Several Types Of Relationships Research Articles

Identifying Social Network Characteristics Associated With Youth Physical Activity Skill Competency at a Summer Care Program.

While literature suggests that youth physical activity (PA) behaviors are affected by network influences, less is known about network influences on perceived skill competency, a component of physical literacy and self-efficacy. This study aims to provide an understanding of potential network characteristics which are associated with youth PA skill competency. Youth (n = 158) between the ages of 8 and 12 years recruited from two summer care programs (i.e., Boys & Girls Clubs) participated in researcher-administered surveys. Youth self-reported their age, sex, involvement in team sports, weekly PA, and skill competency assessed using a version of the PLAYself measure. Youth were also asked to report up to five people in the summer program and five out of the program with whom they interacted the most. Linear regression was used to evaluate associations between skill competency and demographics, PA, and social network characteristics. Skill competency was significantly associated (R2 = .17) with age (β = -.06, p = .01), sex (β = -.06, p = .01), sports team involvement (β = .16, p < .001), and weekly PA (β = -.20, p < .001). Skill competency was also significantly associated with the number of connections with whom the youth played frequently (β = .09, p < .001), the number of connections that helped the youth to be active (β = .18, p < .001), and the heterogeneity of the type of relationships within the youth's network (β = .11, p < .001). Skill competency scores were significantly associated with both individual variables and social network composition. In addition, youth with networks comprising several types of relationships (heterogeneity) reported a significantly high skill competency. PA interventions can be most effective when considering the reinforcing aspects of networks and skill competency.

Community detection based on nonnegative matrix tri-factorization for multiplex social networks

Abstract Nowadays, community detection is one of the important fields for understanding network topology and has many applications in information diffusion, interaction mining and migration behaviour analysis. Therefore, community detection in social networks can help to understand user behaviour and network characteristics. There are many community detection methods, which are often designed for single-layer social networks. However, real-world networks use several types of relationships to establish connections between users, each of which has different characteristics. Hence, real-world networks can be modelled as multiplex networks. In general, multiplex networks are an example of multilayer networks in which the relationships between users in different networks can be considered simultaneously. In these networks, each layer represents the connections between users in a social network. Meanwhile, communities in multiplex networks are identified based on the structure and connections between overlapping users in different layers of the network. In this article, the nonnegative matrix tri-factorization (NMTF) strategy is used to model multiplex social networks, and a solution for community detection is developed based on it. According to this strategy, a common consensus matrix and then an alignment matrix are extracted based on similarity metrics and network structure. The use of these matrices as a flexible modelling framework enables the detection of coherent community between overlapping users in multiplex social networks. We evaluate the proposed NMTF method through various metrics on a multiplex social network. The results of this evaluation show the better performance of NMTF in terms of community quality compared to equivalent methods.

Application of civil law institutions in customs practice

The article deals with the issue never explored before in Russian legal research: the application of civil law provisions to the regulation of several types of relationships in customs practices. The issue is acute as with the changes in civil law it is necessary to find out whether we need to synchronize with this process the other branches, seemingly not related to civil law. Moreover, the article gives another case in point to the current process of mutual integration in different spheres and branches of law. The authors expand upon the concept of the complex and predominantly public nature of customs legislation and attempt to find out, what limits the civil law has when dealing with the customs regulations. Another interesting point is the interaction between customs and civil law when applied to relations between businesspersons and customs bodies and officials. The article analyzes particular features of representation, storage and warehousing, pledge and guarantee, insurance, when applied in customs practices and the regulation thereof in customs laws. The research uses comparative methods, showing similarities and differences in the approach of the relevant customs regulations in Russia, foreign countries and integrating units such as EU and EAEU. The authors conclude that customs laws and regulations constitute a perfect example of combined use of legal instruments related to different law branches and of different nature for the sake of efficiency of the influenced and regulated system.

Multi-objective partition planning for multi-infeed HVDC system

The close proximity and the necessity of coordination between multiple high-voltage direct currents (HVDCs) raise the issue of grid partitioning in multi-infeed HVDC systems. A multi-objective partition strategy is proposed in this paper. Several types of relationships to be coordinated and complemented are analyzed and formulated using quantitative indices. According to the graph theory, the HVDC partition is transformed into a graph-cut problem and solved via the spectral clustering algorithm. Finally, the proposed method is validated for a practical multi-HVDC grid, confirming its feasibility and effectiveness.

Unveil key functions in socio-technical systems: mapping FRAM into a multilayer network

Network theory has been widely used to describe many complex systems belonging to several fields from physics to sociology. Particularly interesting are multilayer networks which concurrently account for several types of relationships, without necessarily aggregating them. The functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) is an agnostic method (i.e., not making modeling assumptions) allowing semantically rich descriptions of the relationships among functions constituting a socio-technical system. This richness may soon become overwhelming in case of not trivial FRAM models. A multilayer network represents a promising choice for combining the long-proven experience in network theory with the FRAM’s agnosticism. On these observations, this article shows how a FRAM model can be reinterpreted as a five-layer multilayer-directed network without any loss of information, even reducing the cognitive workload required for the analysts. This paper defines a methodology able to prioritize potentially critical functions through dedicated network centrality descriptors, and to generate instantiations for comparison and benchmarking of scenario-based envisioned solutions. A walk-through application in industrial operations management confirms the feasibility and validity of the proposed methodology.

Quality Determinants of Independent Audits of Banks

Since DeAngelo's study (1981) on audit quality, the latter has been a topic well discussed in the international accounting literature; however, there is little evidence about audit quality in the financial market. In Brazil, studies on audit quality began only in the 2000s, although without a specific focus on banks. The purpose of this study was to identify the quality determinants of audit work in Brazilian banking institutions. Using the practice of earnings management as a proxy for audit quality - more specifically, the discretionary accruals related to the process of the constitution of the Loan Loss Provision (LLP) - tests were performed based on the quarterly information of commercial and multipleservice banks and savings banks from 2001 to 2012. Empirical tests have shown that the quality of audit work has several types of relationships as follows: negative with the client importance level for the auditor; negative with the works after the sixth year of the contract; positive with the establishment of the Audit Committee by the banks; positive with the judgment of punitive administrative proceedings against independent auditors; and positive with the level of rigor of the regulatory environment. Of the tested hypotheses, three were not confirmed empirically. The first hypothesis predicted an association between audit quality and the auditor degree of specialization in the banking industry. The second hypothesis predicted that audit quality would be negatively correlated with the degree of concentration of audit activity within the National Financial System (Sistema Financeiro Nacional - SFN). The third hypothesis predicted that audit quality would be lower when the auditorclient relationship is of a short term. The results of the study contribute to the debate concerning the role of auditors in the transparency and solidity of the financial system, including their role as a complementary or auxiliary supervisor.

Multiple Personality Disorder: Am I Physician or Son?

Throughout history, several types of relationships joined physicians to patients: trust, skepticism, paternalism and autonomy. However, family-physician relationship is the most difficult to handle. The best approach to this dilemma would be for the clinician to ask the ill family member for his expectations and accommodate for the satisfaction of both.

Structure of a Prototype System for Managing Letters

This paper describes a prototype system for managing a collection of letters. The collection of letters is precious resources as historical material, and the collection is analyzed for finding historical information. To construct a database of letters and to build a management system for the database are meaningful. Moreover, to develop a system is required for supporting to analyze the collection. A prototype system has been developing to meet these requirements. This prototype system provides some functions to manage letters, and to analyze letters and words in them. Moreover, this system deals with letters which are contents of the part of the Avery Brundage collection. Furthermore, several types of relationships among letters and words are visualized using graphs.

Discrepancies About Adolescent Relationships as a Function of Informant Attachment and Depressive Symptoms.

Developmental scientists studying interpersonal relationships often find that informants disagree in their reports, and two theoretical perspectives suggest that these discrepancies may be predictable. In two studies of adolescents' interpersonal relationships, we examined two factors that may predict the absolute magnitude and the direction of the discrepancies in reports about several types of relationships. Specifically, we examined informants' depressive symptoms and attachment as predictors of absolute and directional discrepancies in reports about (a) adolescents' relationships with peers, (b) parent-adolescent relationships, and (c) adolescents' friendships. Findings revealed that informant depressive symptoms sometimes were associated with discrepancies. In contrast, informant attachment more consistently accounted for absolute and directional discrepancies.

Knowledge management and strategic orientation: leveraging innovativeness and performance

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate whether knowledge management (KM) contributes to the development of strategic orientation and to enhance innovativeness, and whether these three factors contribute to improve business performance.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 241 Brazilian companies was surveyed, using Web‐based questionnaires with 54 questions, using ten‐point scales to measure the degree of agreement on each item of each construct. Structural equation modeling techniques were applied for model assessment and analysis of the relationships among constructs. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis using the technique of structural equation modeling were applied to the data.FindingsEffective KM contributes positively to strategic orientation. Although there is no significant direct effect of KM on innovativeness, the relationship is significant when mediated by strategic orientation. Similarly, effective KM has no direct effect on business performance, but this relationship becomes statistically significant when mediated by strategic orientation and innovativeness.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings indicate that KM permeates all relationships among the constructs, corroborating the argument that knowledge is an essential organizational resource that leverages all value‐creating activities. The results indicate that both KM and innovativeness produce significant impacts on performance when they are aligned with a strategic orientation that enables the organization to anticipate and respond to changing market conditions.Originality/valueThere is a substantial body of research on several types of relationships involving KM, strategic orientation, innovativeness and performance. This study offers an original contribution by analyzing all of those constructs simultaneously, using established scales so that comparative studies are possible.

Relationship model: a network model for integrating human expertise with systematic distributed processes

AbstractIn this paper we offer an integrated flexible system in which two inter‐related models interact. One: the systems environment model that is inherent in all large enterprises and defines the logical enterprise organizations, units, division of work and responsibilities. Two: the Relationship model, which is a dynamic network derived from the data provided by the distributed expertise of the systems environment model representing several types of relationships among the units. This network model can be probed to produce related units with specific relationships to efficiently initiate a change, plan a change, adjudicate and implement a change. Each unit of the network can initiate a proposal for a new change by exploring its effect on the rest of the network; once a proposal for change is explored, its implications are evaluated and approved, a coordinated change is planned and implemented in a timely and organized manner while every constituency has been prepared for the planned change. While the proposed model can easily be adapted for organizations with well‐defined systems environment models, this paper focuses on the design, integration and implementation of the Relationship network and its processes for information technology (IT) within a large telecommunication company with an existing systems environment model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Theorizing identity: beyond the ‘us’ and ‘them’ dichotomy

ABSTRACT Yuval-Davis discusses three interconnected questions relating to identity. She first examines whether and in what ways the notion of identity should be theorized, on the one hand, and empirically researched, on the other, focusing on the opposing views of Stuart Hall and Robin Williams. She then examines the contested question of what is identity, positioning it in relation to notions of belonging and the politics of belonging, and in relation to several influential schools of thought, especially those that construct identity as a mode of narrative, as a mode of performativity or as a dialogical practice. Her third interrelated question concerns the boundaries of identity and the relationship between self and non-self. She explores both social psychological and psychoanalytical approaches to that question, and deals with questions such as reflexivity, identifications and forced identities. The last part of the article explores several types of relationships between self and non-self, such as: ‘me’ and ‘us’; ‘me/us’ and ‘them’; ‘me’ and other ‘others’; ‘me’ and the transversal ‘us/them’. Yuval-Davis's basic argument here is that dichotomous notions of identity and difference, when theorizing boundaries of individual and collective identities, are more misleading than explanatory.

Atypical associations between dugongs (Dugong dugon) and dolphins in a tropical lagoon

Several types of relationships link organisms to each other, including competition, predation and various types of associations. This paper presents the first case of association/interaction between dugongs, Dugong dugon, the only strictly marine herbivorous mammal, and three species of tropical dolphins in and around the lagoon of Mayotte (45°10'E 12°50'S), in the western tropical Indian ocean. Data were collected opportunistically from 1999 to 2005 in the surrounding waters of Mayotte from boat (N=2 observations) and ULM (ultra-light motorized vessel, N=2). The dolphin species involved in associations with dugongs were Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursips aduncus, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis, and spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris. In one case, dugongs were associated with both bottlenose and humpback dolphins. Associations were observed in the protected waters of the lagoon and outside, along the external slope of the barrier reef. Group size, activity and group structure of each species were recorded. Behavioural observations suggest that dugongs and dolphins were engaged in similar activities, such as travelling, on several occasions and were clearly associated when group formation was tight. If dolphins and dugongs may not associate for feeding purposes, then these interactions may occur: (1) for predation avoidance toward sharks; or (2) without any ecological reasons due to dolphin and dugong habitat overlap around the island.

Production and appreciation of humor as sexually selected traits

Both men and women prefer someone with a “good sense of humor” as a relationship partner. However, two recent studies have shown that men are not attracted to funny women, suggesting the sexes use the phrase good sense of humor differently. To investigate this question, we measured the importance participants placed on a partner's production of humor vs. receptivity to their own humor. Men emphasized the importance of their partners' receptivity to their own humor, whereas women valued humor production and receptivity equally. In a second task, participants chose whether they preferred a person who only produced humor or a person who only appreciated their own humor for several types of relationships. Women preferred those who produced humor for all types of relationships, whereas men preferred those who were receptive to their own humor, particularly for sexual relationships. Our results suggest that sexual selection may have operated on men's and women's preferences during humorous interaction in dramatically different ways.

Verbes supports et significations grammaticales

We present an inventory of grammatical meanings that can be expressed by support verbs. These meanings concern basically the quantification, the aspects and several types of relationships between enunciation and utterance. We argue for the usefulness of such a description in automatic translation Spanish-French.

PubNet: a flexible system for visualizing literature derived networks

PubNet is a web-based tool to extract several types of relationships returned by PubMed queries and map them into networks.

Fusion of spatial relationships for guiding recognition, example of brain structure recognition in 3D MRI

Spatial relations play an important role in recognition of structures embedded in a complex environment and for reasoning under imprecision. Several types of relationships can be modeled in a unified way using fuzzy mathematical morphology. Their combination benefits from the powerful framework of fuzzy set theory for fusion tasks and decision making. This paper presents several methods of fusion of information about spatial relationships and illustrates them on the example of model-based recognition of brain structures in 3D magnetic resonance imaging.

The Psychosocial Intimacy Questionnaire: Validational Studies and an Investigation of Sex Roles

The purpose of the present research was to develop an easily administered measure of intimacy that could apply to several types of relationships in adolescents and adults. In a set of four survey studies, the sixty-item Psychosocial Intimacy Questionnaire (PIQ) was found to have high internal consistency (alpha = 0.97) and good test-retest stability over a three-week interval, r = 0.84. Correlations with other measures provided evidence for convergent and discriminant validity of the PIQ. Factor analysis indicated that psychosocial intimacy may be a function of romantic love, supportiveness and communication ease. Intimacy level of heterosexual relationships in young adults appears to be more affected by partners' feminine qualities than by sex-typing or androgyny.

The Language of Lovers, Flovers, and Friends: Communicating in Social and Personal Relationships

In this paper language and social relationships are viewed as theoretical entities with mutual entailments. Several types of relationships are conceptualised and the various levels of language are related to these. Language is discussed as an independent variable which affects interpersonal bonding and as a dependent variable which is affected by relational processes. Several issues are raised, includ ing : Can persons talk about relationships with precision? Is language a funda mental constituent of most relationships? And, does communication play a primary role in relationship formation, maintenance, and decay? A general model is offered and theoretical implications are discussed.

Soil acidity and distribution of species on tussocks and interspaces in schoenus vegetation of South and Southeast Sweden

In five South Swedish provinces the vertical distribution of species in Schoenus phytocoenoses, especially bryophytes, were studied by belt transects and analysed by RA. Results indicate that the sequence of bryophyte dominants: Scorpidium scorpioides-Drepanocladus revolvens-Campylium stellatum-Tomenthypnum nitens-Sphagnum fuscum reported by Du Rietz (1949) is distinctly developed in Uppland. A shorter sequence: Scorpidium scorpioides-Drepanocladus revolvens/Campylium stellatum-Ctenidium molluscum, is developed on Oland. In Skane and Ostergotland it is not possible to demonstrate any bryophyte sequence common to all transects and probable reasons for this are discussed. The distribution of the vascular plants confirmed the results of earlier investigations. Several types of relationships between pH and height above interspaces are found and it is assumed that these relationships are due to water fluctuations.