Severity Of Acne Vulgaris Research Articles

Effect of a Low-Glycemic-Load Diet and Dietary Counseling on Acne Vulgaris Severity Among Female Patients Aged 15 to 35 Years

Effect of a Low-Glycemic-Load Diet and Dietary Counseling on Acne Vulgaris Severity Among Female Patients Aged 15 to 35 Years

Exploring the Link between Acne Vulgaris Severity and Adolescents' Quality of Life in Gresik

Background :Adolescence is a transition period between childhood and adulthood, this creates conflict within adolescents which often gives rise to strange and awkward behavior, this is because during adolescence there is a period of puberty which can change physically and psychologically. So the appearance of acne vulgaris can disrupt teenagers' self-confidence. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris and the quality of life of adolescents. Research design :The research design used is correlation research using a cross sectional approach. The population design used was teenagers in Gresik, the sample size was 210 teenagers, with a sampling technique using simple random sampling. Data collection used the CADI questionnaire and observation sheets. The variables measured were the severity of acne vulgaris and the quality of life of adolescents. Data analysis used cross tabulation and sperm rank test. Research result : Of the 210 students at SMAN who experienced mild degrees (46.2%), moderate degrees (45.2%), severe degrees (8.6%). Half of teenagers experience mild degrees. And regarding the quality of life of students and students who had no disturbances (1.0%), mild disturbances (25.7%), moderate disturbances (31.9%), severe disturbances (41.4%), half of the respondents experienced severe disturbances. The results of the Spearman rank test are p = <0.05, meaning there is a significant relationship. Conclusion : There is a relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris and the quality of life of adolescents in Gresik. Keywords: Acne Vulgaris, Quality of Life, Adolescents

Low Serum Vitamin E Levels Positively Correlate with the Severity of Acne Vulgaris

ABSTRACT Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common disorder of the pilosebaceous, especially prevalent in adolescents. Acne vulgaris ranks among the top ten most prevalent diseases globally. Although AV may resolve spontaneously, sequelae such as scar formation can persist, causing aesthetic and psychological disturbances. There is an antioxidant to counteract acne-causing oxidative stress, vitamin E, which is an important antioxidant in the human body. Therefore, vitamin E in the skin can reduce the formation of squalene peroxide and prevent the occurrence of AV. This is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional design. The investigation was conducted at the Dermatology and Venereology Clinic of Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital and the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, from February 2024 until the sample size was fulfilled. The sample consisted of patients aged 12-45 years with acne vulgaris who visited the clinic and were then selected through consecutive sampling according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the non-AV group, the mean serum vitamin E level was 19.3 ± 0.99 µg/ml, whereas in the AV group, it was 4.49 ± 19.1 µg/ml, indicating a significant variance. There was a positive correlation between low vitamin E levels and the severity of AV. The linearity graph shows the direction of the relationship between serum vitamin E levels and the severity of AV, which leads to the lower right, indicating that the higher the severity of AV, the lower the serum vitamin E levels. The mean levels differed significantly between the non-AV and AV groups. A favorable association was found between low vitamin E levels and the severity of AV. Keywords: Acne Vulgaris, Severity, Serum Vitamin E, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

The Relationship of Sleep Quality with Severity Level Acne Vulgaris in Students Aged 17-21 Years Faculty of Dentistry Prima Indonesia University

Acne vulgaris is chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands. Many factors cause acne vulgaris, one of which is sleep quality. Poor sleep quality will cause an increase in androgen hormones which are associated with an increase in the incidence of acne vulgaris. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep quality and the severity of Acne vulgaris in students aged 17-21 years. This research is an analytical observational research with a cross-sectional method and sampling using a purposive sampling method. Research instruments using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and the severity of acne vulgaris using the Lehmann classification. The result showed that of the 70 samples collected, there were 9 men and 61 women. There were 30 people with mild degree acne, 37 people with moderate degree and 3 people with severe degree. Based on sleep quality, there were 24 people with good sleep quality and 46 people with poor sleep quality. The results of Spearman's analytical correlation showed that there was a relationship between sleep quality and the severity of Acne vulgaris (P-value = 0.005). So, it can be concluded that sleep quality is related to the severity of Acne vulgaris in students aged 17-21 years.

The Influence of Stress on the Severity of Acne Vulgaris in Adolescents

In Indonesia, acne vulgaris is a common skin disease, almost everyone has experienced acne vulgaris, especially in young people, it occurs around 85 - 100%. The highest prevalence occurs in women aged 14-17 years, 83-85%, and men aged 16-17 years. 19 years old, accounting for 95-100%. One of the factors that causes acne to appear is stress. Stress is pressure that occurs due to a mismatch between the desired situation and expectations. Teenagers who experience acne will certainly feel uncomfortable. This study aims to determine the effect of stress on the severity of acne vulgaris in adolescents. Method: Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan observasional menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja di Kota Tegal dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 288 yang diambil secara acak. Uji analisis menggunakan uji Chi-square. Results: This study aims to determine the effect of stress on the severity of acne vulgaris in adolescents. Method: This type of research is quantitative analytical research with an observational approach using a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were teenagers in Tegal City with a total sample of 288 taken randomly. Test the analysis using the Chi-square test. Conclusions: Stress factors influence the severity of acne vulgaris, the more stressed a teenager is, the more severe the incidence of acne vulgaris they suffer.

Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Derajat Keparahan Acne Vulgaris pada Siswa-Siswi Kelas X di Sma Muhammadiyah 2 Bandar Lampung Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2024

Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial chronic skin condition, characterized by inflammation in the pilosebaceous units, such as the formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, which typically present on the face, upper body, and upper arms. Sleep quality is defined by an individual's capacity to sleep adequately and achieve the necessary amount of rest. This study aims to identify the correlation between sleep quality and the severity of acne vulgaris among tenth grade students at Muhammadiyah 2 Senior High School of Bandar Lampung, Lampung Province in 2024.The research adopts a quantitative approach and analytical survey method with a cross-sectional design. The study population includes all 285 tenth-grade students at Muhammadiyah 2 Senior High School of Bandar Lampung, Lampung Province in 2024. A total of 74 respondents were selected using the Slovin formula based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and observations of the severity of acne vulgaris. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with the non-parametric chi- square test, utilizing SPSS version 26.The study revealed that 50 respondents (67.6%) had poor sleep quality, while 24 respondents (32.4%) experienced a moderate severity of acne vulgaris. The analysis indicates a significant correlation between sleep quality and the severity of acne vulgaris among tenth-grade students at Muhammadiyah 2 Senior High School in Bandar Lampung, Lampung Province in 2024, with a p-value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05. The results of this research provide useful information and may serve as a supplementary resource for future research.

A cross sectional study evaluating the relationship of acne to androgenetic alopecia subtype and severity.

The circulating androgens have a role in the pathogenesis of both acne vulgaris and androgenetic alopecia; an association between these two have been found previously. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of the severity of acne vulgaris lesions to the subtype of AGA; and to validate the relationship between severities of acne vulgaris and AGA. This study was conducted cross-sectionally at five different dermatology clinics. Male and female androgenetic alopecia patients with comorbid acne vulgaris have been included. The age, gender, severity of acne lesions, subtype of androgenetic alopecia and the severity of androgenetic alopecia were noted. The severity of acne lesions were graded according to the Global Acne Severity Scale and androgenetic alopecia was graded according to the Hamilton and Ludwig Scales. SPSS v 21 was used for the statistical analysis. A total of 101 patients have been included (12 male and 89 female). The mean age of the patients with severe acne was statistically significantly lower (p = 0.020). The difference in terms of gender was statistically insignificant (p = 0.388). The severity of acne vulgaris was found to be independent of the severity and of the subtype of AGA; p = 0.623 and 0.870 respectively. Neither a relationship between the severity of androgenetic alopecia and severity of acne; nor a relationship between acne severity and androgenetic alopecia subtype were found in this study. Thus we report that, acne severity is independent of the subtype and stage of the co-existing androgenetic alopecia.

Serum Catestatin Levels in Patients with Acne Vulgaris: Single-Center Prospective Study

Introduction: Recent studies showed that antimicrobial peptides have an essential role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. This study aims to investigate serum catestatin levels in acne vulgaris patients and focuses on the change in serum levels after systemic isotretinoin therapy. Methods: This prospective study includes 101 acne vulgaris patients and 28 healthy controls. Serum catestatin levels were measured and compared between acne vulgaris and control group patients. Also, serum catestatin levels were measured again at the 24th week of isotretinoin therapy. Results: The serum catestatin levels in patients with acne vulgaris were statistically higher than in the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, serum catestatin levels were associated with the severity of acne vulgaris. A significant decrease in serum catestatin levels was detected after 24 weeks of systemic isotretinoin treatment. Conclusion: Catestatin was found to be significantly higher in the serum of patients with acne vulgaris compared to the control group. Although, the demonstration that catestatin levels decrease with isotretinoin treatment may indicate that it may have an important role in the pathogenesis of acne and could be used as a biomarker, future studies are needed to establish the role of catestatin in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.

Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in people with acne vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The relationship between acne vulgaris and oxidative stress biomarkers lacks a clear consensus. This study aimed to explore the potential correlation between acne vulgaris and circulating oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase [SOD], malondialdehyde [MDA], and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]).We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published before June 26, 2023. The literature search combined free words and the medical subject headings terms related to acne vulgaris, SOD, MDA, and TAC. Data were analyzed using Stata 15 software. Additionally, we conducted a subgroup analysis stratified by the severity of acne vulgaris.A total of 14 trials involving 1191 participants were included. Overall results revealed that acne vulgaris was associated with MDA concentrations (SMD = 1.73; 95% CI 1.05, 2.4; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that the severity of acne vulgaris was correlated with levels of circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress. TAC concentrations were significantly lower in patients with moderate acne vulgaris compared to controls (SMD = - 1.37; 95% CI = - 2.15, - 0.58, P = 0.001). SOD concentrations were significantly lower (SMD = - 2.92; 95% CI = - 5.39, - 0.46, P = 0.02) and MDA concentrations were significantly higher (SMD = 2.26; 95% CI = 0.95, 3.57, P = 0.001) in patients with severe acne vulgaris compared to controls.Our results implied that oxidative stress may exist in acne vulgaris. Furthermore, the severity of acne vulgaris was also correlated with oxidative stress.

Serum Interleukin-6 Levels are Positively Correlated with the Severity of Acne Vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the pilosebaceous unit. This disease occurs on the skin of the face, body, back, and other areas of the body, and can leave scars on the skin which can be temporary or permanent. Recent data shows that the inflammatory process is the initial process in the pathogenesis of acne, several pro-inflammatory cytokines, one of which is interleukin 6 (IL-6), which plays a role in acne vulgaris. Analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The research was carried out from February - November 2023 at the Skin and Venereology Polyclinic, RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar and the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Prof IGNG Ngoerah Hospital. The sample consisted of 47 samples of patients with acne and 20 samples without acne aged 8 - 45 years who were selected through consecutive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A sample of 3 milliliters of venous blood is taken which will then be checked for IL-6 with an ELISA kit. Data analysis with SPSS version 24 and p value &lt;0.05 is significant. The mean IL-6 serum levels in the acne group was 110.2 ± 88.3 pg/ml while in the non-acne group it was 26.7 ± 23.7 pg/ml. There was a significant difference in the category of IL-6 levels in the acne and non-acne groups (95% CI 55.1 - 155.3, p&lt;0.001). The correlation analysis of IL-6 levels with the severity of acne was strongly positive (r=0.951, p&lt;0.001).

Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy in acne vulgaris management: Assessing efficacy and safety.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of IPL in the treatment of Acne vulgaris. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: CMH, Peshawar. Period: 15th January 23 to 15th May 23. Material &amp; Methods: 35 participants having acne vulgaris with age range from 18-35 years were selected. Participants who had used any form of topical, oral, or alternative treatments for acne, including retinoids, within the six months preceding the commencement of the study, history of systemic steroid intake, photosensitivity and herpes simplex, were excluded. Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score was used to ascertain the severity of acne vulgaris. Four sessions of weekly Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) sessions, utilizing filters of 420nm, 510nm and 560nm for participants having skin type III, IV and V respectively were employed. GAGS score was calculated one week after the last session. Side effects were recorded, degree of improvement and patient reported outcome was noted using a four-point scale limited =&lt;25%, marked =25%-50%, promising 50-75% and profound =&gt;75%. Results: Mean age of participants was 21.63 ± 4.63 years, with a mean duration of acne was 4.26 ± 2.20 years. The mean baseline GAGS score I decreased from 22.00±5.26 to 11.58±4.80, as observed one week following the last IPL session. The calculated p-value was statistically significant (&lt;0.000). 54% of patients encountered no adverse reactions. Conclusion: Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) emerges as a secure and efficacious treatment choice, particularly in the initial stages, to enhance the response to therapy.

Circulating TWEAK levels in patients with acne vulgaris: Effect of oral isotretinoin therapy

AbstractBackgroundUpdates on the aetiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris, particularly the inflammatory process, are becoming more and more clear. The TNF superfamily includes tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). It plays a significant part in a variety of inflammatory skin conditions, including psoriasis, alopecia areata and many others. However, its role in acne vulgaris remains questionable.ObjectivesWe aim in this research to evaluate the circulating levels of TWEAK in various severities of acne vulgaris patients and their blood levels before and after oral treatment with isotretinoin.MethodsThis study includes 100 acne vulgaris patients and 100 healthy controls in a case‐control design. All cases, ranging in severity, were treated for 3 months with oral isotretinoin. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to measure serum TWEAK before and after 3 months of isotretinoin treatment.ResultsThe serum TWEAK levels were significantly higher in patients than the healthy volunteers (p &lt; 0.001). There were significantly higher serum TWEAK levels with increasing acne vulgaris severity. Additionally, a significant decrease in serum TWEAK level after treatment by oral isotretinoin of AV patients (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsTWEAK may play an important role in aetiopathogenesis and the severity of acne vulgaris. Also, oral isotretinoin may target TWEAK in the treatment and alleviate the acne vulgaris.

The Secretion of Inflammatory Cytokines Triggered by TLR2 Through Calcium‐Dependent and Calcium‐Independent Pathways in Keratinocytes

Keratinocytes can be activated by Cutibacterium acnes, leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines via toll‐like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4. Although several studies have investigated keratinocytes, the mechanism of calcium‐mediated activation remains unclear. Herein, we investigated whether calcium influx via TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation was involved in cytokine secretion by keratinocytes in HaCaT cells. Although TLR2 stimulation by peptidoglycan (PGN) increased intracellular calcium influx, TLR4 stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not increase it, as analyzed using flow cytometry with the calcium indicator Fluo‐3. However, activation by either TLR2 or TLR4 ligands upregulated the intracellular calcium influx in THP‐1 monocytes. Additionally, the expression of major proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1α, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), was significantly increased by TLR2 in HaCaT cells. Moreover, treatment with the intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA‐AM, disrupted PGN‐mediated induction of IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 production. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting revealed that TLR2 stimulation induced expression of the epidermal differentiation marker keratin 1. In conclusion, TLR2‐induced intracellular calcium influx plays a pivotal role in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐6 and MCP‐1, in keratinocytes. Moreover, the continuous influx of calcium via TLR2 activation leads to keratinization. In vitro studies using HaCaT cells provide basic research on the effect of TLR2‐induced calcium on C. acnes‐mediated inflammation in keratinocytes. These studies are limited in their ability to clinically predict what happens in human keratinocytes. Clinical studies on patients with acne, including three‐dimensional (3D) cultures of primary keratinocytes, are required to develop new diagnostic markers for determining the severity of acne vulgaris.

Exploring The Influence Of Vitamin D In The Management Of Acne Vulgaris: A Pilot Study

Objective: The study aimed to explore the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in improving acne severity. Methods: This pilot study was carried out at HIT Hospital, Taxila. The study included nine female patients aged between 12 and 30 years, with acne vulgaris and having deficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) levels (&lt;30 nmol/L). Exclusion criteria included the use of topical or oral treatments for acne, including retinoids, as well as those with a history of multivitamin or systemic steroid intake, and patients with any chronic disease. Global Acne Grading (GAG) score was used to assess the severity of acne vulgaris. Patients received a daily dosage of 1000 IU of vitamin D drops per day for 2 months so that vitamin D deficiency is corrected. After 2 months, the GAG score was re-calculated and documented. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 28. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 18.33 years (SD= 3.3 Years). A statistically insignificant association (p=0.49) and weak positive correlation (r= 0.17, p=0.65) were observed between Vit D levels and acne Status and GAG-1 score on applying chi-square test and Pearson correlation respectively. A paired-sample t-test showed a significant difference in the GAG-1 Score (Mean=25.44, SD=7.6) and GAG-2 Score (M=15.1, SD=4.5) after Vit D supplementation. t (5.3), (p= 0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that correcting vitamin D deficiency through supplementation resulted in a significant improvement in acne severity. Keywords: Acne vulgaris, Vitamin D, GAG score

The Relationship Between the Severity of Acne Vulgaris and the Quality of Life of Prima Indonesia University Medical Faculty Students

Acne vulgaris or acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles which is characterized by the appearance of open and closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, seborrhea and cysts. Acne vulgaris can occur in teenagers and young adults, such as medical school students, which can affect their quality of life. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris and the quality of life of students. This type of research is analytical observational research with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were students from the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University class 2020 – 2021 who suffered from acne vulgaris. The research sample obtained was 38 people. Sampling was purposive sampling. Data was obtained from a questionnaire filled out via the Google Form link. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Spearman Rho Rank test at a confidence level of 95% (=0.05). The results showed that the severity of acne vulgaris of students at the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University students (71.1%) was in the mild category, the quality of life of students was in the mild disorder category (52.6%). The severity of acne vulgaris in students is significantly related to the quality of life of students at the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University (p = 0.001 &lt; 0.05), with the close relationship (correlation coefficient) of the two variables in the medium category (r = 0.522).

Assessment of Serum Levels of Free Tri-iodothyronine, Free Thyroxine and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Patients with Acne Vulgaris

The aim of the study was to assess serum levels of free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients with acne vulgaris and apparently healthy subjects, to compare all the above-mentioned parameters between the two groups and to correlate severity of acne vulgaris with serum levels of free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). A total number of 120 participants of both genders were selected with age ranged from 15 to 45 years based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, 60 subjects with acne vulgaris were considered as Group A who were further sub grouped into mild, moderate and severe according to severity. Sixty age matched apparently healthy subjects were included in Group B for comparison. The level of serum free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated. The study revealed significant lower levels of FT4 (p-0.02) and significant higher levels of TSH (p &lt;0.001) of group A when compared with group B. The difference of FT3 level between group A and group B was not statistically significant (p-0.343). FT3, FT4 and TSH were positively correlated with the severity of the acne but statistically not significant.

The Relationship Between the Severity of Acne Vulgaris and the Quality of Life of Prima Indonesia University Medical Faculty Students

Acne vulgaris, or acne, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles, characterized by the appearance of open and closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, seborrhea, and cysts. Acne vulgaris can occur in teenagers and young adults, such as medical school students, affecting their quality of life. This research aimed to determine the relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris and the quality of life of students. This type of research is analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were students from the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University, class 2020 – 2021, who suffered from acne vulgaris. The research sample obtained was 38 people. Sampling was purposive sampling. Data was obtained from a questionnaire filled out via the Google Form link. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Spearman Rho Rank test at a % confidence level of 95% (a=0.05). The results showed that the severity of acne vulgaris of students at the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University (71.1%) was mild. The quality of life of students was in the mild disorder category (52.6%). The severity of acne vulgaris in students is significantly related to the quality of life of students at the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University (p = 0.001 &lt; 0.05), with the close relationship (correlation coefficient) of the two variables in the medium category (r = 0.522). The majority of respondents indicated the presence of mild acne vulgaris, reflecting the potential for awareness of good skin health practices.

Analysis of correlation between insulin resistance and severity of acne vulgaris

Blood glucose levels in the disease activate the free IGF-1 which promotes lipogenesis of sebaceous glands thus leading to acne formation. The study was aimed to analyze the correlation between insulin resistance and the severity of acne vulgaris. A total of 100 patients clinically diagnosed with acne vulgaris were enrolled in the study. The severity of the acne was evaluated using the GAGS system. The HOMA-IR index was used for the analysis of insulin resistance. The mean age of the patients was 22.13 years with a predominance of females i.e., 76%. GAGS score revealed 89% of patients had mild acne, 9% of patients had moderate acne and 2% of patients had severe acne. As per the HOMA-IR index cutoff value of 2.5, 35% of patients in our study had insulin resistance. A significant positive correlation was observed between the acne vulgaris and insulin resistance. Early treatment of insulin resistance can help evaluate a patient’s metabolic aspects that should be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of various other skin conditions associated with it apart from acne vulgaris such as acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, etc., and improving the health and the quality of care for these patients.

Relationships Between Disease Severity and the C-reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio and Various Hematological Parameters in Patients With Acne Vulgaris.

Acne vulgaris, an inflammatory disease, was investigated in this study with the claim that the C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio and some hematological parameter ratios have the potential to be used as inflammatory markers to monitor disease severity and prognosis. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with two groups of patients aged 18-65 years, 61 patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris and 35 healthy control patients, and routine hemogram and biochemical parameters were compared. The Global Acne Severity Index was used to determine the severity of acne vulgaris. The median age of acne patients was 22.0 (IQR=5.0) and the median age ofhealthy volunteers was 30.0 (IQR=14.0). There were 75.4% (n=46) women in the acne group and 77.1% (n=27) women in the control group. Among the acne patients, 42.6% (n=26) had mild acne, and 41% (n=25) had moderate acne severity. A significant difference was found between the study groups in terms of CRP/albumin ratio, CRP, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), lymphocyte/albumin ratio (LAR), and monocyte/CRP ratio (MCR)according to laboratory test results and calculated test ratios (p<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) value of the CRP/albumin ratio in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis between the acne and control groups was 0.660, and its cut-off value was found to be 0.236 with 68.6% sensitivity and 68.9% specificity. This study is the first to compare the CRP/albumin ratio with the severity of acne vulgaris in the literature. CRP/albumin ratio and MCRmay serve as inflammatory markers that can be used to monitor the severity of acne vulgaris.

Serum Hepcidin and C Reactive Proteins as Predictive Markers for Post Acne Scarring

Abstract Background Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin condition affecting a large section of population. Hepcidin, a small peptide produced by the liver, is a recently discovered key regulator of iron homeostasis that was classified as a typeII acute phase protein. The synthesis of hepcidin is greatly stimulated by inflammation or by iron overload. C‑reactive protein (CRP) is one of the best indicators of systemic inflammation, considering that its serum levels show no circadian change across the 24 hrs. IL‑1, IL‑6 and TNF‑α that are found in the acne lesions are also major inducers of CRP production by the liver. Thus, CRP levels could be elevated in acne if the amount of local inflammation is high enough. Aim of the Work To measure serum Hepcidin and C reactive proteins in acne vulgaris patients &amp; assess their ability as predictive serum markers for postacne scarring. Patients and Methods This Observational Cross sectional study, was carried out on 60 moderate, severe &amp; very severe acne patients aged from 16 to 40 years old (with and without postacne scarring), recruited from the outpatient clinics of Dermatology, Venereology &amp; Andrology departments of Ain-Shams University and MUST university Hospitals, from February 2019 toFebruary 2020. Results Levels of serum hepcidin protein of studied acne pateints were higher than normal range, while CRP serum levels were almost within normal range. Besides, Pateints with post acne scars had significantly lower serum hepcidin levels and higher CRP levels than pateints without. Furthermore, there was highly significant negative correlation between Hepcidin protein serum levels and duration and grade of acne, as well as post acne scarring grade. However, there was highly significant positive correlation between CRP serum levels and duration and grade of acne, as well as post acne scarring grade. Conclusion Serum hepcidin and CRP levels may provide an objective tool to predict the clinical outcome of acne vulgaris lesions and might help in determining the susceptible patients for scarring thus, configuring the therapeutic plan to start an aggressive treatment in patients prone to scar formation regardless of the clinical severity of acne vulgaris itself.