Study Of Settlement Patterns Research Articles

Study of Settlement Patterns in Farming–Pastoral Zones in Eastern Inner Mongolia Using Planar Quantization and Cluster Analysis

Settlements are comprehensive carriers of the material form expression and social appearance of human activities under specific geographical environmental choices. The analysis and preservation of their forms are important principles and strategies for rural settlement planning and construction. In this study, 28 settlements in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia were selected as the research objects. By combining fractal geometry and computer programming, the relationship between the boundary form, spatial structure, and architectural order of the settlements was quantitatively expressed, and quantitative indicators that better summarize the form of the settlements in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia were extracted. Then, factor analysis and cluster analysis were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS26.0) to obtain the characteristic types of settlement forms. Finally, the classification results were combined with social and humanistic factors and the geographical environment to test the rationality of the results. The results show that (1) five form indicators effectively describe the settlement forms in the research area, among which the shape index, dimension of the public space, and architectural density play a crucial role in the spatial structure factors. (2) In this study, we mainly used a data collection and processing–principal component extraction and systematic clustering-type division method to complete scientific research on settlement form classification. (3) By combining the clustering results with the spatial form features and analysis mainly based on spatial structure factors, the settlement forms in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia are described as three typical types: multidirectional expanding settlement, settlement patterns extending at both ends, and centripetal development settlement. Furthermore, the characteristics of the human–land relationship implicit in each type of settlement form are explained, achieving a scientific representation and classification of the settlement forms. The research results provide useful quantitative guidance for rural revitalization, settlement form optimization, and preservation in the farming–pastoral zones in eastern Inner Mongolia

Regional household variation and inequality across the Maya landscape

The emergence and expansion of inequality have been topics of household archaeology for decades. Traditionally, this question has been informed by ethnographic, ethnohistoric and/or comparative studies. Within sites and regions, comparative physical, spatial, and architectural studies of households offer an important baseline of information about status, wealth, and well-being, especially in the Maya lowlands where households are accessible in the archaeological record. Between sites, more research is necessary to assess how these physical measurements of household remains compare. This paper investigates the intersection of landscape, household, and community based on a multi-scalar analysis of households using the Gini index across southeastern Mexico, in the context of a broader study of land use, land management, and settlement patterns. Notably, this paper represents a region-wide analysis of nearly continuous LiDAR data within and outside of previously documented prehispanic Maya settlements. While we conclude that the Gini index is useful for establishing a comparative understanding of settlement, we also recognize that the index is a starting point to identify other ways to study how household to community-level social and economic variability intersects with diverse ecological patterns. Highlighting the opportunities and limitations with applying measures like the Gini index across culturally, temporally, and geographically heterogeneous areas, we illustrate how systematic studies of settlement can be coupled to broader studies of landscape archaeology to interpret changing patterns of land management and settlement across the Maya lowlands.

Reconstructing long-term settlement histories on complex alluvial floodplains by integrating historical map analysis and remote-sensing: an archaeological analysis of the landscape of the Indus River Basin

Alluvial floodplains were one of the major venues of the development and long-term transformation of urban agrarian-based societies. The historical relationship between human societies and riverine environments created a rich archaeological record, but it is one that is not always easy to access due to the dynamism of alluvial floodplains and the geomorphological processes driven their hydrological regimes. Alluvial floodplains are also targeted for urban and agricultural expansion, which both have the potential to pose threats to cultural heritage and the environment if not carefully managed. Analysis that combines Historical Cartography and Remote Sensing sources to identify potential archaeological sites and river palaeochannels is an important first step towards the reconstruction of settlement patterns in different historical periods and their relationship to the history of hydrological networks. We are able to use different computational methods to great effect, including algorithms to enhance the visualization of different features of the landscape; and for processing large quantity of data using Machine-Learning based methods. Here we integrate those methods for the first time in a single study case: a section of the Indus River basin. Using a combined approach, it has been possible to map the historical hydrological network in a detail never achieved before and identify hundreds of potential archaeological sites previously unknown. Discussing these datasets together, we address the interpretation of the archaeological record, and highlight how Remote Sensing approaches can inform future research, heritage documentation, management, and preservation. The paper concludes with a targeted analysis of our datasets in the light of previous field-based research in order to provide preliminary insights on how long-term processes might have re-worked historical landscapes and their potential implications for the study of settlement patterns in different Historical periods in this region, thereby highlighting the potential for such integrated approaches.

From settlement patterns to memory of place among Holocene hunter-gatherers at Sai Island, Middle Nile Valley

ABSTRACT Persistent places are the locations where people aggregate, utilise and reuse natural or built features and develop their social identities and interactions. A network of persistent places forms interconnected persistent settlement patterns, which create a humanly made or storied landscape with a shared community-based memory of place. Although it has been demonstrated that persistent settlement patterns long preceded the onset of Neolithic farming villages, the Levant has received the most attention regarding this perspective. At the same time, Africa still needs to be addressed. This paper provides an illustrative case study of persistent settlement patterns created by Holocene hunter-gatherers in the Middle Nile Valley of Sudan. It employs geostatistical patterning and visual mapping of an extensive collection of different classes of artefacts (lithic industry, hammerstones, ground stone tools and pottery) from a well-preserved Khartoum Variant site on Sai Island and correlates them to complex architectural features exposed on an archaeological surface (Level 1) at site 8-B-10C dating to the early fifth millennium cal. BC. The combination of multiple in-depth geostatistical analyses of a complex habitation system successfully documents an exceptionally preserved planned intra-site settlement organisation maintained over several generations, revealing a memory of place.

Study of Generic Settlement Pattern in the Bengal Delta

Study of Generic Settlement Pattern in the Bengal Delta

Environmental Influences on the Settlements Patterns of Communities in the Marshes of Iraq

In the field of residential community planning, one of the appropriate places to study the mutual influences between man and the environment, away from the influences, concepts and mechanisms of contemporary planning theories are isolated environments in rural areas, and the marshlands in Iraq represent one of these models. These areas still retain the planning patterns of residential communities for thousands of years. This research attempts to conduct a descriptive study of traditional settlement patterns, which relied on the capabilities of the surrounding areas to provide planning and architectural solutions based on the environmental factor. Establishing such a clear framework for these impacts can help in any future interventions or development processes in the region and ensure that any random or irregular interventions that may have occurred previously are not repeated. Which will preserve the components and sustainability of this ecosystem and maintain the harmony and integration between the elements of the architectural environment and the natural elements.

Study of Settlement Pattern of Dungarpur District of Rajasthan

The settlement indicates the spatial pattern of the human's functional activities at the local level, including residence, street structure, community areas, etc. Settlements represent one of the most dominant features made by men on the earth in the process of habitation. In the genetic term, settlements are the almost permanent abode of an organism. They represent "An organized colony of human beings together with the buildings, paths, and streets over which they travel." The settlement pattern is also an essential aspect of settlement geography for research. Within a particular region, different types of settlement patterns were found. The settlement pattern is controlled by various socio-economic, climatic, and different factors. In this research, the authors attempt to highlight the various settlements' patterns, sizes, and responsible factors.

Study of indigenous village settings in Bali

Traditional villages in Bali are traditional villages that are unique, especially in their settlement patterns which are integrated with local culture. Currently these settlements still exist and are well maintained. The research objective of the study of settlement patterns in traditional villages in Bali is to determine the settlement patterns of traditional villages in Bali, namely Panglipuran village, Tengahan village and Trunyan village as well as the effort factors that affect the sustainability of settlement patterns in Bali. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method by observing and studying literature. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the formation of the settlement patterns of the three traditional villages are (1) based on the history of settlement formation, (2) regional cosmology, (3) characteristics of house shapes and (4) kinship systems as well as several factors that affect the sustainability of traditional village settlement patterns. in Bali.

Algorithmic Classification and Statistical Modelling of Coastal Settlement Patterns in Mesolithic South-Eastern Norway

This paper presents and contrasts procedures and conceptual underpinnings associated with statistical modelling and machine learning in the study of past locational patterns. This was done by applying the methods of logistic regression and random forest to a case study of coastal Mesolithic settlement patterns in southern Norway—a context that has not been subject to formal locational pattern analysis in the past. While the predictive accuracy of the the two methods was comparable, the different strengths and weaknesses associated with the methods offered a firmer foundation on which to both draw and moderate substantive conclusions. The main findings were that among the considered variables, the exposure of sites was the most important driver of Mesolithic site location in the region, and while there are some small indications of diachronic variation, the differences detected appear to both be of a different and far more modest nature compared to that which has previously been proposed. All employed data, the Python script used to run the analyses in GRASS GIS, as well as the R script used for subsequent statistical analysis is freely available in online repositories, allowing for a complete scrutiny of the steps taken.

LAND MANAGEMENT AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF TERRACES FOR DRY FARMING: THE CASE OF THE SOREQ CATCHMENT, ISRAEL

SummaryThe construction of terrace walls for dry farming in the highlands of the Levant was traditionally associated with demographic growth that caused pressure on available land for cultivation. In this paper we suggest an alternative model and claim that terraces were adopted as a subsistence strategy at periods when land ownership was centralized in the hands of either powerful landowners or managed through complex family‐based cooperation like the Musha system of the Late Antiquity period. This claim is based both on the study of land use and settlement patterns within the Upper Nahal Soreq, north‐west of Jerusalem, where close to 350 excavated or surveyed sites of all kinds were catalogued and mapped, and on the results of an OSL dating project that directly dated the construction of terrace walls for dry farming in the highlands of Jerusalem in general and at the Upper Nahal Soreq catchment in particular.

Types of Municipalities in Russian Federation by Economic Structure and Position in Settlement Pattern

The article considers methodological approaches to the typology of Russian Federation municipalities and it’s practical application in spatial policy. The proposed typology is based on two groups of criteria: municipalities’ position in settlement pattern and economic structure, estimated via employment structure. The study is based on lower-level territorial division data. The article defines the term “agglomeration” important for settlement pattern studies. As a result, each municipality was classified according to it’s socioeconomic and spatial trajectory. It makes possible to estimate the spatial inequality of socioeconomic development at the municipal level. Factors affecting the trajectory of this development was assumed it the article. The results make it possible to consider the specifics of territories for effective policy. Focus transition to the level of municipalities makes it possible to take into account the potential of territories to develop effective spatial policy measures at the federal and regional levels and open additional opportunities for the results evaluation.

A geoarchaeological perspective on the challenges and trajectories of Mississippi Delta communities

Recent geochronology of the Mississippi Delta of coastal Louisiana, USA, provides a high-resolution record of land growth that facilitates the study of ancient settlement patterns in relation to delta evolution. We use stratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to show that two Late Holocene earthen mounds were constructed several hundred years after the land emerged from open water. This multi-century pause allowed natural processes of overbank and crevasse splay deposition to elevate the land surface, reduce flood risk, and foster desirable environmental conditions prior to human occupation. These results are applied to obtain new age constraints for a large number of at-risk or lost archaeological sites with little-to-no absolute chronology. We use our findings to comment on prehistoric, contemporary, and future human-landscape interactions in the Mississippi Delta and other deltaic environments.

Une approche des dynamiques d’implantation des habitats à la fin du Néolithique provençal

L’espace provençal du 3e millénaire av. n. è. laisse entrevoir un certain nombre d’éléments qui mettent en scène la complexité archéologique de la fin du Néolithique. En Provence, le travail de J. Cauliez a ouvert la voie à un cadre chronoculturel plus robuste et tissé une trame plus diversifiée des composantes céramiques de la fin du Néolithique. Cependant, les dernières analyses des vestiges archéologiques liés à ces contextes requièrent à notre sens une étude complémentaire fondée sur les logiques d’implantation des sites d’habitat afin de mieux saisir l’ensemble des mécanismes socio-culturels émergeant à l’aube de l’âge du Bronze. Grâce à la mise en place d’une base de données relationnelle couplée à un système d’information géographique, il a été possible de générer de nouvelles informations spatiales sur un corpus de sites du Néolithique final provençal (260 gisements appartenant strictement au Néolithique final, et respectivement, 8, 19, 29 et 7 gisements attribués aux 4 horizons définis par J. Cauliez). Ainsi, après des analyses statistiques multivariées exploratoires sur les données spatiales, il a été possible de caractériser finement les implantations de chacun des gisements étudiés à l’échelle de la Provence et de dégager des tendances principales dans les choix d’installation de ces populations à partir du milieu du 3e millénaire av. n. è.

Георгий Михайлович Лаппо (1923–2020): вехи биографии и научное наследие

The article is dedicated to the memory of the great Russian scientist, maitre of the urban studies Prof. G.M. Lappo (1923–2020). He made a huge contribution to the settlement pattern studies, Russian urban geography, and human geography, in general. Stages of the scientific biography of Prof. G. Lappo are analyzed and compared. The list of main publications for the entire period of his scientific research (since 1956 until 2019) is compiled. Territorial scope and major fields of the Prof. G. Lappo’s research are highlighted for various periods of his scientific activity. In the publication, special attention is paid to the Prof. Lappo’s books (scientific monographs) and their significance for the Soviet and Russian urban studies. The particular importance for the Russian human geography of the “settlement pattern framework” concept developed by Prof. G. Lappo is stressed.

Using Multistaged Magnetic Survey and Excavation to Assess Community Settlement Organization: A Case Study from the Central Peninsular Gulf Coast of Florida

AbstractIntegrating geophysical survey with the study of community settlement patterns can be challenging because of cultural and environmental factors including (1) site formation and house preservation, (2) the coordination of domestic tasks at extra-household scales, and (3) the survey environment of the study area. In this article, we present the results of a program of geophysical survey comprising magnetic susceptibility and magnetometry at Weeden Island (8Pi1)—a shell-bearing, wooded site with nearly pure sand soils on the Gulf Coast of Florida. Combining remote sensing techniques mitigated some of the challenges of surveying forested terrain while providing insight into community organization at a site with minimal preserved structural remains. Compared with previous traditional surveys of the area, the geophysical survey extended the recognized boundaries of occupational activity, provided additional definition to the spatial structure of deposits, and allowed us to identify specific domestic features. Excavations at each area of intensive occupation provided evidence about the organization of the domestic economy at the site and showed the potential of this approach to reveal significant patterns of community settlement.

Recent methodological approaches to regional settlement pattern survey in the Eurasian steppes

The Eurasian steppes present the following challenges for conducting regional settlement pattern surveys: low artifact densities, poor surface visibility, the need to cover unusually large territories. There are indicators that the survey methods traditionally employed in the steppes - surface collection, aerial photography, and excavation of 1 × 1 m test pits - are inefficient when it comes to dealing with such challenges. This paper describes an alternative adaptive systematic shovel testing methodology developed in the context of a 40 sq. km settlement pattern study conducted in the Southern Urals region of Russia. My study has utilized all of the aforementioned survey techniques simultaneously over the same areas and found that systematic shovel testing was more effective than the other three methods in determining how Bronze Age (2050–1400 BCE) populations distributed their residences across a regional-scale landscape. In particular, the new technique was more effective in detecting occupation areas and generating paleodemographic proxies.

How Maya Archaeologists Discovered the 99% Through the Study of Settlement Patterns

This article presents an autobiographical perspective on the changing nature of Maya archaeology, focusing on the role of settlement pattern studies in illuminating the lives of commoners as well as on the traditional emphasis on the ruling elite. Advances in understanding the nature of nonelite peoples in ancient Maya society are discussed, as are the many current gaps in scholarly understandings of pre-Columbian Maya civilization, especially with regard to the diversity of ancient “commoners” and the difficulty in analyzing them as a single group.

Analysis of Settlement’s Spread Pattern Based on Physiographic Condition in Nagari Balah Aie Timur Kecamatan VII Koto Sungai Sarik Kabupaten Padan Pariaman

The existing settlement patterns in Indonesia are generally divided into three types, namely linear pattern, radial pattern and a pattern of concentric circles which exist and are influenced by factors of natural resources or fisiografi. The pattern of the village or settlement is a settlement in the distribution of the specificity of the phenomenon of space or territory, against the peculiarities are the forms individually as well as settlement spread from individual neighborhood clusters. Climate factors, the State of the soil, the water, topography, availability of natural resources as well as the population in a region made the distinctiveness or character on settlement patterns at a village/nagari/head, it is interesting to know the pattern of the spread of settlements Nagari Balah Aie Aie Balah Eastern Nagari and, using the research method used for this research is a descriptive qualitative approach to case studies (case study) of distinct physiographic Shaper settlement patterns that exist in nagari such. The research results obtained from the research field that is viewed and measured settlements are there in 2 (two) the nagari namely Nagari Balah Aie and Aie Balah Eastern Nagari and on aspects of the existing fisiografi and Non-Fisiografi, and count formulas nearest neighbor (T = Ju/Jh), with the result declared distribution pattern of settlement in Nagari Balah Aie Aie Balah Eastern Nagari and "Uniform forms of settlement patterns extends way".

Middle Atlantic Prehistory: Foundations and Practice, by Heather A. Wholey and Carole L. Nash

<i>Middle Atlantic Prehistory: Foundations and Practice</i>, by Heather A. Wholey and Carole L. Nash

The Armstrongs of Manorhamilton and West Gwillimbury: A Study of Settlement and Migration Patterns of Irish Immigrants to Upper Canada

This article considers the land transactions, occupations, and last known residence of three brothers, Protestant landed gentry from Manorhamilton, Leitrim County, Ireland, who arrived in West Gwillimbury, Simcoe County, Upper Canada (Ontario) in 1819, 1822, and 1825, and of their sons, sons-in-law, and grandchildren. At least one aspired to a large estate, but none acquired more land than they needed for themselves and their sons. Most of their children (all born in Ireland) or their husbands farmed in Ontario, most in Simcoe County, but their grandchildren dispersed widely across North America and less than half remained in farming.