Severity Rating Research Articles

Evaluasi Heuristik E-Learning Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang Palangka Raya

Institute of Hindu Religion (IAHN) Tampung Penyang Palangka Raya has e-learning in an e-campus with complex features. Many e-learning features become ineffective, and make users unable to maximize their use. Therefore, a heuristic evaluation approach from Nielsen's is needed to find out the extent of usability in the e-learning. The heuristic evaluation method is a method used to find usability problems of a product using 10 heuristic evaluation principles. In this research, the assessment was carried out by 4 expert usability evaluators. The calculation of usability heuristic evaluation using severity ratings scale has been done. The results of the assessment based on heuristic evaluation on the IAHN-TP Palangka Raya e-campus application resulted in 24 problem findings. The highest value of the average severity rating (SR) is on the principle of error prevention and as much as 92% of the largest percentage is on the principle of visibility of system status. This research also provides recommendations for design improvements ranging from adding functions, changing appearance, and layout according to the results of the heuristic evaluation. These recommendations can be used as a consideration for the IAHN-TP campus management in improving the application.

RNA Polymerase Inhibitor Enisamium for Treatment of Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Double-Blind Phase 3 Clinical Trial.

Enisamium is an orally available therapeutic that inhibits influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 replication. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of enisamium treatment combined with standard care in adult, hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19 requiring external oxygen. Hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were randomly assigned to receive either enisamium (500 mg per dose, four times a day) or a placebo. The primary outcome was an improvement of at least two points on an eight-point severity rating (SR) scale within 29 days of randomization. We initially set out to study the effect of enisamium on patients with a baseline SR of 4 or 5. However, because the study was started early in the COVID-19 pandemic, and COVID-19 had been insufficiently studied at the start of our study, an interim analysis was performed alongside a conditional power analysis in order to ensure patient safety and assess whether the treatment was likely to be beneficial for one or both groups. Following this analysis, a beneficial effect was observed for patients with an SR of 4 only, i.e., patients with moderate COVID-19 requiring supplementary oxygen. The study was continued for these COVID-19 patients. Overall, a total of 592 patients were enrolled and randomized between May 2020 and March 2021. Patients with a baseline SR of 4 were divided into two groups: 142 (49.8%) were assigned to the enisamium group and 143 (50.2%) to the placebo group. An analysis of the population showed that if patients were treated within 4 days of the onset of COVID-19 symptoms (n = 33), the median time to improvement was 8 days for the enisamium group and 13 days for the placebo group (p = 0.005). For patients treated within 10 days of the onset of COVID-19 symptoms (n = 154), the median time to improvement was 10 days for the enisamium group and 12 days for the placebo group (p = 0.002). Our findings suggest that enisamium is safe to use with COVID-19 patients, and that the observed clinical benefit of enisamium is worth reporting and studying in detail.

ANALISIS KINERJA KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) PADA PROSES PRODUKSI SAUS DENGAN METODE FAULT TREE ANALYSIS

The production process for making sauces requires a performance appraisal so that the results are effective and efficient. In production, performance problems sometimes occur, such as low productivity and accidents. The relationship between employee performance, such as work safety greatly affects work productivity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of K3 which includes the Frequency Rate (FR), Severity Rate (SR), and T-Safety Value (NTS) so that it will produce how big the relationship is between the accident rate and work productivity. This study uses the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method where to build an FTA flowchart, it is necessary to identify work accident data, build a safety tree, measure work productivity, and draw conclusions. This research has produced several analyzes using FTA where the FR, SR, and NTS levels can already be known. The results of measuring the FR value show a decrease in the frequency of disability injuries and the severity of work accidents from year to year, there is a decrease from year to year. This research has also succeeded in increasing employee work productivity due to the low value of the FR and SR levels each year. If linked to NTS, every year the relationship between work safety and productivity will improve. So from the results of this analysis, there is a relationship between the frequency of work accidents and the level of work productivity that occurs in the production process.

Decline of onset-to-diagnosis interval and its impacts on clinical outcome of COVID-19 in China: a nation-wide observational study

BackgroundTo quantitatively assess the impact of the onset-to-diagnosis interval (ODI) on severity and death for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted based on the data on COVID-19 cases of China over the age of 40 years reported through China’s National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System from February 5, 2020 to October 8, 2020. The impacts of ODI on severe rate (SR) and case fatality rate (CFR) were evaluated at individual and population levels, which was further disaggregated by sex, age and geographic origin.ResultsAs the rapid decline of ODI from around 40 days in early January to < 3 days in early March, both CFR and SR of COVID-19 largely dropped below 5% in China. After adjusting for age, sex, and region, an effect of ODI on SR was observed with the highest OR of 2.95 (95% CI 2.37‒3.66) at Day 10–11 and attributable fraction (AF) of 29.1% (95% CI 22.2‒36.1%) at Day 8–9. However, little effect of ODI on CFR was observed. Moreover, discrepancy of effect magnitude was found, showing a greater effect from ODI on SR among patients of male sex, younger age, and those cases in Wuhan.ConclusionThe ODI was significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis, especially for patients who were confirmed to gain increased benefit from early diagnosis to some extent.

Telepractice application for the overt stuttering assessment of children aged 6-15 years old.

Despite the importance of delivering speech and language therapy services to children who stutter (CWS), there are barriers to accessing speech and language therapy. One way to improve access for those who may otherwise be deprived of speech and language therapy services, including CWS, is through telepractice (TP). However, there is currently no evidence as to the viability of TP stuttering assessments for CWS. To investigate the validity and reliability, and acceptability of using a TP application to assess overt stuttering behaviour children aged 6-15 years. A total of 30 CWS, aged between 6 and 15 years, were recruited from a speech therapy clinic in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Children were divided into two testing conditions, either face-to-face (f2f)-led or TP-led testing, and the Stuttering Severity Instrument (SSI-IV) was administered, percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS) was calculated, and severity ratings (SR) assigned, either via f2f or via TP using two laptops with webcams, video conference software and a broadband internet connection. Agreement and reliability of scoring in the two testing conditions were reported in addition to findings from questionnaires exploring children's and their caregivers' perceptions both before and immediately after the TP assessment was carried out. A total of 30 sessions were successfully carried out, with results revealing unsatisfactory levels of agreement when applying the Bland and Altman method. However, when discrepancies were found, these were comparable with those from traditional f2f studies. Generally, parents and children exhibited high levels of satisfaction and held a positive view regarding TP pre- and post-assessment. The results of the study suggest that conducting an overt stuttering assessment via TP for 6-15-year-olds CWS is reliable and valid. Although the TP model posed some (mainly technical) challenges for executing the assessment, high levels of satisfaction were recorded by parents and children alike. The TP system and equipment chosen in this study has provided a basis for the delivery of TP overt stuttering assessment in a clinical setting, thus addressing the barriers to access that are present for CWS. These results are preliminary, but they can be seen as a building block for future research in TP assessment studies for CWS. What is already known on the subject Stuttering treatment via TP has been proven to be feasible and successful across a variety of treatment programs (e.g., Lidcombe, Camperdown). However, the viability of assessing stuttering via videoconferencing has never been explored in children. What this paper adds to existing knowledge Preliminary support for the assessment of overt stuttering in CWS aged 6-15 years via video conferencing. The results justify larger scale studies of this service delivery method. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The TP system and equipment chosen in this study has provided a basis for the delivery of TP overt stuttering assessment in a clinical setting, thus addressing the barriers to access that are present for CWS aged 6-15 years.

Evaluation of occupational accidents in forestry in terms of incidence, frequency, and severity rates in Turkey

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze the forestry sector and the total work-related occupational accidents in Turkey in terms of incidence rate (IR), frequency rate (FR) and severity rate (SR) between 2008 and 2018 to compare those rates with some other sectors (mining, construction, metal and textile). According to the evaluation results, the IR and FR in the forestry sector are 41.1% and 40.8%, respectively, of all sector values in Turkey, while there is a negligible difference between the SR. The forestry sector, in terms of fatal occupational accidents, for both IR and FR showed a similar tendency across Turkey; non-fatal accident rates had lower values across the country. Moreover, it has been concluded that the forestry sector has generally better values than the metal, mining, and construction sectors and worse than the textile sector. In order to ensure safer performance in occupational accidents in the forestry sector, it is important to establish policies to increase awareness of occupational health and safety, since forest workers are exposed to different climate, topography, and vegetation types in terms of working conditions. In future studies, long-term evaluation of the data sets will increase the accuracy of occupational accidents evaluation models.

The reliability of measuring severity of stuttering in a foreign language

ABSTRACT Purpose With increasingly multicultural and linguistically diverse societies, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are being challenged with the task of working with clients who speak foreign languages. However, there is still a lack of evidence exploring how well SLPs are able to make reliable measurements of stuttering in languages other than their own. This study expands on existing knowledge and offers new reliability data for a different language that is commonly spoken worldwide, Vietnamese, enabling comparisons to be made to other foreign languages. Methods This study was undertaken to estimate the reliability of English-speaking SLPs’ use of a severity rating (SR) scale, to measure severity of stuttering in a familiar (English) and foreign (Vietnamese) language. Fifty-nine English-speaking SLPs rated 20 audio speech samples (10 English and 10 Vietnamese) of adults who stutter using a 9-point SR scale on two separate occasions. Results Results of the present study concur with previous studies identifying that language familiarity plays a pivotal role with SLPs’ abilities to reliably measure severity of stuttering. SLPs showed better agreement measuring severity of stuttering for mild and severe stuttering, regardless of familiarity with language. However, greater variability (poorer reliability) was found in the moderate range of the scale for both familiar (English) and foreign (Vietnamese) languages. Conclusion Results highlight the need for future research to focus on finding ways to assist SLPs to improve their reliability in the middle range of the scale, and further support stuttering measurement training packages to be developed in different languages.

Genome-wide association study of leaf rust resistance in Russian spring wheat varieties

BackgroundLeaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) is one of the most dangerous diseases of common wheat worldwide. Three approaches: genome-wide association study (GWAS), marker-assisted selection (MAS) and phytopathological evaluation in field, were used for assessment of the genetic diversity of Russian spring wheat varieties on leaf rust resistance loci and for identification of associated molecular markers.ResultsThe collection, consisting of 100 Russian varieties of spring wheat, was evaluated over three seasons for resistance to the native population of leaf rust specific to the West Siberian region of Russia. The results indicated that most cultivars showed high susceptibility to P. triticina, with severity ratings (SR) of 60S–90S, however some cultivars showed a high level of leaf rust resistance (SR < 20MR-R). Based on the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed using the wheat 15 K genotyping array, 20 SNPs located on chromosomes 6D, 6A, 6B, 5A, 1B, 2A, 2B and 7A were revealed to be associated with leaf rust resistance. Genotyping with markers developed for known leaf rust resistance genes showed that most of the varieties contain genes Lr1, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr10, Lr17a, Lr20, Lr26 and Lr34, which are not currently effective against the pathogen. In the genome of three wheat varieties, gene Lr6Ai = 2 inherited from Th. intermedium was detected, which provides complete protection against the rust pathogen. It has been suggested that the QTL mapped to the chromosome 5AS of wheat cultivar Tulaikovskaya-zolotistaya, Tulaikovskaya-10, Samsar, and Volgouralskaya may be a new, previously undescribed locus conferring resistance to leaf rust. Obtained results also indicate that chromosome 1BL of the varieties Sonata, Otrada-Sibiri, Tertsiya, Omskaya-23, Tulaikovskaya-1, Obskaya-14, and Sirena may contain an unknown locus that provides a resistance response to local population.ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into the genetic basis of resistance to leaf rust in Russian spring wheat varieties. The SNPs significantly associated with leaf rust resistance can be used for the development and application of diagnostic markers in marker-assisted selection schemes.

Analysis of occupational accidents in Spain using shrinkage regression methods

This paper analyses the relationship between the evolution of occupational health indicators, i.e. frequency rate (FR), severity rate (SR) and days lost per accident (DLA), and the performance of relevant influencing factors related to the labour market, the productivity structure and the economy using regression shrinkage methods: the Lasso, Elastic Net and AdaLasso regression methods. The advantage of applying these methods is that they overcome two common problems faced in this type of analysis: the number of input factors greatly exceeds the number of observations (data set) and the multicollinearity of the input factors.A case study is included focused on occupational accidents in Spain in the time period 1995–2017. The analysis covers an unstable period in the Spanish labour market consisting of stages of economic growth and deep recession as well as changes in the structure of the production system. The shrinkage methods identified and selected the most important factors that significantly affected the occupational health indicators. The AdaLasso method provided the best results for FR y DLA, based on the bayesian information criterion (BIC) and performed slightly worse than Elastic Net for SR. It can be concluded that AdaLasso seems to be the most consistent and robust method and also explains the different relationships with the least number of factors (variables).Based on the results of the AdaLasso regression method, Factor Hours Worked showed a strong positive relationship with all three indicators, while the Total Females Employed and Agriculture Sector factors showed a strong negative relationship with FR and SR. However, several factors affecting either FR or DLA seemed to have no affect on SR, while others affected each other in the same way but with weaker or stronger relationships. The results found were not only consistent with the results of the health indicators analysed in previous work, but also provided additional insights into occupational indicators that have not been covered up to now.

The effect of speech sample duration on the reliability of measurement of severity of stuttering

ABSTRACT Purpose: Speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) ability to measure stuttering reliably has been of interest over time. However, speech samples used in stuttering measurement research have varied in duration. This study was undertaken to examine whether the duration of speech samples influences the reliability of measurement of severity of stuttering by SLPs. Methods: Ten specialist SLPs rated 27 audio, English speech samples of three different durations (9 × 1-minute, 9 × 3-minutes, 9 × 5-minutes) of adults who stutter, using a 9-point severity rating (SR) scale. Results: The speech sample durations produced similar results when using the SR scale to measure severity of stuttering. Thus, samples of 1, 3 and 5-minute durations were found to be equally appropriate for reliability research and training purposes. Variability was found to be larger in the moderate severity range than the mild and severe ranges. Conclusions: Data trends suggest that SLPs and researchers should focus more attention on practice and training in the middle ranges of the SR scale, due to increased variability in this range.

Effects of the Lidcombe Program and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy on Stuttering Reduction in Preschool Children

Purpose: The present study explored the effectiveness of the Lidcombe Program, the parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) approach, and an integrated (Lid-PCIT) program on the treatment of children who stutter. Methods: The present research was a single-subject study with an alternative treatment design. Participants were 6 preschool children who were randomly assigned into three groups. Each group received the entire indirect (PCIT), direct (Lidcombe), or integrated (Lid-PCIT) program and were assessed through severity rating (SR), and percent stuttered syllables (%SS), and video analysis. Results: For all children the SR and the %SS were reduced but the percentage of non-overlapping data of the three interventions showed that it was reduced more in the Lidcombe and in the Lid-PCIT programs. Conclusions: This study provided preliminary evidence that Lidcombe, PCIT, and integrated programs were effective in reducing the SR and the %SS in preschool children who stutter. These results are potentially important as both indirect and direct interventions in the primary years can help children who stutter to overcome their disorder.

A MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE SAFETY LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL WORK USING ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS: A REVIEW

&lt;p&gt;Frequency Rate (FRR), Fatality Rate (FAR) and Severity Rate (SR) are common parameters used in communicating the research output of occupational accidental injuries. These parameters have been used to provide a model for classifying an occupational work activity into five level/degrees of safety ranging between &lt;em&gt;Very Safe&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Highly Unsafe&lt;/em&gt;. With a work activity defined as x: x 0.01, x 0.003 or x 0.03 indicates &lt;em&gt;Very Safe Level &lt;/em&gt;while x &amp;gt; 0.04, x &amp;gt; 0.015 or x&amp;gt;0.11 indicates &lt;em&gt;Highly Unsafe Level&lt;/em&gt; according to FRR, SR and FAR respectively. A case study is provided from an existing work to experiment the application of the model.&lt;/p&gt;

The Lidcombe Program: a series of case studies with Kuwaiti preschool children who stutter

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this series of case studies was to determine (1) the impact of the Lidcombe Program on early stuttering in Arabic-speaking preschool children, (2) whether adaptations are necessary when implementing the treatment program in Kuwait, and (3) the opinions of Arab parents about the treatment program.Method: This paper reports case studies of six Kuwaiti preschool age children who stuttered, aged 4;9–5;11 years (median 5;3 years), and were treated with the Lidcombe Program. The treatment program was administered in Arabic. The outcome measures included percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS) and severity ratings (SR), treatment times, and parent report.Results: Four children completed both stages of the treatment program. Significant changes in the speech of all four children were noted, reaching below 1.0%SS. The treatment was completed in a median of 10.5, 1-hour clinic sessions, and a median of 136.5 days from commencement of the treatment program.Conclusion: Findings suggest that this Western program is applicable and effective with a Kuwaiti population when presented in Arabic.

The reliability of Vietnamese speech therapists’ use of a severity rating scale to measure stuttering

ABSTRACTSpeech therapy is an emerging profession in Vietnam, and there is an estimated 910 000 Vietnamese people who stutter. No research to date has examined Vietnamese speech therapists’ reliability when measuring severity of stuttering in their native language (Vietnamese) and other languages (e.g. English, a common second language). Twenty-five Vietnamese speech therapists rated 20 speech samples (10 Vietnamese, 10 English) of adults who stutter using a 9-point severity rating (SR) scale on two occasions. Approximately half of the judges were able to measure severity of stuttering reliably in Vietnamese. Judges’ performance in English was poorer than in their native language. Irrespective of language, judges showed greater variability of their use of the scale in the moderate range. Results highlight the need for judges to develop intra- and interjudge agreement when using the scale to measure stuttering in their native and other languages. Research into the development and evaluation of practice and/or training packages would be beneficial to this population, in all languages, with a focus in the moderate range of the scale.

A MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE SAFETY LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL WORK USING ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS: A REVIEW

Frequency Rate (FRR), Fatality Rate (FAR) and Severity Rate (SR) are common parameters used in communicating the research output of occupational accidental injuries. These parameters have been used to provide a model for classifying an occupational work activity into five level/degrees of safety ranging between Very Safe and Highly Unsafe. With a work activity defined as x: x ≤ 0.01, x ≤ 0.003 or x ≤ 0.03 indicates Very Safe Level while x &gt; 0.04, x &gt; 0.015 or x&gt;0.11 indicates Highly Unsafe Level according to FRR, SR and FAR respectively. A case study is provided from an existing work to experiment the application of the model.

Case file audit of Lidcombe program outcomes in a student-led stuttering clinic

Purpose: The current study aimed to benchmark clinical outcomes for preschool-aged clients (2;0–5;11 years old) that attended a student-led clinic and undertook the Lidcombe Program.Method: A case file audit was undertaken for all preschool clients who attended the clinic between February 2008 and February 2013 and commenced the Lidcombe Program. Clients were grouped according to Stage 1 completion. A mixed ANOVA was used to test for differences between the groups in initial and final percentage syllables stuttered (%SS). Associations between case variable factors and treatment duration were investigated using Pearson correlations.Result: Clients who completed Stage 1 had final %SS and severity rating (SR) scores comparable to the literature; however, the median Stage 1 duration was greater. Over half of the clients (57%) withdrew prior to completing Stage 1. These clients had a significantly higher %SS at final treatment session than their completing peers. Initial %SS and SR scores were the only case variables associated with treatment duration.Conclusion: Students can achieve the same short-term treatment outcomes for children who stutter using the Lidcombe Program as the current published literature; however, treatment duration is greater and may impact completion. Implications of this for clinical education are discussed.

Absolute and Relative Reliability of Percentage of Syllables Stuttered and Severity Rating Scales

Percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS) and severity rating (SR) scales are measures in common use to quantify stuttering severity and its changes during basic and clinical research conditions. However, their reliability has not been assessed with indices measuring both relative and absolute reliability. This study was designed to provide such information. Relative reliability deals with the rank order of participants in a sample, whereas absolute reliability measures the closeness of scores to one other and to a hypothetical true score. Eighty-seven adult participants who stutter received a 10-min unscheduled telephone call. Three experienced judges measured %SS and also used a 9-point SR scale to measure stuttering severity from recordings of the telephone calls. Relative intrajudge and interjudge reliability were satisfactory for both scales. However, absolute intrajudge and interjudge reliability were not satisfactory. Results showed that paired-judge SR and %SS procedures improved absolute reliability compared with single-judge measures. Additionally, the paired-judge procedure improved relative reliability from high to very high levels. Measurement of group changes of stuttering severity can be done in research contexts using either %SS or SR. However, for detecting changes within individuals using such measures, a paired-judge procedure is a more reliable method.

The reliability of a severity rating scale to measure stuttering in an unfamiliar language

With increasing multiculturalism, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are likely to work with stuttering clients from linguistic backgrounds that differ from their own. No research to date has estimated SLPs’ reliability when measuring severity of stuttering in an unfamiliar language. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate the reliability of SLPs’ use of a 9-point severity rating (SR) scale, to measure severity of stuttering in a language that was different from their own. Twenty-six Australian SLPs rated 20 speech samples (10 Australian English [AE] and 10 Mandarin) of adults who stutter using a 9-point SR scale on two separate occasions. Judges showed poor agreement when using the scale to measure stuttering in Mandarin samples. Results also indicated that 50% of individual judges were unable to reliably measure the severity of stuttering in AE. The results highlight the need for (a) SLPs to develop intra- and inter-judge agreement when using the 9-point SR scale to measure severity of stuttering in their native language (in this case AE) and in unfamiliar languages; and (b) research into the development and evaluation of practice and/or training packages to assist SLPs to do so.

Clinician percent syllables stuttered, clinician severity ratings and speaker severity ratings: are they interchangeable?

At present, percent syllables stuttered (%SS) is the gold standard outcome measure for behavioural stuttering treatment research. However, ordinal severity rating (SR) procedures have some inherent advantages over that method. To establish the relationship between Clinician %SS, Clinician SR and self-reported Speaker SR. To investigate whether Clinician SRs and Speaker SRs can be used interchangeably. Participants were three experienced speech-language pathologist (SLP) judges and 87 adults who stuttered. Adults who stuttered received a 10-min unscheduled telephone call at the conclusion of which they self-reported a SR using a nine-point scale. The SLPs measured the stuttering for these conversations with %SS and also with the SR scale. The mean scores for Clinician %SS and Clinician SR were compared with Speaker SR using appropriate indices of relative and absolute reliability. Relative reliability indices deal with the rank order of participants in a sample and whether they can be distinguished from each other. However, absolute reliability indices are related to the closeness of the measurement scores to each other and to a hypothetical true score. Strong correlations were found between Clinician %SS and Clinician SR, and also between Clinician %SS and Speaker SR, although with higher values in the former case. Additionally, very high correlations showed acceptable relative reliability between Clinician SR and Speaker SR. However, absolute reliability in terms of standard error of measurement and limits of agreement was poor for Clinician SR and Speaker SR. The results suggest that Clinician SR and Speaker SR cannot be used interchangeably to measure temporal stuttering severity changes for an individual client. However, researchers might use these two measures interchangeably in research contexts, such as clinical trials, where changes of the entire group are of interest to determine and compare treatment effect size across trials.

Failure modes and effects analysis applied to the risk management of intraoperative radiotherapy

Objective To analysis of the various potential risks during the implementation of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) using a mobile linear accelerator Mobetron.Explore to optimize the management of IORT steps to reduce the occurrence of potential risks.Methods Selected the two surgeons,two of radiation oncologists,a radiation physicist,a radiation technician and two nurses who have been working for a long term in IORT team,applied failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to carry out systematic risk assessment.Established process modules,detected potential failure modes together with their causes and effects,scored to occurrence rating (OR),severity rating (SR),detection rating (DR),calculated risk priority number (RPN).Results IORT process is divided into 9 modules,15 potential failure modes.The highest OR was the prol nged time of laser soft-docking (8 points),the highest SR was the Mobetron equipment failed to output beams (10 points),the highest DR was the risk in the dose calculation (8 points),the highest RPNs were recognized as the target not covered satisfyingly (198 points)and not adequately protected normal tissues (180 points).For each failure mode,the existing measures were analysis,and preventive measures were proposed.Conclusions FMEA is an effective method of the management of intraoperative radiotherapy,to help reduce the occurrence of the potential risk in the IORT. Key words: Intraoperative radiotherapy; Risk management; Failure modes and effects analysis