetuating cultural systems of subjugation that organize the domestic sphere and the empire more broadly. By way of conclusion, however, I mark the painting’s unabashed acknowledgment of the lived experiences of a child slave as a subtle critique of slaveholding strategies, at least among enslaved viewers.1Content warning: Readers are advised that this article discusses evidence for the sexualization and sexual exploitation of minors, especially enslaved minors.

Криминологические особенности киберпреступности, направленной против несовершеннолетних

Cybercrime today is one of the fastest growing types of criminal activity that encroach on various social groups of community. Today, in addition to criminal acts aimed at economic profit, the level of criminal infringements aimed at the personal rights of children, has increased, as has the involvement of minors in the commission of serious and particularly serious crimes.
 Crimes against children committed in the information environment are different from traditional forms of criminal abuse, and are characterized by particular cruelty, a high level of proficiency of perpetrators, anonymity (identity of a perpetrator is hidden behind an information code) and transnationality. Conditionally the activities of cybercriminals can be categorized as offences aimed at the personal rights of children and criminal acts aimed at involving minors in offences through the information environment.
 Cybercriminal activities include, inter alia, trafficking in children in information and telecommunications networks; sexual exploitation of minors, including involvement in prostitution; inducement of children to commit suicide; and others. Such acts constitute serious or particularly serious crimes aimed at violating the personal rights of children, whose protection requires the development of national legislation and constant international cooperation. The author believes that specific international treaties on cooperation in the detection of cybercrime should be concluded, as well as general rules on the definition of various forms of cybercrime.

INDICATORS AND CRITERIA OF THE PROBLEM OF INVOLVING ADOLESCENTS IN COMMERCIAL SEX

The urgency of studying the problem of involving teenagers in commercial sex is substantiated in the work. The purpose of the article is to define and characterize the indicators and criteria of the problem of attracting adolescents to commercial sex. The research methods used involve the use of general scientific and empirical techniques of socio-pedagogical and social science, based on a systematic approach. In addition, general research methods such as generalization and comparison were used in the process. The concept of «commercial sex» is considered. Socio-psychological criteria and indicators by which a child can be involved in commercial sex are described. The concept of commercial sexual exploitation of children and its forms are defined. The structure of types of sexual services provided by adolescents involved in commercial sex in Ukraine is described. It is stated that the use of minors in the form of commercial sexual exploitation is an aspect of sexual exploitation of minors. The sex industry is considered as a sphere of human activity, which includes the production of goods and services of a sexual nature. A set of pedagogical conditions has been identified that will provide counteraction to prevent the involvement of minors in commercial sex. It is noted that the prospect of further research is to develop ways to implement certain pedagogical conditions and the creation, testing, experimental testing of the effectiveness of technologies for the formation of adolescents’ readiness to counteract involvement in commercial sex. It is determined that the involvement of children in commercial sexual exploitation is a consequence of the general socio-cultural situation in the modern world due to the rejection of traditional human values from man, man from culture, etc., and specific socio-economic, psychological, socio-pedagogical, normative legal reasons that are inherent in Ukrainian society.

Child Trafficking vs. Child Sexual Exploitation: Critical reflection on the UK media reports

This article explores how UK media narratives construct sexual exploitation of British children as a phenomenon to be approached differently than sexual exploitation of trafficked minors who are non-British nationals. Qualitative analysis of media articles that frame infamous child sexual exploitation cases as occurrences of human trafficking shows that they bank on the motifs from the historical white slavery myth. Thereby, these articles endorse the stereotypes of white victim and foreign trafficker and obscure the diversity of trafficking victims, perpetrators, and experiences. Furthermore, comparison between media reports focusing on cases involving British minors, on the one hand, and minors from abroad, on the other hand, reveals that only the former problematise inadequate victim assistance and systemic failures in dealing with sexual exploitation of minors. This leaves structural causes of child trafficking unaddressed, promotes differential treatment of victims based on their nationality, and stigmatises whole communities as immoral and crime-prone.

País de origen y edad de inicio en la prostitución de mujeres de Centroamérica traficadas en México y Estados Unidos

El Departamento de Estado de los Estados Unidos indica que menores de Centroamérica son transportadas por redes de tráfico sexual hasta México y Estados Unidos, para ser empleadas en la prostitución, pero no hay datos sobre la edad de inicio de las menores en esta actividad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los países en los que han ejercido la prostitución las jóvenes centroamericanas que son traficadas hacia Estados Unidos atravesando México, estableciendo la edad en que se inician en la prostitución en cada país. Se realizaron 190 entrevistas a mujeres de Centroamérica, proxenetas y “polleros” mexicanos, quienes participan en redes de tráfico entre Centroamérica, México y Estados Unidos. Se encontró que las centroamericanas transportadas a través de las redes de polleros son iniciadas en la prostitución mayoritariamente en Estados Unidos, en promedio sobre los 18 años, y que la media de edad de ejercicio de la prostitución por primera vez en Estados Unidos es significativamente menor que la media de edad en México. La explotación sexual de menores centroamericanas en establecimientos de entretenimiento adulto parece ser mayor en Estados Unidos que en México. Esto podría asociarse con una mayor capacidad económica de los clientes estadounidenses, lo que motiva a los traficantes a destinar a este mercado a las menores de edad que serán prostituidas.

Freedom, Commerce, Bodies, Harm: The Case of Backpage.com

This article situates lawsuits against Backpage.com in the context of changing laws and norms of sexual commerce and trafficking, and of evolving legal interpretations of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. Section 230 has been used repeatedly to shield internet service providers such as Backpage.com from liability for content generated by third parties that has led to criminal harm to others; in this case, the trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of minors. Moving to a critique of the law as at times grievously detached from the realities it addresses, I compare the legal strategies and decisions in three prominent cases brought against Backpage.com in St. Louis, Tacoma, and Boston, respectively. This critique identifies the evacuation of gendered bodies and the harm done to them from the court opinions as an example of what Robert Cover has called the “interpretive violence” of the law, and of the judges who interpret and dispense it. I conclude by calling for courts and Congress to act together to disrupt the accumulation of interpretive precedent favoring freedom of commerce and speech over the protection of bodies from harm.

Book Review: Pimp State: Sex, Money, and Equality by Kat Banyard

In this strongly recommended book, Banyard effectively demolishes six myths which defenders of unregulated commercial sexual exploitation of girls and women offer: 1) “Demand for sex work is inevitable; 2) Being paid for sex is regular service work; 3) Porn is fantasy; 4) Objecting to the sex trade makes you a pearl-clutching, sexually conservative prude; 5) Decriminalizing the entire prostitution trade makes women safe; and 6) Resistance is futile.” I add to Banyard’s analysis my views on the following topics: 1) the sexual exploitation of minors as an essential part of the commercial sex industry; 2) recent Canadian experience in adopting the ‘Swedish model’ of criminalizing male clients, but not the women they seek to purchase; and 3) a perspective on the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents from recent work in Bangladesh.

The Geography of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation of Children in Minnesota, 2007-2015

This article provides a snapshot of the geographic patterns of sex trafficking and sexual exploitation of minors' court cases and the affected communities in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The regional distributions of cases seen in court dealing with solicitation, inducement and promotion of prostitution, solicitation of children to engage in sexual conduct and use of a minor in a sexual performance are compared here. According to the visual examination of the thematic maps and the spatial statistics analyses, the greatest clustering for any of the offenses potentially related to sexual exploitation and trafficking is for cases that involve solicitation, inducement and promotion of prostitution. These clusters are located in Minnesota's major metropolitan areas and transportation hubs. The maps and the spatial statistics dealing with solicitation of a child to engage in sexual conduct and the use of a minor in a sexual performance are less likely to display clusters of cases in metropolitan areas and transportation hubs. In the majority of cases the patterns are random. Based on news reports and the thematic maps' patterns, the Internet has become a centrifugal force that has maintained a considerable number of child solicitation cases happening outside metropolitan areas traditionally linked to other sex crimes such as prostitution.

Cyberchondria, cyberbullying, cybersuicide, cybersex: "new" psychopathologies for the 21st century?

Cyberchondria, cyberbullying, cybersuicide, cybersex: "new" psychopathologies for the 21st century?

Mandatory Reporting of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Israel: What Happens After the Report?

ABSTRACT While the professional literature deals to some degree with the difficult dilemmas faced by professionals regarding the question of reporting or not reporting child abuse as mandated by law, there is a glaring insufficiency of studies looking at the impact of reporting on the victims and their families. This paper presents six cases of suspected sexual abuse to demonstrate some of the inconsistency in responses to reports within the Israeli system. The authors recommend amendments to the Israeli mandatory reporting law so that the law is not only a societal decree of the absolute prohibition against the sexual exploitation of minors and others incapable of giving informed consent, but also a basis for consistent and skillfull professional intervention.

Criminal Law. Sentencing Guidelines. Ninth Circuit Holds That Trafficking in Child Pornography Does Not Constitute a Pattern of Sexual Exploitation of Minors. United States v. Kemmish, 120 F.3d 937 (9th Cir. 1997)

Criminal Law. Sentencing Guidelines. Ninth Circuit Holds That Trafficking in Child Pornography Does Not Constitute a Pattern of Sexual Exploitation of Minors. United States v. Kemmish, 120 F.3d 937 (9th Cir. 1997)