Sets Of Multiple Regression Analyses Research Articles

Assessing emotion beliefs with the Polish version of the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ): psychometric properties, norms, and links with emotional reactivity and psychopathology

Originally developed in English, the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) is a self-report measure of beliefs about the controllability and usefulness of negative and positive emotions. In this study, we introduce the Polish version and examine its psychometric properties and links with emotional outcomes. Our sample was 914 Polish adults aged 18–70 from the general population. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to verify the factor structure. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed based on the relationship between the EBQ and emotional reactivity traits as well as markers of anxiety, depression, and stress. We assessed internal consistency reliability. We also examined discriminant validity by conducting exploratory factor analyses of EBQ scores and emotional reactivity traits and psychopathology symptoms. We evaluated criterion validity by conducting a set of multiple regression analyses, examining whether EBQ scores could predict significant variance in psychopathology symptoms. Our factor analyses supported the EBQ’s factorial validity, conforming to the intended 4-factor structure (subscales: negative-controllability, positive-controllability, negative-usefulness, positive-usefulness), with support also found for a higher-order general factor (e.g., CFI = 0.941, RMSEA = 0.063). This structure was invariant across gender and age categories. The EBQ subscales correlated in expected directions with emotional reactivity traits and psychopathology symptoms. The EBQ showed good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.77–0.88) and discriminant validity. Beliefs about the uncontrollability of negative emotions were the strongest unique predictor of psychopathology symptoms. We also presented percentile rank norms for Polish adults. The Polish version of the EBQ appears to have strong psychometric properties and good clinical relevance.

Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale

The Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale (PERS) is a 30-item self-report questionnaire that assesses the ease of activation, intensity, and duration of negative and positive emotions. Our study aimed to introduce and validate the Polish version of the PERS. The study was performed on a sample of 491 people (349 females and 142 males) aged 18–84 (M = 24.78, SD = 10.96). The factor structure was verified with confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed based on the relationship between the PERS and markers of anxiety, depression, and stress. For assessing criterion validity, we conducted a set of multiple regression analyses to examine whether PERS scores could predict significant variance in these mental health symptoms. We examined discriminant validity by conducting a second-order exploratory factor analysis of PERS scores and anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms. Our results indicated strong factorial validity, conforming to the intended 6-factor (subscale) structure. As expected, all PERS subscales correlated in expected directions with markers of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms. The PERS showed good discriminant validity in terms of measuring an emotional reactivity construct across positive and negative emotions that was separable from people’s current level of distress. Internal consistency reliability was also good. Overall, the Polish version of the PERS appears to have good psychometric properties as a comprehensive measure of emotional reactivity.

Moving from tangibility toward digitalization: investigating team dynamics and facilitator support among medical students in conventional and digital small-group tutorials

BackgroundSmall group tutorials (SGT) promotes self-directed learning and is widely used in medical education. The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has accelerated the trend toward SGT digitalization, with unclear effect. We hypothesize that team dynamics and facilitator support influence SGT satisfaction in digital versus conventional SGT.MethodsDuring the spring semester of year 2021, medical students (the second, third, and fourth year; n = 433) participating in conventional face-to-face and digital SGT curricula were enrolled. Participating students completed the collaborative learning attitude scale (including team dynamics, team acquaintance, and facilitator support dimensions) and teamwork satisfaction scale, previously validated for small-group collaborative learning, and chose preference between conventional or digital SGT in future curricula. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to extract the essential structural factors of these scales. Paired t-tests were conducted to compare differences in different dimensions and satisfaction between the conventional and digital SGT settings. Two sets of multiple regression analyses were done; one with team satisfaction scale results and the other with preference for digital SGT as the dependent variable were used to evaluate determinants of these two variables.ResultsThe EFA results revealed that the original collaborative learning attitude scale was concentrated on two dimensions: team dynamics and facilitator support. No significant differences were noted between the SGT settings for the two dimensions and teamwork satisfaction. Regression analyses showed that teamwork dynamics was independently correlated with teamwork satisfaction in both conventional and digital SGT. Facilitator support was positively correlated with teamwork satisfaction in conventional, but not digital SGT. Higher teamwork satisfaction was an important determinant of preference for digital SGT among medical students.ConclusionsTeam dynamics were closely linked to teamwork satisfaction among medical students in both conventional and digital SGT, while the role of facilitator support became less obvious during digital SGT.

Willingness to Communicate: The Predictive Roles of the L2 Motivational Self-System and Self-Efficacy

<em>Research on communication emphasizes the psychological variables that play a great role in predicting a predisposition for engaging or avoiding communicative behavior. As a quantitative correlational study, this research was conducted with a convenient sample of 94 Iranian EFL learners to investigate to what degree the L2 motivational self-system and self-efficacy beliefs of language learners could predict second language willingness to communicate (WTC). A Likert scale highly reliable questionnaire containing 35 items was put to use to collect data on dimensions of the L2 motivational self-system, self-efficacy beliefs and L2 WTC. After the combined predictive ability of these variables, as a model, on WTC was measured, the study aimed at finding the unique contribution of each variable on WTC. Also, the researcher aimed at investigating whether gender would moderate each of the relationships between the explanatory variables and WTC. A set of multiple regression analyses indicated that the ideal L2 self, the ought-to L2 self, the L2 learning experience, and self-efficacy, as a whole model, was able to predict 41.6% of the variation in WTC. It was found that the ideal L2 self was the strongest predictor of WTC, followed by self-efficacy beliefs, which uniquely explained 38.7% and 16.8% of the variation in WTC scores, respectively. Additionally, it was observed that gender did not have the ability to statistically moderate any of the aforementioned relationships. The findings of this academic endeavor are discussed in relation to the potential theoretical and practical implications it has for the field of English language teaching.</em>

Maltreatment and youth self-representations in residential care: The moderating role of individual and placement variables

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of previous maltreatment on current self-representations (i.e., the attributes used to describe oneself) of youth in residential care and the moderating role of gender, age, number of previous placements and length of placement in residential care. The sample was composed of 809 adolescents and youths in residential care. The youth completed the self-representation questionnaire for youths in residential care (SRQYRC). In order to analyze the impact of previous maltreatment on self-representation, retrospective accounts of previous maltreatment experiences were used, and a set of multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results of multiple regressions suggest previous experiences of maltreatment contribute to youth’s self-representations. Specifically, youth that experienced sexual abuse reported higher levels of negative self-representations (i.e., negative valence attributes, such as aggressive, sad, misfit, neglected) while youth that experienced physical and psychological abuse, emotional and educational maltreatment, and neglect in terms of physical provision reported less positive self-representations (i.e., positive valence attributes, such as nice, intelligent, cherished). Some of these associations were moderated by gender, age, number and length of placements in residential care. These results underline that the type of maltreatment has a differential impact on youth’s self-representation dimensions and that placement stability (i.e., without moving the youth other residential care placements), and the continuity of care in the same residential care unit may protect the self-representations of youth with previous experiences of abuse and neglect.

Psycho‐Demographic Determinants of Young Consumers’ Purchase Intention toward Counterfeit Apparel in a U.S. Counterfeit Capital

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of six psychographic variables (materialism, novelty seeking, personal gratification, status consumption, value consciousness, and integrity) and three demographic variables (age, gender, and income) on attitude and purchase intention toward counterfeit apparel within the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. A paper‐based survey method was used with a convenience sample of college students at a large university in Los Angeles County. A total of 118 usable responses were obtained. Results of two separate sets of multiple regression analyses showed a significant and positive influence of attitude on purchase intention of counterfeit apparel. Value consciousness and integrity were negatively related to the purchase intention. Results also showed that men and people in the lower income range had more positive purchase intention toward counterfeit apparel. Implications for future research were also discussed.

Empowering the elderly population through ICT-based activities

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to focus on elderly people who have adopted Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and participated in ICT-based activities, and explore variables associated with their individual and collective empowerment by using data collected by a questionnaire survey.Design/methodology/approach– A set of 14 questions was developed to measure older adults’ perceived psychological empowerment. A factor analysis was conducted to condense 14 individual variables into several large categories. Finally, a set of multiple regression analyses was employed to identify variables associated with the elderly’s individual and collective empowerment.Findings– Three factors, including a sense of meaning; competence/self-determination; and collective empowerment were extracted from the 14 questions. Multiple regression models revealed that elderly empowerment is not a matter of social skills, ICT skills, or complementary skills, but is more likely to result from their being interested in ICT and ICT-based activities. Learning activities in ICT-based activities and participation frequency were found to be predictors of both meaning and competence/self-determination dimensions.Research limitations/implications– The major finding of this study concerns the development of a measure that assesses three factors of empowerment in older adults, i.e., sense of meaning, competence/self-determination, and collective empowerment. This study represents an initial step in establishing the measure, and therefore, further work is needed to establish its psychometric properties, particularly external validity.Originality/value– This study is one of the first studies to focus on older people’s empowerment construct and its relation to ICT-based activities.

Circadian preference and decision-making styles

The present study aimed to explore for the first time the relationship between circadian preference and different decision-making styles. In total, 501 young adults (330 females), with a mean age of 21.07 ± 1.99 years, took part in the study. The participants completed the reduced version of the morningness–eveningness questionnaire (rMEQ) and the general decision-making style inventory (GDMS). The rMEQ enabled to assess the circadian preference, with lower rMEQ scores pointing toward eveningness preference. The GDMS measured five decision-making styles: rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant and spontaneous. Higher scores on each GDMS decision-making style reflect a higher prevalence of the corresponding style. A set of multiple regression analyses was performed with rMEQ score, gender and age as predictors together with each GDMS decision-making style as dependent variable. rMEQ score proved to be the only significant (negative) predictor of avoidant and spontaneous decision-making styles, i.e. lower rMEQ score (tendency toward eveningness) significantly predicted higher score at these decision-making styles. The present results suggest that eveningness preference is significantly related to avoidant and spontaneous decision-making styles in young adults. Such results will be discussed with reference to the effects of decision-making styles on decision-making in different types of workers and mental health.

Associations between child maltreatment, PTSD, and internet addiction among Taiwanese students

This study examines (1) the associations between multiple types of child maltreatment and Internet addiction, and (2) the mediating effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on these associations. We collected data from a national proportionately stratified random sample of 6233 fourth-grade students in Taiwan in 2014. We conducted bivariate correlations and sets of multiple regression analyses to examine the associations between multiple types of maltreatment (5 types in total) and Internet addiction, and to identify the mediating role of PTSD. The results reveal that being male and experiencing abuse (psychological neglect, physical neglect, paternal physical violence, sexual violence) were associated with increased risk among children of developing PTSD and Internet addiction. Moreover, PTSD mediated the associations between multiple types of maltreatment (except maternal physical violence) and Internet addiction. This study demonstrates (1) the effects of multiple types of maltreatment on the PTSD and Internet addiction of children and (2) the importance of early prevention and intervention in addressing related public-health concerns.

Principal component analysis for designed experiments.

BackgroundPrincipal component analysis is used to summarize matrix data, such as found in transcriptome, proteome or metabolome and medical examinations, into fewer dimensions by fitting the matrix to orthogonal axes. Although this methodology is frequently used in multivariate analyses, it has disadvantages when applied to experimental data. First, the identified principal components have poor generality; since the size and directions of the components are dependent on the particular data set, the components are valid only within the data set. Second, the method is sensitive to experimental noise and bias between sample groups. It cannot reflect the experimental design that is planned to manage the noise and bias; rather, it estimates the same weight and independence to all the samples in the matrix. Third, the resulting components are often difficult to interpret. To address these issues, several options were introduced to the methodology. First, the principal axes were identified using training data sets and shared across experiments. These training data reflect the design of experiments, and their preparation allows noise to be reduced and group bias to be removed. Second, the center of the rotation was determined in accordance with the experimental design. Third, the resulting components were scaled to unify their size unit.ResultsThe effects of these options were observed in microarray experiments, and showed an improvement in the separation of groups and robustness to noise. The range of scaled scores was unaffected by the number of items. Additionally, unknown samples were appropriately classified using pre-arranged axes. Furthermore, these axes well reflected the characteristics of groups in the experiments. As was observed, the scaling of the components and sharing of axes enabled comparisons of the components beyond experiments. The use of training data reduced the effects of noise and bias in the data, facilitating the physical interpretation of the principal axes.ConclusionsTogether, these introduced options result in improved generality and objectivity of the analytical results. The methodology has thus become more like a set of multiple regression analyses that find independent models that specify each of the axes.

The Impact of Perceptions of Health Control and Coping Modes on Negative Affect Among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries

A wide range of demographic, medical, and personality and coping variables have been implicated as predictors of psychosocial outcomes following the onset of spinal cord injuries (SCI). The primary purpose of this study was to examine the role that perceptions of health control (internality, chance-determined, and other persons-determined) and coping strategies play in predicting respondents' negative affect, namely, reactions of depression and anxiety [i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)], as outcomes of psychosocial adaptation to disability. A second purpose was to investigate the potential role that time since injury (TSI) plays in moderating the influence of coping on psychosocial outcomes related to SCI. Ninety five survivors of SCI participated in the study by completing a battery of self-report measures. Two sets of multiple regression analyses were employed to address the study's goals. Findings indicated that after controlling the influence of gender, age, time since injury, and number of prior life traumas: (a) the use of disengagement coping successfully predicted both respondents' levels of depression and PTSD; (b) none of the perceptions of control of one's health significantly influenced psychosocial reactions to SCI, as indicated by depression and PTSD, although perceptions of chance control showed a moderate positive trend; and (c) time since injury did not moderate the relationships between coping and negative affect related to the onset of SCI. The implications of these findings to rehabilitation professionals are discussed.

Cluster B and C Personality Traits, Symptom Correlates, and Treatment Utilization in Postacute Schizophrenia

Unusually high levels of Cluster B and C personality traits have been observed in schizophrenia. While these have been linked to poorer function, less clear is the association of these personality traits with symptoms and service utilization. To examine this issue, 46 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were administered the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, Third Edition, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and an inventory was taken of medical and psychiatric service utilization. Two sets of multiple regression analyses using Cluster B and C traits to predict treatment utilization and symptoms revealed that emotional discomfort symptoms were significantly related to level of borderline traits. Higher levels of positive symptoms were linked with more avoidant traits and fewer dependent traits. Higher levels of negative symptoms were linked with greater avoidant traits. Service utilization was predicted by borderline, antisocial, and avoidant traits. Implications for rehabilitation and treatment are discussed.

Effects of a westernized lifestyle on the association between fasting serum nonesterified fatty acids and insulin secretion in Japanese men

The effects of the prolonged elevation of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels on insulin secretion have been controversial and thought to be sex-specific. To investigate the association between a westernized lifestyle and the effects of NEFA on insulin secretion in Japanese men, we examined 67 nondiabetic Japanese-American men and 220 nondiabetic native Japanese men who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Most Japanese Americans we surveyed are genetically identical to Japanese living in Japan, but their lifestyle is more westernized. Sets of multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between the sum of the immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels during the OGTT (ΣIRI) and clinical parameters. Japanese Americans had higher levels of fasting IRI, ΣIRI, and a higher insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) than native Japanese, whereas there were no significant differences in fasting NEFA and triglyceride levels. A multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, fasting triglycerides, and body mass index (BMI) demonstrated that the fasting NEFA level was an independent determinant of the ΣIRI only in Japanese-American men ( P = .001), but not in native Japanese men ( P = .054). Even when HOMA-IR was included in models instead of BMI, the NEFA level was a significant variable of ΣIRI only in Japanese Americans ( P < .001), and not in native Japanese ( P = .098). In addition, a multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, fasting triglycerides, and BMI demonstrated that the fasting NEFA level was the only independent determinant of ΣC-peptide in Japanese-American men ( P = .041). In conclusion, NEFA seems to be associated with insulin secretion independent of obesity or HOMA-IR. A westernized lifestyle may increase the effects of serum fasting NEFA levels on total insulin secretion after a glucose load in Japanese men.

Obsessions and compulsions and intolerance for uncertainty in a non-clinical sample

It has been hypothesized that decision-making difficulties in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder may arise from intolerance for uncertainty. We investigated the relationship between obsessivity and intolerance for uncertainty (defined in terms of need for cognitive closure), controlling for state and trait anxiety and depression. We tested non-clinical subjects through the Need for Closure Scale (NFCS), the Padua Inventory Revised (PI-R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form-Y; STAI-Y). A principal component analysis showed a lack of correlation between the PI-R and the NFCS subscales. A set of multiple regression analyses performed on PI-R subscales showed that the need for cognitive closure cannot be considered as a strong predictor of obsessions and compulsions. These results speak against the hypothesis that people with high obsessivity have difficulties in taking decisions because of a cognitive need for certainty. We instead argue that difficulties in taking decisions may be related to other specific cognitive beliefs or meta-beliefs.

Concepts of Emotion: "Emotionness", and Dimensional Ratings of Italian Emotion Words

Italian emotion terms (N = 153) were judged by samples of Italian university students in eight studies, two of which were replications. The studies collected normative ratings (a) on the dimensions of Valence, Intensity, and Duration, and (b) on “emotionness” (i.e. prototypicality judgements, frequencies in a spontaneous production task, and reaction times in word categorisation). Two sets of multiple regression analyses showed that Intensity, Duration, and Valence ratings significantly predicted, but to a varying degree, individual “emotionness” ratings, as well as “emotionness” factor scores, a compound index. Intensity appeared to be a dimension that can subsume information about other emotion features, especially duration. Additional predictors included word length, and, less often, frequency of words in the language. The results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that “emotionness” judgements are summary-like statements of a complex computation that considers emotional features denoted by a word.

Variations in Methadone Treatment Practices

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — Drs D'Aunno and Vaughn¹report that methadone treatment "units that have higher average dose levels are more likely to have clients who remain in treatment," which they interpret as supporting higher dosage levels. Unfortunately, serious defects in the data analysis render this interpretation highly questionable. Their Table 5 presents a set of multiple regression analyses relating characteristics of clients, units, and their environments (as predictors) to treatment practices (as dependent variables). But average dose level (one of their eight treatment practice variables) is then introduced suddenly, as an additional predictor variable in the multiple regression on average time in treatment (also a treatment practice variable). This choice appears arbitrary, because the bivariate correlation between dose level and time in treatment (<i>r</i>=.12) is not statistically significant (Table 4) and because the analysis excludes two other treatment practice variables—take-home dosage and decreasing dosage, which do exhibit

Correlates of Dysfunctional Parenting Attitudes among Low-Income Adolescent Mothers

Various scholars have speculated that adolescent mothers are at risk for negative parenting. It was therefore the purpose of this study to assess dysfunctional attitudes of adolescent mothers through a secondary analysis of a subsample of 157 participants from a large-scale, ongoing longitudinal study. Belsky 's process model of parenting was used as a framework to assess the adolescent mothers' parental attitudes at I year postpartum. Two sets of multiple regression analyses were performed: (a) ordinary least squares regressiont was used to assess predictors of generally dysfunctional parenting attitudes as continluously measured; and (b) logistic multiple regression was used to determine predictors of risk for child abuse and neglect with the dependent measure dichotomized based on normative data. The results of multiple regression analyses supported the Belsky orderinig ofpredictors, in that personal andpsychological resources of the parent were more predictive of dysfunctionalparenting attitudes than contextual sources of stress and support, which were more effective than characteristics of the child.

Relative influence of subject variables and neurological parameters on neuropsychological performance of adult seizure patients

We present the results of a study examining relationships between subject characteristics (age, education, sex, race) and neurological factors on neuropsychological test performance of adult seizure patients. Test scores from a modified and expanded Halstead-Reitan test battery for 250 epileptics served as criterion variables for sets of multiple regression analyses using subject characteristics and neurological parameters as predictors. Initially, subjects were divided into two subsamples and separate analyses for subject and neurological variables were pursued. Double cross-validated results indicated that test performance was significantly related to both sets of predictor variables, yet the magnitudes of relationship were rather consistently highest for demographic attributes. The relative contribution of individual predictor variables subsequently was explored in a second set of multiple regression analyses examining both subject and neurological variables within the combined patient sample. Results indicated that one or more subject characteristic plus one or more neurological variable accounted for a significant amount of test variance for almost all of the measures under consideration. A subject variable was entered first in step-wise regression analyses for 78 % of the measures, with education proving to be the most potent predictor of

Relative influence of subject variables and neurological parameters on neuropsychological performance of adult seizure patients

We present the results of a study examining relationships between subject characteristics (age, education, sex, race) and neurological factors on neuropsychological test performance of adult seizure patients. Test scores from a modified and expanded Halstead-Reitan test battery for 250 epileptics served as criterion variables for sets of multiple regression analyses using subject characteristics and neurological parameters as predictors. Initially, subjects were divided into two subsamples and separate analyses for subject and neurological variables were pursued. Double cross-validated results indicated that test performance was significantly related to both sets of predictor variables, yet the magnitudes of relationship were rather consistently highest for demographic attributes. The relative contribution of individual predictor variables subsequently was explored in a second set of multiple regression analyses examining both subject and neurological variables within the combined patient sample. Results indicated that one or more subject characteristic plus one or more neurological variable accounted for a significant amount of test variance for almost all of the measures under consideration. A subject variable was entered first in step-wise regression analyses for 78 % of the measures, with education proving to be the most potent predictor of test status. In general, these data support the need for test norms which make adjustments for nonneurological subject attributes.

National Study of Health and Growth: social and biological factors associated with weight-for-height and triceps skinfold of children from ethnic groups in England.

Baseline results of weight-for-height and triceps skinfold for a sample of Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Indo-Pakistani children living in inner-city areas are given and compared with children in an existing surveillance study representative of the English population. The data collected in 1982 for the representative sample and in 1983 for the ethnic groups gave useful information on 13,073 children in the age-range 5-11 years. The Afro-Caribbean children had a similar weight-for-height to the Caucasian children but they were thinner than the Caucasians in terms of triceps skinfold thickness. Indo-Pakistani children were lighter than any other group in the study. Indo-Pakistani boys had a higher triceps skinfold thickness in relation to NSHG standards than the girls. The Caucasian children in inner-city areas were consistently more obese than the Caucasian children in the representative sample. However, in a set of multiple regression analyses the independent social factors explained a minimal percentage of the variation of weight-for-height and triceps skinfold. Ethnic origin and parents' weight and height were most highly associated with child's weight-for-height and triceps skinfold. The results highlight our limited knowledge of factors influencing obesity in childhood and point out the large differences of weight-for-height and triceps skinfold related to ethnic origin in the UK.