Setup In India Research Articles

Life and works of Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray: A man with ultra luminosity

Abstract Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray was one of the most prominent scientists and an industrialist of the Indian subcontinent. He brought academia and industry under one umbrella with his farsightedness and dedication. His inventions in synthetic chemistry and profound knowledge of ancient Rasayana Vidya (chemistry) recognized him as a father figure in the Indian chemical industry. He was born in the early sixties of the nineteenth century with a profound family background in Bengal province. Academically profound, Ray acquired several awards and accolades in his life. His entrepreneurship in the Industrial setup in India made him the father of modern chemistry. The man with simple living and high thinking left for his heavenly abode at eighty-three, leaving the footsteps for future generations.

Diagnostic and Management Challenges of Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: A Case Series

Introduction: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy remains an elusive and potentially fatal complication of a rare liver disease in late pregnancy. Due to sparse research, diagnostic dilemmas, and multi-organ involvement of the disease, it is imperative to elaborate the evaluation and management principles to confine the outcomes. Case Reports: Here, we aim to discuss in detail the peripartum manifestations and goal-directed management protocols in a case series of four patients managed at a tertiary care setup in India. Conclusion: It was found that all four cases had varied presentations ranging from asymptomatic hypoglycemia to liver failure and multiorgan dysfunction requiring a multidisciplinary perioperative care approach to prevent complications by incorporating supportive care along with latest available point of care diagnostics, interventional care, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) and Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Experiences of Covid-19 Early Vaccination: A Survey-Based Study from the Community Healthcare Setup in India

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2023,13,1,37-41.DOI:10.5530/ijmedph.2023.1.6Published:June 2023Type:Original Article Experiences of Covid-19 Early Vaccination: A Survey-Based Study from the Community Healthcare Setup in IndiaRohan Jadhav, Laiby Reji, Anjali Kulkarni, Beena Nair, Lavanya Sampatkumar, and Prashant Bhandarkar Rohan Jadhav1, Laiby Reji2,*, Anjali Kulkarni1, Beena Nair3, Lavanya Sampatkumar1, Prashant Bhandarkar4,5 1Department of General Medicine, BARC Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. 2Mandala Dispensary, Medical Division, BARC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. 3General Nursing, BARC Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. 4Department of Statistics, BARC Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. 5School of Health System Studies, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Abstract:Introduction: Vaccination is one of the important solution to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the vaccine hesitancy in India, a study about an experience of COVID-19 vaccination is planned. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered interview-based study was performed at a vaccination centre in Mumbai. Individuals who have taken at least one vaccine dose were interviewed at the vaccination centre between August 2021 and December 2021. The self-administered questionnaire consists of 23 items which include questions about demographic details, history of COVID-19 infection and the details of the vaccine, followed their beliefs and confidence regarding the vaccine, their experience with the vaccination centre, and the side effects of the vaccine if any. Results: A total of 400 individuals responded to the survey. Among them, 50.3% were males. About 77% of participants depended on digital media for the vaccination program awareness. Only 19.3% of respondents expressed hesitancy regarding vaccine side effects and felt difficulty taking a vaccine. A majority (94.5%) of the responders were in favor of recommending vaccination to their peers. Most of the participants were satisfied with the services at the vaccination centre. The Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) reported by individuals were minor. Conclusion: Side effects of the vaccination, trust, risk perception, personal experience, and earlier vaccine experiences are some factors that reduce people’s willingness to vaccination. The current study reports an overall high willingness for vaccination. It also reflects the acceptance of booster doses with the organized vaccination drives and awareness among the people. Keywords:Adverse events following immunization., Community health, COVID-19 vaccination, Vaccination experiencesView:PDF (156.98 KB)

Evaluation of adherence with lung-protective ventilator strategies in moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in a tertiary care setup in India: A prospective observational study.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of mechanical ventilation settings is a cornerstone of the early phase of the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study aimed to evaluate the adherence to currently recommended lung-protective ventilator strategies (tidal volume, plateau pressure, driving pressure, prone positioning, and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]) for adults with moderate-to-severe ARDS in a tertiary care setup, thereby evaluating if lung-protective ventilation is associated with improved outcomes. This was an observational study over 1 year in ventilated moderate-to-severe ARDS participants. All participants were mechanically ventilated when required using the protocol followed by the ARDS Network low-tidal volume lung-protective ventilation strategy and monitored. The total number of participants in the study was 32. Septic shock was the most common cause of ARDS. The mean duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 6.13 (±5.4) days, mean ventilator days were 3.66 (±3.75) days and mortality rate of 71.8%.Adherence to low-tidal volume was 78.12% with an improvement of 36% in the adherent group (P = 0.06). Adherence to high PEEP was 34.38% with a survival of 73% in the adherent group (P = 0.0004). Adherence to prone ventilation was 18.75% with a survival of 33% in the adherent group (P = 0.7). Intensivists should take an extra effort to focus on evidence-based ventilator strategies and increase adherence to these recommendations in their ICUs to improve patient survival.

Enhancement of Production through Strategic Decision Making: A Case Study of Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW)

This paper aims to summarize the strategic decisions taken to double the production level of DLW in four years of time. The paper enumerates the possibilities up to which strategic and radical decisions can be taken in a government-owned industrial setup in India. Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) manufactures diesel electric locomotives primarily for Indian Railways. To increase the output, strategic decisions are taken to purchase/outsource large number of items which used to be manufactured in-house. Achievement of loco production targets is the result of concerted efforts by all departments. Each department improved their working to dovetail their efforts to the loco production targets. Staff and unions of DLW are very supportive in implementing strategic decisions. The strategic decisions have transformed DLW, from an integrated locomotive manufacturer, to more of an assembler of locomotives.

Diagnostic Evaluation of Ultrasound and Cytology for Solitary Thyroid Nodules in a Tertiary Care Setup in India

Diagnostic Evaluation of Ultrasound and Cytology for Solitary Thyroid Nodules in a Tertiary Care Setup in India

Medulloblastoma outcomes in tertiary care set-up in India using contemporary treatment protocols - A retrospective study.

Medulloblastoma is the commonest embryonal brain tumor in children. It has shown improved outcomes with combined modality treatment. We aimed to study patient characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with this disease across two tertiary care centers in India. We analyzed data of patients with histological diagnosis of medulloblastoma treated from January 2010 to January 2016. Patient characteristics and follow-up data were retrieved from hospital records. Descriptive statistics were used to describe clinical and pathological characteristics. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from date of diagnosis to death due to any cause. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was calculated from date of diagnosis to occurrence of relapse or death. Out of 26 patients treated, 24 were children and 2 were adults. Median age was 10 years (range = 0.8-22 years). Twenty (76.9%) patients were male. Fifteen (57.7%) patients were stratified as high-risk (HR), rest 11 (42.3%) were categorized as average risk (AR). Histopathology showed classical variety in majority of patients except for 4 (15%) cases, 3 with desmoplastic and 1 with anaplastic subtype. Median follow-up was 49.7 months (range= 4.2-102.5 months). Overall, eight (30.8%) patients relapsed and six (23%) deaths occurred. Five (33.3%) patients in HR category and 3 (27.3%) patients in AR group showed relapse. Median RFS and OS were not yet reached. Five-year RFS was 69.2% whereas five-year OS was 76.9%. This study highlighted patient characteristics and treatment outcomes in Indian patients. With adherence to standard treatment, high remission rates and improvement in mortality rates were achieved.

Feasibility of COVID-19 oral health care guidelines in day to day practice: Our experience in a tertiary care hospital

The COVID-19 has spread throughout the world since December 2019 and brought the delivery of the oral health facilities to a standstill. Customization of oral health care guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic at the dental division of a tertiary health care setup in India. Existing literature was searched regarding any available information regarding oral health care guidelines at the tertiary health care set up. Further, various health regulatory authorities' websites were searched for guidelines related to COVID-19 and patient management and infection control. Adhering to the health regulatory protocols for COVID-19, a total of 24548 patients were provided with dental consultations and various dental procedures, including teeth extraction, orthodontic interventions, teeth restoration, root canal treatment, and oral prophylaxis, major and minor oro-maxillofacial surgeries from April 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021. Emphasis was on providing a safe working environment to the oral health care team and the patient. None of the members of the dental health team became positive for COVID-19 during the study. On the basis of our experience, we highlight that it is very much possible to efficiently and effectively treat the patients which oral health care during and post-COVID-19 pandemic. Frequent change in the guidelines regarding COVID-19 infection by various authorities, so keeping an eye on the same is also advised because various aspects of COVID-19 infection are yet to be confirmed and brought to the light. In our setup, patient satisfaction was good among the treated patient, and they applauded the efforts put by our team.

Job meaningfulness, employee engagement, supervisory support and job performance: a moderated-mediation analysis

PurposeGuided by social exchange, broaden and build and conservation of resources theoretical perspectives, this study explores the moderated mediating role of supervisory support (SS) on the relationship between job meaningfulness (JM) on job performance (JP) through employee engagement (EE).Design/methodology/approachField data were collected from two hundred and nineteen executives and their thirty-eight supervisors of a large paint manufacturing industry through a time-lagged research design and was analyzed with partial least squares based structural equation modeling.FindingsFindings of this study indicate that JM mediated by EE contributes to JP, which means if an employee finds one's job meaningful, she/he is likely to be more engaged emotionally, psychologically and cognitively to deliver better JP. SS is also found to be salient as it moderates both direct and indirect relationships between JM and JP through EE.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralizability of the findings of this study should be done with caution. Though the study has time-laggard data from two different sources but missing longitudinal data restricts causality of relationships/findings.Practical implicationsThese findings are relevant for organizations given that organizational leaders can create a context, by appropriate job design and engaging work context that motivates employees to perform better in their jobs. Insights of this study will be useful for organizations to curate meaningful jobs for their employees and also groom leaders with requisite skills and competencies to help subordinates perform up to their potential.Originality/valueThis study is an attempt toward a better understanding of the interplay of JM, work engagement and SS on JP in a manufacturing set-up in India, which has not been hitherto examined in Indian context.

A study of Epidemiological Characteristicsand Weather Elements influencing COVID-19 Positive Autopsy Cases Studied at B.H.U, Varanasi, U.P

The ongoing Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has prevailed andcontinues to persist in the country and the world despite all preventive and regulatory measures taken by thegovernment, health care and at an individual level. It does beg the question, why?It can be safely attributed to the fact that we are still learning about the epidemiological factors, thevirological characteristics, clinical profile and the transmission dynamics of the disease. The situation isparticularly challenging when we are coupling research to answer these questions while taking on board,precautionary measures to contain the tumultuous morbidities and mortality by rationing the scarce resourcesand manpower. The present study aims to provide an auxiliary insight into the epidemiological, topographicand weatherelements influencing COVID-19 from the 34 COVID-19 positive dead bodies sent for autopsyto Department of Forensic Medicine at Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University from 1 Feb2020 to 31 March 2021. It also examines the counter productiveness for autopsy in certified cases of deathwith COVID-19 positive status in a common mortuary setup in India.

The second wave of COVID-19: Rapid establishment of an isolation unit at a tertiary care setup in India

The second wave of COVID-19: Rapid establishment of an isolation unit at a tertiary care setup in India

Changes in Content of Online Teaching in pre and during COVID-19 Era: A Comparative Analysis in Private School Setup in India

The process of teaching and learning through online or virtual mode has been gradually becoming an important part of the Indian education sector. Teachers and students in higher education have already been effectively using online education mode to optimize the learning process. Schools, too, have been using educational technologies in many ways at all levels and across all grades. But with the unexpected worldwide spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2020, a sudden exponential boom has come in the online teaching set up. Until now, online teaching was assumed to be an aid to the teaching-learning transactions and was immediately adopted as the only way out, to continue with the pedagogical process in schools and colleges. This research attempts to make a comparative analysis of the changes in various aspects of online teaching before and during the COVID-19 era, including content development and delivery and type of information shared with students in private schools of NCR of India. Data collected by the investigator from school teachers about their usage of online methodologies from 2017 will be compared with school teachers’ data in August 2020, and its educational implications will be discussed.

Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (QOL) Among Patients with Tracheostomy Using WHO-QOL BREF Questionnaire.

Tracheostomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide. The placement of tracheostomy in a patient is associated with significant morbidities as apart from the physical impact of the procedure, a profound and persistent effect on psychosocial, financial, environmental and other aspects of global health of the patient becomes inevitable. However, there is a surprising paucity of literature assessing the Quality of Life (QOL) in patients with tracheostomy tube placement. This study was undertaken with the objective to assess the effect of tracheostomy on Quality of Life (QOL) of patients in an urban tertiary health care setup in India. Patients who underwent tracheostomy tube placement irrespective of the indication were included in the study and followed up for a period of up to 3months to determine the effect of tracheostomy tube placement on the Quality of Life. A questionnaire based on World Health Organisation (WHO) QOL BREF scheme was utilized to evaluate QOL in the immediate post operative period and again appraised after a period of 3months. The results were statistically analyzed, tabulated and compared using paired t test to evaluate the 'p' value in every domain i.e., physical, social, psychological and environmental, of the WHO QOL-BREF evaluation tool. 63 patients were enrolled in the study after excluding the patients not fulfilling the selection criteria. The majority of patients were male over the age of 50years (mean age 57years). There was a noteworthy depreciation in QOL score in patients as WHO-QOL-BREF scores in all the 4 domains were significantly lower after 3months. The most affected were the Environmental domain (p value 5E-15) whereas the domain of Psychological showed least depreciation of mean QOL score (p value 7.7E-5). Insertion of a tracheostomy tube has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patient and the amount of burden increases with worsening quality of life. A holistic and scientific approach to assess and manage tracheostomy induced morbidity on the patient is necessary. The patients' views of the aspects of life should be used by health policy makers, clinicians, and caregivers as a reliable guide to the most important priorities for treatment and medical interventions. Large prospective multicenter studies may be undertaken for the developement of a standardized and internationally accepted tracheostomy specific quality of life evaluation tool.

Study of Prevelance and Pattern of Senserineural Hearing Impairment in Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Haemodialysis- at a Tertiary Health Care Setup in India

Study of Prevelance and Pattern of Senserineural Hearing Impairment in Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Haemodialysis- at a Tertiary Health Care Setup in India

Strategies to tackle by primary care physicians to mental health issues in India in COVID-19 pandemic.

Dear editor, Today India is facing the highest-burden and consequences to the Covid-19 pandemic. Everyone has been impacted and in stress related to economic issues, health issues, family issues, and social issues, etc., This kind of stress may further lead to mental health issues. COVID, lockdown, quarantine consequent increasing mental health burden worldwide. Policymakers should rethink for primary health care and primary health care warriors fighting with limited resources at the rural setup in India. There are observed very limited mental health facilities available in rural India. A study published by Jitendra Rohilla et al. highlighted a very important issue of primary care physicians approach for the mental health impact of COVID -19. He focused on the importance of the role of telemedicine as a supportive tool in this crisis.[1] He concluded that knowledge of common mental health conditions and psychotropics and liaison with mental health specialist through telemedicine could be a suitable approach for family physicians treating patients suffering from both psychological and medical disorders.[1] Herewith we would like to add the following strategies that could be helpful to tackle primary care Physicians to mental health issues in India in COVID-19 pandemic and making it more simplified, realistic, usable, etc. Utilization of regular mobile applications by primary care physicians like WhatsApp, WhatsApp calling, Zoom, Google Meet, etc., These may lead to direct increasing person to person communications, sharing of diagnostic reports, medication reports, etc. Arrangement of webinars (short duration) for primary care physicians on dedicated mental health issues, current scenarios, counseling management by state authorities, regional centers, tertiary care centers, Rotary clubs, medical Institutions, by local IMA forums, etc. Releasing counseling seminars, discussion forum program on local Radio, FM channels. Connect the physicians in groups and making regional networking with ICT (Information and communication technology) enabled tools. Circulation of PDF files, videos, multimedia content or e-content with the latest information related to mental health. Preparation of mental health hotline by government agencies. Developing specialized mobile applications dedicated to a mental health issue with the private partnership by government authorities. Arrangement of yoga sessions, laughter club sessions at COVID centers with proper measurements. Though in real government or policymakers has very little attention over this issue. These few simple measures can receive extensive important support in the current situation to the primary health care system and dedicated warriors. Their motivation, support care, improving knowledge will surely help in reducing mental health-related burdens. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

SPORT WORKOUT AND PARTICIPATION ASSOCIATED MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS AMONG ADOLESCENT ATHLETES OF ALIGARH

Background: Menstruation and related problems are issues of great importance for adolescent athletes. The concern becomes more crucial when it comes to the sports participation of athletes. The social and cultural setup in India leaves very less space for adolescent athletes to talk freely about menstruation. This raises a great concern regarding menstruation from health perspective. Objectives: To study sport workout and participation associated menstrual problems among adolescent athletes. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire based survey study was carried out during open sports meet 2017 in Aligarh, India. A sample of 158 girl athletes participated in this study. Data was collected using a 23-item semi structured questionnaire. Data collection lasted for two weeks and analysis was done using descriptive statistics, percentages and proportions. Results: Showed that the mean age of menarche was 13.5 years. 37.19% had irregular menstrual cycle. 73.23% (20.11% severe and 53.12% mild) athletes had abdominal pain and cramping during menstruation. While, mere, 7.98% athletes seek any medical practitioner or OB-GYN about their menstruation problems. 56.97% athletes think that sports training and participation effect their menstrual periods. 49.78% reported that diet provided to them was not well balanced and 59.09% reported that imbalanced diet had caused many problems like that of irregular menstrual periods, dizziness, sleeping difficulties, mood swings, constipation and feelings of depression to them. Conclusion: The knowledge of the participants of this study about the menstruation and related problems was very weak and did not know the safe maintenance procedures. They also have the ill faith that sports participation hampers the menstrual periods. Besides this the significant weight loss could be due to training load and dietary imbalances. This seems to have had played major role in the irregularity of the menstrual cycles.

Fruit Bageecha: A Case Study of Coprenuership in a Rural Setup of India

Fruit Bageecha: A Case Study of Coprenuership in a Rural Setup of India

Prevalence and Profile of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in an Indian Cohort.

To determine the profile of CSCR patients from a tertiary health care set-up in India. A total of 2780 (2447 males and 333 females) patients with a diagnosis of CSCR were included. Data regarding the demographics, profile of CSCR and systemic diseases, if any, were collected from a tertiary eye care network in South India from January 2012 to December 2016. The prevalence of CSCR was found to be 1.7% (A total 2780 patients, with mean age of 42.3±10.1 years). A total of 2031 patients had a unilateral and 749 had bilateral involvement. Acute and chronic CSCR was seen in 1932 (69.5%) and 848 (30.5%) eyes respectively. The mean uncorrected visual acuity of the patients was 0.51±0.45 log MAR (Snellen equivalent 20/60) while the mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.32±0.40 log MAR (Snellen equivalent 20/40). History of smoking and steroid use was present in 214 (7.7%) and 758 (27.3%) individuals respectively. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus was present in 106 (3.8%) and 51 (1.8%) patients respectively. Most of patients {824 (29.6%) patients} were shift-workers. Laser was done in 336 (12.1%) acute and 223 (8%) chronic CSCR patients. Photodynamic therapy was used in 12 acute and 12 chronic cases. Prevalence of CSCR was 1.7%. The study provides an overview of patient profile among Indian subjects.

Old is gold: Krukenberg operation performed in a tertiary setup in India for the rehabilitation of the amputated hand of a poor patient.

It is a known fact that a disabled person is a greater burden to society than a dead person. Krukenberg operation, first described by German army surgeon in 1917, Hermann Krukenberg, converts a forearm stump into a pincer, so as to retain some dexterity of the hand rather than it being reduced to a mere stump. We report this case of Krukenberg operation performed in a tertiary care setup, wherein an amputated forearm stump was converted into a functional pincer that can result in huge advantage for poor amputee patients in developing countries who rely heavily on the functionality of their hands to earn their everyday meal and are unable to bear the expense of costly prosthesis. One such patient, a 25-year-old male hailing from a very poor background who came to us with traumatic amputation of his dominant hand.

Ponseti Technique for the Management of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in a Rural Set-Up in India: Experience of 356 Patients.

Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot, is a complex congenital deformity of the foot that, left untreated, can limit a person’s mobility by making it difficult and painful to walk. Worldwide, 80% of children born with clubfoot are in low- and middle-income countries. The management of clubfoot has a long history. Non-operative management did not become popular, as an increasing number of orthopaedists started leaning towards surgical treatment. The late Dr. Ignacio Ponseti developed a method of clubfoot correction that successfully realigns clubfoot in infants without extensive and major surgery. The aim of the study was to assess the functional outcome of CTEV management by the Ponseti technique, to study the severity of CTEV deformity using the Pirani score, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the technique. A total of 356 cases with 402 feet with CTEV were treated by the Ponseti method. The average age of the children and the number of casts applied before full correction were 4.03 months and 6.91, respectively. There was a good functional outcome in 95.45% of cases (score > 30) at the last follow up. The management of CTEV by the Ponseti technique provides a good functional and cosmetic outcome. In a developing country like India, this technique is a safe, easy, economical method of clubfoot management.