Sex-related Questions Research Articles

The current use of the EORTC QLQ-NMIBC24 and QLQ-BLM30 questionnaires for the assessment of health-related quality of life in bladder cancer patients: a systematic review.

Investigating the use of the EORTC bladder cancer (BC) modules by evaluating: (a) study contexts/designs; (b) languages/countries in which the modules were administered; (c) their acceptance by patients/investigators; and (d) their psychometric properties. A systematic review was performed with studies from 1998 until 20/10/2021 in five databases. Articles/conference abstracts using the EORTC-QLQBLM30 (muscle invasive BC) and the EORTC-QLQNMIBC24 (previously referred to as QLQ-BLS24; non-muscle invasive BC) were included. Two authors independently screened titles/abstracts/full-texts and performed data extraction. A total of 76 eligible studies were identified. Most studies included the BLM30 (n = 53), were in a urological surgery context (n = 41) and were cross-sectional (n = 35) or prospective (n = 30) in design. The BC modules were administered in 14 languages across 19 countries. Missing data were low-moderate for all non-sex related questions (< 1% to 15%). Sex-related questions had higher rates of missing data (ranging from 6.9% to 84%). Most investigators did not use all scales of the questionnaires. One validation study for the original BLS24 led to the development of the NMIBC24, which adopted a new scale structure for which good structural validity was confirmed (n = 3). Good reliability and validity was shown for the NMIBC24 module, except for malaise and bloating/flatulence scales. Psychometric evidence for BLM30 is lacking. These results provide insight into how the EORTC BC quality of life modules could be further improved. Current work is ongoing to update the modules and to determine if the two modules can be combined into a single questionnaire that works well in both the NMIBC and MIBC settings.

Young Children's Family Sex Education in Rural Areas of Sichuan Province and Its Influencing Factors

Objective To understand the family sex education for young children in rural areas of Sichuan province and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 2246 parents of kindergarten children from rural areas in Sichuan province for a questionnaire-based survey.The Chi-square test and Logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Results It was found 1132(52.33%)parents had implemented family sex education for young children and 1031(47.67%)had not.Young children having asked sex-related questions(OR=1.536,95%CI=1.257-1.878),parents thinking that early childhood sex education is necessary(OR=3.691,95%CI=2.029-6.717),and parents having the intention to know early childhood sex education(OR=1.700,95%CI=1.274-2.269),and kindergarten having implemented early childhood sex education(OR=3.316,95%CI=2.515-4.372)were promoting factors for parents to conduct early childhood sex education,whereas a total annual household income at the middle level(OR=0.664,95%CI=0.456-0.968)was a hindering factor for parents to conduct early childhood sex education. Conclusions Parents of young children in rural areas of Sichuan province have poor awareness of sex education,and the proportion of parents who have never conducted sex education for children is high.The total annual income of the family,whether the children have asked about sex-related questions,parents' attitude towards early childhood sex education,and whether the kindergarten has conducted the early childhood sex education are important factors that influence the level of children's family sex education.

A sex education program for teachers of preschool children: a quasi-experimental study in Iran

BackgroundSex education is an important educational dimension. Together with families, teachers play a significant role in providing sex education to children. However, in most cases, they do not have enough information on this topic. The present study aimed to determine the effects of a preschool sex education program on preschool teachers’ knowledge and attitude.MethodsIn this quasi-experimental study, 80 teachers working at preschools in Tehran, Iran, were randomly allocated to experimental and control groups. The educational program was provided in two 90-min sessions for the experimental group while the control group received no intervention. A self-designed knowledge and attitude questionnaire was completed by both groups before and 1 month after the intervention. This questionnaire evaluated knowledge and attitude in six domains of principles of sex education, sexual identity, stages of development and proper methods of sex education, sex-related questions, masturbation, and sexual abuse. Data were analysed in SPSS 18 using descriptive statistics as well as independent samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, chi-squared test, and ANCOVA at p < 0.05.ResultsMean scores of knowledge and attitude in all dimensions showed a significant increase in the experimental group following the educational intervention. However, no difference was observed in the control group. Following the educational intervention, mean scores of teachers’ knowledge and attitude in all six domains showed a significant difference with that of the control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsResults revealed that the sex education program can promote the knowledge and attitude of preschool teachers in all domains.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT2016122320854N5. Registered on 9 March 2017. “Retrospectively registered”.

Sex in Utopia:

ABSTRACT In this article we explore two sex-related questions. First, what have the authors of utopias and dystopias said about sexual behavior and relationships in their works? In examining this question, we seek to identify different modes of sexual behavior or relationships that have been presented as characterizing the good or bad society. Second, what is the role of sex in utopia and dystopia? Is there a sexual element of how to get from here to there? Can changes in sexual behavior and relationships help bring about the good society? In order to explore these questions we consult a large number of primary sources, and our discussion begins with a broad-brush survey that establishes some early norms and variations from the canon of utopian thought. Two recurrent themes emerge from this survey: the first concerns a tripartite relationship among sex, sexuality, and gender. The second concerns sex and control. Both themes reinforce key modes of sexual behavior, which are explored in the final section of the article, where we undertake a deeper consideration of sample texts from three authors: Marge Piercy, Robert Rimmer, and Alex Comfort.

성교육이 초등학생의 성 지식과 성 태도에 미치는 효과 - 일개 구 초등학생을 대상으로-

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of sexual education on sex knowledge and attitude in elementary school students. Method: Questionnaire data were collected from 4 elementary schools located in Y-gu, Seoul. Final participants included 512 older school-age children. Results: There were significant differences in the degree of sex knowledge (t=-28.35, p<.001) and attitude (t=-18.44, p<.001) between the pretest and the post-test. The degree of sex knowledge changed significantly according to grade, sex, and experience with sex-related questions, and the degree of sex attitude changed significantly according to grade and sex. There was a significant correlation in the degree of change between sex knowledge and attitude (r=.28, p<.001). Conclusion: In this study, sex education for elementary school students effectively changed sex knowledge and attitude. Sex education is recommended elementary school students as well as adolescents in order to encourage responsibility in desirable sex behavior.

Gender differences in factors influencing sexual satisfaction in Korean older adults

This study investigates the sex lives of Korean older adults (i.e., those over 60 years) and attempts to identify gender-related factors influencing sexual satisfaction. It used data from the 2008 Korean National Survey on Older Adults conducted by the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Families. Of the 15,146 individuals who had taken part in the 2008 study, secondary analysis was conducted with data from 3360 persons who had spouses and were willing to respond to sex-related questions in a face-to-face interview. The mean age of male and female subjects was 67.34 and 66.86 years respectively. In the male subjects, sexual frequency, followed by marital satisfaction and cognitive function, had the greatest effect on sexual satisfaction. These three variables together accounted for 21% of the male subjects’ sexual satisfaction. In the female subjects, marital satisfaction, followed by frequency of sexual activity, absence of depressive symptoms, age, and length of cohabitation with spouse, had the greatest effect on sexual satisfaction. These five variables together explained 11% of their sexual satisfaction. This study indicates that sexual frequency and physical factors have the most important effects on the sex lives of older men, while older women value psychosocial and relational factors more highly. Therefore, interventions aiming to improve sexual satisfaction in older adults should take gender differences into account.

Self-reported history of sexually transmitted infection and chronic prostatitis symptoms: a cross-sectional study of a Nigerian undergraduate population

The aetiology of chronic prostatitis is poorly understood. A cross-sectional study of a population of male undergraduates in Nigeria, using a questionnaire containing the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and some other relevant sex-related questions, was conducted. A total of 14.9% of the population had chronic prostatitis symptoms (CPSs) defined as a pain score of four or more on the NIH-CPSI pain subscale. Approximately 26 or 12% of the population had at least one, or ≥ 2 location(s) of pain, respectively. The presence of CPS was found to correlate with a self-reported history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) (r = +0.237; P < 0.05) and 73% of those with a self-reported history of STI had CPS. Both voiding scores and quality-of-life scores were significantly higher in subjects with CPS, compared with those without CPS. Self-reported history of STI may be an important aetiological factor for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain symptoms.

The First Sex-Specific Molecular Marker Discovered in the Moss Pseudocalliergon trifarium

Most dioecious plants do not exhibit discernible sexual dimorphism before sexual maturity. Therefore, it is impossible to address any sex-related questions during the prereproductive phase unless a genetic sex marker is available for gender determination. The aim of the present study was to develop a genetic sex marker for the moss Pseudocalliergon trifarium to allow gender and sex ratio determination at any stage in the life cycle. A high proportion of P. trifarium populations do not express sex. The screening of genomic DNA with inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers was used to discover sex-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products. A presumably female-specific band was found, excised from the gel, cloned, and sequenced. A sequence-walking method was used to characterize the same region in males. A primer pair was designed to allow the amplification of a 159-bp portion of the female-specific DNA region. All tested material, up to 16-year-old herbarium specimens, provided unambiguous amplification products. This study successfully provides, for the first time in a moss, a sex-specific DNA marker. It allows reliable determination of gender and sex ratios. The short length of the amplification product is an advantage as satisfactory PCR products are more likely when the targeted sequence is short. The amount of variation in the DNA region shared by both sexes was relatively high. If the male sequence can be better characterized, the sex-specific regions could possibly be used to evaluate sex-specific phylogeographic patterns.

Efficacy of a Parent-Based Sexual-Risk Prevention Program for African American Preadolescents

To evaluate the efficacy of a parent-based sexual-risk prevention program for African American preadolescents. Randomized controlled trial. Community-based study conducted in Athens, Georgia; Atlanta, Georgia; and Little Rock, Arkansas from 2001 to 2004. From 1545 inquiries, 1115 African American parent-preadolescent dyads (child, aged 9-12 years) formed the analytic sample. Participants were randomized into 1 of 3 study arms: enhanced communication intervention (five 2 1/2-hour sessions), single-session communication intervention (one 2 1/2-hour session), and general health intervention (control, one 2 1/2-hour session). Continuous measures of parent-preadolescent sexual communication and parental responsiveness to sex-related questions at preintervention, postintervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups; and dichotomous measure of preadolescent sexual risk (having engaged in or intending to engage in sexual intercourse at 12-month follow-up). Using intent-to-treat participants, differences of mean change from baseline for continuous measures and relative risk for the dichotomous measure of sexual risk were calculated. Participants in the enhanced intervention had higher mean changes from baseline scores, indicating more sexual communication and responsiveness to sexual communication at each assessment after intervention for all continuous measures than those in the control intervention and single-session intervention. Preadolescents whose parents attended all 5 sessions of the enhanced intervention had a likelihood of sexual risk at the 12-month follow-up of less than 1.00 relative to those whose parents attended the control (relative risk, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-1.03) and single-session (relative risk, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.97) interventions. These results provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of a parenting program designed to teach sexual communication skills to prevent sexual risk in preadolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION; clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00137943.

Selection Bias Related To Parental Consent in School-Based Survey Research

The authors examined differences between students with and without written parental consent to take part in a sensitive health survey. The data were collected using a consent procedure combining "active" and "passive" response options. Two thousand seven hundred five 9th and 12th graders whose parents provided written consent completed a full survey. An identical survey, without sex-related questions, was completed by 3,533 students whose parents gave "passive" consent to this less sensitive version. Students with written consent were more likely to be White, to live in two-parent households, to have a grade point average of B or above, and to be involved in extracurricular activities. They were also more likely to have been exposed to health promotion interventions. Irregular seat belt use was lower in the written-consent group at both grade levels. Among 9th graders, cigarette smoking was less prevalent in the written-consent group. There were no significant differences in alcohol or illicit drug use.

Evaluation of a Sex Education Program for Parents of Young Children

AbstractThis study evaluated the extent to which a sex education program for parents of preschool children changed mothers' teaching skills, comfort levels, and frequency of parent-child communication. A pre/posttest design was used, with mothers of middle- and working-class socioeconomic status serving as subjects in the sex education and control groups. Results revealed that program participants, as compared to controls: (a) planned to introduce sexual information to children at earlier ages; (b) provided more accurate responses to children's sex-related questions; and (c) were less likely to punish children's sexual language and behavior. The program had little impact on mothers' comfort or the frequency with which they discussed most sexual topics in the month following the intervention. Findings suggest that parent programs can improve mothers' skills as sex educators.

The Question Box Revisited: A Developmentally-Based Training Model

AbstractThirty sex-related questions submitted anonymously by a group of forty middle adolescent girls in a private school setting are analyzed and categorized according to a classification scheme devised to reflect common developmental themes of adolescence. Once classified appropriately, questions can be responded to not simply on a factual level, but in many ways that focus on the developmental context of the questions as well. A classification scheme also has important implications for teacher and parent training. Presented with a categorization of questions they may expect to receive, adults can more easily sort out their intellectual and affective responses to typical adolescent concerns. They also can more quickly develop confidence in their ability to handle questions, by developing classifying skills and by learning and practicing effective ways to deal with questions that fit into specific categories.

A College Contraceptive Clinic

Why can't I go on and off the pill whenever I need to? boyfriend goes to another college, and we see each other only a few times during the school year. My periods are irregular. Will I ever become pregnant? What does a diaphragm do? These and other sex-related questions are asked every day of college health nurses all over the country. At New England College, Henniker, New Hampshire, we have developed a contraceptive program which many of the 1,200 students use. Since the contraceptive program was started in 1972, sex-related problems have decreased on campus. At the close of the second year of the program, requests for diagnostic tests for pregnancy had dropped 50 percent, and the percentage of positive tests for pregnancy had dropped 26 percent. Also, venereal disease reports were down 24 percent. More students than ever are using our services. Approximately 22 percent of the total female population were seen in our program during the first year and last year 34 percent were seen. Our screening tests have uncovered cases of gonorrhea that might otherwise have gone undetected for a dangerously long time. Unfortunately, our clinic has not attracted many men students, although 65 percent of the student population are men. We are planning a public relations campaign to bring more men into the program. Couples come in for contraceptive and V.D. counseling. Clinic use does not tell the whole

Sex-Related Questions: One Bridge to the 'Gap'

Sex-Related Questions: One Bridge to the 'Gap'