Set Of Stressors Research Articles

(469) The High Incidence of Female Orgasmic Disorder Secondary to Premature Ejaculation in South Florida

Abstract Introduction Premature ejaculation (PE), according to the ISSM Committee, is defined as ejaculation with vaginal penetration that always or nearly always occurs prior to or within about one minute from the beginning of a sexual encounter, together with the inability to retard ejaculation with vaginal penetration. As a result, the personal life of an affected individual may be negatively impacted, with the consequences of distress, bother, frustrations, and/or avoidance of sexual intimacy. However, there are multiple factors to consider and not all sexologists, psychologists, and therapists agree about a clear and complete definition of PE. This, in turn, makes it more difficult to have clear statistics of the incidence, prevalence, and frequency of this disorder. On the other hand, Female Orgasmic Disorder (FOD) is defined as difficulty, delay, or inability for a woman to reach orgasm in a sexual encounter or the reduced frequency and/or intensity of orgasm. While PE and FOD are usually described separately in the medical literature, we have found in both the sexological literature and in practice that women with FOD are frequently the partners of men with PE. Objective The objective of this review is to address the increased incidence of FOD secondary to PE in the South Florida Latin-American population, its impact in the sexual function of both male and female partners in their relationship, and the possible reasons for the difference between the Latin-American community and the General population of the United States of America. Methods This is a retrospective review of the sexological literature and the statistics we have collected from patients over the last 20 years, in which around 80% of cases of women with FOD are due to PE in their partner. Results Nationally speaking, the frequency of FOD secondary to PE has been reported to generally run between 35-50% in reproductive aged women. Throughout the years we have noticed that this frequency is markedly higher in the Latin-American population of South Florida, reaching 79.6% of cases. Conclusions We do not have a clear explanation for this important difference between the General population of the United States and the Latin-American population of South Florida, but we know that the Latin-American population in this area is exposed to a great number of stressors. One such set of stressors that may be a contributing to the increased incidence is known as the “Immigrant’s Syndrome,” a set of circumstances which includes sexual dysfunction as one of its components. Disclosure No

Restitution of the size of postural features in the frontal plane after loading with the weight of school items carried with the right and left hand in 7-year-old pupils of both sexes

Introduction. The analysis of the pupil’s environment is a set of stressors in the field of human ecology consisting not only of the genetic factor but also of the epigenetic one. Material and methods. The study of body posture was carried out in a group of 65 pupils at the age of 7, using the mora projection method in the following eight positions: (four positions for the right-hand thrust and four for the left-hand thrust): 1- habitual posture, 2 - posture after pulling a container with school supplies with one hand for 10 minutes, 3 – one minute after removing the load, 4 - two minutes after removing the load. The measurement of physical fitness was performed using the Sekita test. Results. The significance of differences between measurement 1, 2, 3, and 4 was analysed to determine the restitution of the size of traits after loading and their correlation with physical fitness to examine the relationship with the studied differences. Conclusions. (1) After removing the load, statistically significant restitution occurred after the first and second minute. Restitution was incomplete. (2) In right-hand carriage by boys, endurance significantly correlated with restitution, and among girls it was additionally speed and agility. As regards girls, physical fitness revealed more frequent relationships with restitution. (3) In left-hand carriage by boys, after the first minute, restitution correlated with endurance, power, agility and overall physical fitness, and after two minutes, additionally with strength, while among girls with strength, power, and endurance. After two minutes, restitution correlated with speed and agility in addition to the abovementioned postural features. As far as girls are concerned, physical fitness more often correlated with restitution. (4) Due to incomplete restitution after one and two minutes, asymmetrical carriage is not recommended to children aged 7 years. Physical fitness demonstrated by children does not lead to full restitution of the examined postural features, which suggests its low level and immature correctional and compensational processes.

Children's Mental Health in a Pandemic-Altered World: Technology's Evolving Role

Children's Mental Health in a Pandemic-Altered World: Technology's Evolving Role

The association of parentification indicators with substance use patterns among military-connected adolescents.

Military-connected youths are a vulnerable population exposed to a unique set of stressors, which may put them at increased risk for adverse mental and behavioral health outcomes, compared to their civilian counterparts. Among military-connected adolescents, emotional and instrumental parentification are mechanisms hypothesized to account for negative outcomes, including substance use. However, parentification may be protective in some cultures and has not been examined in the military population. Data were drawn from 1,441 7th-, 9th-, and 11th-graders who had a parent in the military and completed the 2013 California Healthy Kids Survey. Latent class analysis was used to examine patterns of instrumental parentification indicators among military-connected youths and associated patterns of substance use. Military-connected students in the high parentification class were significantly less likely to be in the frequent polysubstance using class (odds ratio = 0.376, 95% confidence interval [0.180, 0.782]). Findings suggest that experiences of instrumental parentification, including having more responsibilities at home, being more independent, and being able to solve problems better than peers, may be protective. For military-connected youths, these skills, developed in the context of their families, may translate to better coping with other stressful situations. Professionals may be able to build on these strengths and develop adaptive coping strategies to support military-connected youths in managing the stressors of wartime military life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Dynamic ensemble prediction of cognitive performance in spaceflight

During spaceflight, astronauts face a unique set of stressors, including microgravity, isolation, and confinement, as well as environmental and operational hazards. These factors can negatively impact sleep, alertness, and neurobehavioral performance, all of which are critical to mission success. In this paper, we predict neurobehavioral performance over the course of a 6-month mission aboard the International Space Station (ISS), using ISS environmental data as well as self-reported and cognitive data collected longitudinally from 24 astronauts. Neurobehavioral performance was repeatedly assessed via a 3-min Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT-B) that is highly sensitive to the effects of sleep deprivation. To relate PVT-B performance to time-varying and discordantly-measured environmental, operational, and psychological covariates, we propose an ensemble prediction model comprising of linear mixed effects, random forest, and functional concurrent models. An extensive cross-validation procedure reveals that this ensemble outperforms any one of its components alone. We also identify the most important predictors of PVT-B performance, which include an individual's previous PVT-B performance, reported fatigue and stress, and temperature and radiation dose. This method is broadly applicable to settings where the main goal is accurate, individualized prediction of human behavior involving a mixture of person-level traits and irregularly measured time series.

The impact of a school backpack's weight, which is carried on the back of a 7-year-old students of both sexes, on the features of body posture in the frontal plane

BackgroundThe lifestyle of children has a significant impact on the future health of the whole society. Therefore, health education, prevention and monitoring of health determinants is important at every stage of ontogenesis. This requires a thorough knowledge of the schoolchild's environment, perceived as a wide set of stressors, including not only genetic but also epigenetic factors. One of them is the issue of the correct and abnormal body posture at school and on the way there. The goal of the study was to show the influence of the weight of the back carried container with school supplies on body posture.MethodThe research was carried out as part of a project that examined the impact of carrying weights, which are school supplies, by children on their posture. The research material consisted of data obtained from a group of 65 students (35 girls, 30 boys) aged 7 years. Body posture tests were carried out, using the projection moiré method in 4 positions: 1-habitual posture, 2-posture after 10-min of asymmetric axial load, 3-a posture after 1 min of the load removal, 4-a posture after two minutes of the load removal. Physical fitness was measured with the Sekita test. The obtained data were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe significance of differences between the 1st and 2nd measurements was analyzed to determine the impact of the backpack load and the correlation with physical fitness, and to study its influence on the value of the differences in posture features. Considering the differences in the volume of posture features among boys between the 1st and 2nd measurement, the Wilcoxon’s rank test showed a statistically significant difference in the range of all analyzed variables, except for the torso bend angle to the right (KNT+), where no statistically significant change was noted. A statistically significant difference in the volume of all analyzed variables was observed among the girls.ConclusionsCarrying school supplies on the back induces significant changes in the value of the features describing the body posture in the frontal plane. The greater weight of the container and carrying time, and intensity of physical effort is the greater the changes will be. Physical fitness has a various and sex-dependent influence on the value of changes in body posture features because of carrying school supplies. Among boys it significantly affects the asymmetry of the torso bend, shoulder height, the waist triangles height and width, whereas among girls it affects the asymmetry of the shoulders and the distance of the angles of the lower shoulder blades from the line of the spinous processes of the spine. Among boys the changes in the value of posture features are mostly influenced by endurance and speed, but strength, power and agility are of lower influence, whereas among girls only agility matters.

Functional responses of Odonata larvae to human disturbances in neotropical savanna headwater streams

Headwater streams are facing increasing disturbances from human pressures worldwide, thus better knowledge about bioindicators, particularly aquatic insect responses to various pressures and stressors, are urgently needed. Multiple trait-based approaches consider species attributes filtered by the environment, allowing them to persist in ecosystems under environmental pressures. Because this approach has been minimally explored in Odonata larvae, we aimed to understand how anthropogenic stressors structure Odonata larval assemblages in neotropical savanna streams by using multiple trait-based approaches. We hypothesized that a set of stressors--such as reduced substrate heterogeneity, poor water quality, natural land cover converted to pasture and agriculture, and reduced local riparian canopy cover--select Odonata functional traits. We collected 3209 Odonata larvae from 186 neotropical savanna headwater stream sites and used 39 environmental variables and seven traits in 23 categories related to their functional roles in Odonata genera. To assess associations between trait categories and environmental variables, we applied RLQ and fourth-corner statistical analyses. We found strong relationships between environmental variables and sets of Odonata biological traits that were separated into two main groups. Zygoptera genera (Perilestes, Allopodagrion, Heliocharis, Argia, Epipleoneura, Mnesarete/Hetaerina, Psaironeura) have elongated body shapes, caudal lamellae respiration, conforming thermoregulation, and endophytic oviposition. Such traits favor assemblages in conditions similar to reference streams, including denser riparian vegetation, good water quality, and diverse flows and substrate. Therefore, they are more sensitive to changes in those conditions. On the other hand, Anisoptera genera (Gomphoides, Archaeogomphus, Macrothemis, Brechmorhoga, Gynothemis, Phyllocycla) have cylindrical body shapes, internal gill respiration, endothermic thermoregulation, and burrowing behavior. Those traits facilitate their survival in intermediate or disturbed stream sites, characterized by riparian deforestation, increased erosion and siltation, and higher levels of total dissolved solids and conductivity. Therefore, using Odonata larval traits can be a valuable tool for assessing and monitoring anthropogenic impacts on neotropical savanna streams.

The Digital Stressors Scale: Development and Validation of a New Survey Instrument to Measure Digital Stress Perceptions in the Workplace Context

This article reports on the development of an instrument to measure the perceived stress that results from the use and ubiquity of digital technology in the workplace. Based upon a contemporary understanding of stress and a set of stressors that is a substantial update to existing scales, the Digital Stressors Scale (DSS) advances the measurement of digital stress. Initially, 138 items were constructed for the instrument and grouped into a set of 15 digital stressors. Based on a sample of N = 1,998 online questionnaires completed by individuals representative of the US employed population, the scale was refined using exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and PLS-SEM. The resulting and final scale consists of ten stressor categories reflective of one higher-order construct and a total of 50 items. Through a nomological network that includes important outcome variables of digital stress (emotional exhaustion, innovation climate, job satisfaction, user satisfaction) it was then demonstrated that the DSS provides substantial explanatory power, particularly related to emotional exhaustion and user satisfaction. Thus, the DSS constitutes a state-of-the-art self-report instrument to measure the extent of distress appraisal related to digital technologies in the workplace and helps to explain further how and why information and communication technologies can lead to adverse outcomes in individuals, thereby providing the starting point for job related organizational interventions.

The Effect of a School Backpack Mass Back Carried on the Features of Body Posture in the Frontal Plane of 7-year-old Students of Both Sexes

The analysis of the student's environment is a set of stressors in the field of human ecology, which includes not only the genetic factor but also the epigenetic factor. The student's environment plays a significant role in the development of biomechanical disorders of body posture. According to these factors body posture tests were carried out in a group of 65 students aged 7 years, using the projection moiré method in 4 positions: 1-habitual posture, 2-posture after 10-minute of asymmetric axial load, 3-a posture after one minute of the load removal, 4- a posture after two minutes of the load removal. Physical fitness was measured with the Sekita test. The significance of differences between the 1^st and 2^nd measurements was analyzed to determine the impact of the backpack load and the correlation with physical fitness, and to study its influence on the value of the differences in posture features. In conclusion, carrying school supplies on the back induces significant changes in the value of the features describing the body posture in the frontal plane. It should be assumed that the greater the weight of the container and carrying time and intensity of physical effort is the greater the changes will be. Relatedly, it is not recommended to carry school supplies weighing more than 4 kg by first-grade students. Moreover, physical fitness has a various and sex-dependent influence on the value of changes in body posture features because of carrying school supplies. Among boys it significantly affects the asymmetry of the torso bend, shoulder height, the waist triangles height and width, whereas among girls it affects the asymmetry of the shoulders and the distance of the angles of the lower shoulder blades from the line of the spinous processes of the spine. Among boys the changes in the value of posture features are mostly influenced by endurance and speed, but strength, power and agility are of lower influence, whereas among girls only agility matters.

Stress and Coping Among Health Professions Students During COVID-19: A Perspective on the Benefits of Mindfulness.

Many health professions students experience elevated stress and burnout during their professional education and training. With the added challenges of COVID-19, students face a whole new set of stressors. Students in the Spring 2020 semester of our online academic course, “Mindfulness for Healthcare Providers,” began confronting the COVID-19 crisis after several weeks of mindfulness meditation practice as part of the course. Students discussed their experiences using the course discussion boards, providing a unique opportunity to explore the practical application of mindfulness for student well-being during a crisis. Themes from the discussion board revealed a range of novel stressors and concerns due to COVID-19 (physical health, mental health, societal implications, academic and clinical training disruptions). All students reported that mindfulness practice helped them cope by improving specific mindfulness skills (focus, appreciation, cognitive de-centering, non-reactivity). Mindfulness training may be a useful approach to promoting student well-being during a crisis.

Recovery periods during repeated stress impact corticosterone and behavioral responses differently in house sparrows

A number of studies have shown that chronic stress can negatively impact both physiology and behavior in a variety of organisms. What has yet to be extensively explored is whether these changes permanently alter an animal's functioning, or if they can be reversed. In this study, we used wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus) to assess how recovery periods influence the physiological and behavioral impacts of an initial four days and subsequent four days of repeated stressors. Birds were randomly assigned to a recovery group and either experienced 0, 24, or 72 h of recovery between the two sets of stressors (cage rolling and cage tapping). We measured the regulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis by quantifying baseline and stress-induced corticosterone as well as negative feedback strength. We also assessed behavior using neophobia trials to measure how birds altered their approach towards novel objects and their overall activity. Both behavior and corticosterone responses were assessed before the experiment, after the recovery time, and following the final 4 days of stressors. We found that birds that experienced 24 h of recovery had reduced stress-induced corticosterone, but enhanced negative feedback relative to the pre-experiment sample. Additionally, 4 days of stressors was enough to significantly reduce approach latency towards novel objects; however, pre-experiment levels returned with longer periods of recovery. Finally, recovery time did not significantly influence responses to the second 4 days of stressors. Our results indicate that brief recovery periods partially ameliorate the hormonal and behavioral effects of repeated stress.

Фактори ризику непсихотичних психічних та поведінкових розладів в умовах соціального стресу

Актуальність. Соціальна криза,триваючі, протягом майже 4-х років військові дії на Сході України, вимушена трудова міграція населення в пошуках матеріального забезпечення родини, а інколи – єдина можливість вижити в умовах соціально-економічної кризи, призвели до дезадаптації значної частини суспільства.
 Мета. Дослідити фактори ризику непсихотичних психічних та поведінкових розладів серед трудових мігрантів і учасників бойових дій з метою попередження психічних захворювань.
 Результати дослідження. За допомогою скринінг-тесту обстежено 150 осіб – 80 учасників бойових дій і 70 трудових мігрантів. Стресовразливими виявились: 30 учасників бойових дій і 40 трудових мігрантів. Такі фактори ризику, як низький соціально-економічний статус, відсутність у значної частини трудових мігрантів і демобілізованих учасників бойових дій матеріального- роботи на час обстеження, відсутність «повного» порозуміння в родині та підтримки з їх боку призвели до емоційних переживань. «Несправедливість» та «часті» приниження за меншовартісттю у трудових мігрантів провокували появу тривоги та потягу до вживання спитрних напоїв. У демобілізованих учасників бойових дій «байдуже» ставлення до їхніх проблем з боку суспільства викликали дратівливість, агресію, які підсилювалися вживанням психоактивних речовин.
 Висновки. Трудова міграція і участь в бойових діях є надзвичайно сильними стрес-факторами, які виснажують людину і фізично, і психічно та потребують дієвої державної і медичної допомоги.

Impact of Social Networking Sites on Children in Military Families.

Youth in military families experience a relatively unique set of stressors that can put them at risk for numerous psychological and behavior problems. Thus, there is a need to identify potential mechanisms by which children can gain resiliency against these stressors. One potential mechanism that has yet to be empirically studied with military youth is social networking sites (SNSs). SNSs have gained significant popularity among society, especially youth. Given the significance of these communication tools in youths' lives, it is important to analyze how SNS use may affect military youth and their ability to cope with common military life stressors. The current review examines the potential positive and negative consequences associated with SNS use in coping with three common stressors of youth in military families: parent deployment, frequent relocation, and having a family member with a psychological or physical disability. By drawing from SNS and military literature, we predict that SNS use can be a positive tool for helping children in military families to cope with stressors. However, certain SNS behaviors can potentially result in more negative outcomes. Recommendations for future research are also discussed.

Burnout among Portuguese oncology healthcare providers – Differences between pediatric an adult teams

IntroductionBurnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, resulting from the inability to cope with chronic job stress. The literature suggests that staffs working in adult oncology are at risk of burnout. At the same time, research found that pediatric staff experiences a different set of stressors when compared with colleagues working in adult oncology. However, no studies were identified which directly compared prevalence and sources of Burn-out on pediatric and adult oncology staff.ObjectivesTo compare the differences on prevalence and sources of burnout between pediatric and adult oncology multidisciplinary teams.MethodsPediatric and adult oncology professionals, including medical and nursing from a Portuguese oncology center completed the Portuguese version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Data was analyzed using SPSS.ResultsSince the study is currently ongoing the authors will only be able to provide final results and conclusions by the time of submission of our work presentation, in March 2016. However, according to the literature available, we are expecting to found symptoms of Burnout in the superior limit of normality, with differences in the major sources of stress between adult and pediatric professionals.ConclusionThe differences in the challenges experienced by adult and pediatric teams highlight the importance of adequate prevention strategies to specific needs of each unit. Further investigation of stress across a wider range of professional disciplines is required in order to explore this gap.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Social and psychological state of the Chornobyl clean/up workers. Risk factors for negative changes

To study social and psychological state of the Chornobyl cleanup workers 1986-1987, and to determine regularities of changes and dangerous risk factors. On the basis of Polyclinic of Radiation Registry, NRCRM, we conducted sample epidemiolog ical study of social and psychological state of the Chornobyl clean up workers 1986-1987. We used method of inter viewing based on «questionnaire», specially developed for this purpose. The study was conducted in October 2013 - May 2015. The sample numbered 235 males aged 18-50 at the time of the accident. Their average age was (31.3 ± 5.3) years at the time of the accident and (58.9 ± 5.3) at the time of survey. The results revealed that the Chornobyl nuclear accident and its consequences caused strong social and psychological stress among clean up workers 1986-1987. We have identified a set of factors closely related to the Chornobyl accident, they have caused a sustainable development of mental syndrome - «Anxiety about their own health and the health of family members, especially children». The other set of stressors which are not closely relat ed to the Chornobyl accident but are the result of the social and economic, social and political situation in the coun try. However the former was found to be the cause of such a psychological state as «dissatisfaction with the com pleteness and quality of life». Social and psychological state of the Chornobyl clean up workers 1986-1987 is estimated as «poor» and it integrally can be characterized as a state of chronic psychosocial stress. Mental syndrome «Anxiety about per sonal health and the health of family members» and psychological syndrome «Dissatisfaction with living condi tions» are main consequences of this state. We identified the main stressors closely related to the consequences of the Chornobyl accident as well as those that are not related to the accident but affect profoundly the level of men tal, social and physical well being. Results of the research are of great importance in organization and provision of social, medical and antiradiation protection of population under emergency situations involving radiation exposure. Key words: Chornobyl accident, clean up workers, social and psychological state, risk factors.

Cumulative Health Risk Assessment: Finding New Ideas and Escaping from the Old Ones

ABSTRACTCumulative risk assessment (CRA) is an emergent tool for organizing and analyzing scientific information to examine, characterize, and possibly quantify adverse health outcomes from combined effects of exposure to diverse environmental factors, including both chemical and nonchemical stressors. This article examines the implementation of effects-based CRA, which emphasizes evaluating health risks in a defined community or population, as opposed to stressor-based approaches, which focus on determining health risks for a defined set of stressors. It discusses the concept of vulnerability-based CRA as a potentially useful alternative, reviews the conceptual constructs that underpin CRA, surveys the diversity of methods available for putting effects-based principles into practice, identifies impediments hindering practical applications, and examines ways to make effects-based CRA more feasible.

Towards a relational perspective - A practical and practice-based discussion on health and wellbeing amongst a sample of Barristers

The particular set of stressors faced by barristers (as reported during counselling) often results in a private fear that they will unravel in some way. Typically the fear is experienced within the professional sphere and is accompanied, and exacerbated, by a hyper-vigilant stance towards their environment in a way not dissimilar to sufferers of post-traumatic stress. Barrister clients tend to be extremely self-critical. The threat of judgment is also of course a very real part of their professional life as is intense conflict. The combination of this professional reality with an over-utilized (at least in the personal domain) critical facility is detrimental to their wellbeing and psychological health. Unchecked, the continual interaction of these two factors can lead to levels of extreme stress. One of the contributors to this stress seems to be the experience of an impoverished ability to connect both to the self and to others. It is suggested that this impact on the relational domain may be connected to the over-use of a number of strategies originally adopted as protective in the face of inherently conflicting personal and professional demands. It has become increasingly clear that the relational domain is an area of particular need in the work with barristers who attend counselling and one of potential importance in the area of preventative health and wellbeing generally. The consideration of balance, both internal and external, is a critical factor in both the creation and management of these difficult issues.

Children's vagal regulatory capacity predicts attenuated sympathetic stress reactivity in a socially supportive context: Evidence for a protective effect of the vagal system

Social support and vagal regulatory capacity (VRC), an index of flexible vagal responses during various types of stress, are linked to attenuated stress responding and positive health outcomes. Guided by the polyvagal perspective, we tested whether children's VRC is associated with attenuated sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stress reactivity in socially supportive conditions. Sixty-one 4- to 5-year-old children living in poverty underwent two standardized laboratory stress induction procedures. Cardiac vagal reactivity (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) to a first set of stressors (social, cognitive, physical, and emotional) indexed VRC. During a second set of stressors, participants were randomly assigned to a supportive or nonsupportive social context, and cardiac sympathetic reactivity (preejection period) was assessed. We hypothesized VRC would predict lower SNS stress reactivity, but only in the socially supportive context. Children with high VRC showed attenuated SNS stress reactivity in the socially supportive context compared to children with high VRC in the nonsupportive context and children with low VRC in either context. Individual differences in VRC predict attenuated SNS stress reactivity in socially supportive conditions. Understanding how social support and VRC jointly mitigate SNS stress reactivity may further efforts to prevent negative health outcomes. Implications for biological sensitivity to context and differential susceptibility theories are discussed.

The regenerative capacity of zebrafish reverses cardiac failure caused by genetic cardiomyocyte depletion

Natural models of heart regeneration in lower vertebrates such as zebrafish are based on invasive surgeries causing mechanical injuries that are limited in size. Here, we created a genetic cell ablation model in zebrafish that facilitates inducible destruction of a high percentage of cardiomyocytes. Cell-specific depletion of over 60% of the ventricular myocardium triggered signs of cardiac failure that were not observed after partial ventricular resection, including reduced animal exercise tolerance and sudden death in the setting of stressors. Massive myocardial loss activated robust cellular and molecular responses by endocardial, immune, epicardial and vascular cells. Destroyed cardiomyocytes fully regenerated within several days, restoring cardiac anatomy, physiology and performance. Regenerated muscle originated from spared cardiomyocytes that acquired ultrastructural and electrophysiological characteristics of de-differentiation and underwent vigorous proliferation. Our study indicates that genetic depletion of cardiomyocytes, even at levels so extreme as to elicit signs of cardiac failure, can be reversed by natural regenerative capacity in lower vertebrates such as zebrafish.

Serotonin Syndrome in the Deployed Setting

Serotonin syndrome is a potential side effect of some psychotropic medications in common use today. With over 8000 adverse events related to this condition in 2004 alone, this risk warrants further attention. The deployed environment presents a unique set of stressors and risks involved in treatment with any psychotherapeutic agent. The following case illustrates one incidence of rapid titration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (fluoxetine) contributing to the emergence of serotonin syndrome.