Setback In Terms Research Articles

Effectiveness of Reproductive Health Education Through Video Learning Multimedia on Changes in Attitudes About Prevention of Student Sexual Harassment

Although not included in the list of countries with the highest rates of sexual violence in the world, Indonesia has recorded a setback in terms of child protection. The National Commission for Child Protection noted that in 2015 there were 218 cases of child sexual violence. Meanwhile, in 2016, the KPAI recorded 120 cases of sexual violence against children. Then in 2017, there were 116 cases recorded. Adolescent age groups, some of which are legally categorized as children, are vulnerable to becoming victims of sexual violence because children are always positioned as weak or considered to have limited ability to protect themselves. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of reproductive health education through VLM on changes in early adolescent attitudes in order to prevent sexual harassment. The research was conducted at the Nurul Fikri Integrated Islamic Elementary School, Makassar City. Using a quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental approach to 50 SDIT Nurul Fikri students. The results showed that there was no difference in the effectiveness of changing attitudes. This is because a short time in imparting education to students (i) is not enough to instantly change one's attitude. This research suggests the need for proper education regarding sexuality according to age stages through counseling or interesting media from the school and is sustainable.

Sustainability of the Energy Sector in Mexico from 2000 to 2020

Mexican government has sought a balance, through various public policies, regarding economic growth and social welfare and having a minimum impact on the environment. The objective of this article is to evaluate whether the energy supply in Mexico has become more sustainable between 2000 and 2020, a fundamental premise for any energy system. The analysis is based on a methodological combination of those approaches adopted by the Latin American Energy Organization and those by the World Energy Council, which are international institutions of great prestige in the Energy field. Even though results obtained by several authors show advances and setbacks, the overall result has been a notorious setback in terms of sustainability. These results were compared with those published by the World Energy Council and some notable differences were observed. Analyzed authors conclude that more accurate, effective and sustained public policies are required in the long term to make the energy supply increasingly sustainable in Mexico.

PLA Degradation and PLA-Degrading Bacteria: A Mini-Review

Polylactic acid (PLA) is not new to the world of science, since the application of PLA can be found in various industries such as biomedical, agricultural, and packaging. Despite the amazing properties shown by PLA, it still has a setback in terms of waste disposal of PLA. Since PLA is more resistant towards bacterial attack, it prolonged the decomposition of PLA disposed in the environment. Therefore, PLA microbial degradation and enzymatic degradation needs to be highlighted since most PLA waste will end up in the landfill. Most PLA-degrading can be found in the genus family Amycolatopsis, and a few can be found in the genus Lentzea, Kibdelosporangium, Paecilomyces, Thermomonospora, and Thermopolyspora. The enzymatic degradation of PLA is mostly studied relating to enzyme proteinase K, serine protease, and even hydrolase. This review paper aims to discuss the microbial degradation mechanism of PLA as well as the types of microorganisms and enzymes that involve in the biodegradation of PLA.

The COVID-19 and TB syndemic: the way forward.

Together, SARS-CoV-2 and M. tuberculosis have killed approximately 5.7 million people worldwide over the past 2 years. The COVID-19 pandemic, and the non-pharmaceutical interventions to mitigate COVID-19 transmission (including social distancing regulations, partial lockdowns and quarantines), have disrupted healthcare services and led to a reallocation of resources to COVID-19 care. There has also been a tragic loss of healthcare workers who succumbed to the disease. This has had consequences for TB services, and the fear of contracting COVID-19 may also have contributed to reduced access to TB services. Altogether, this is projected to have resulted in a 5-year setback in terms of mortality from TB and a 9-year setback in terms of TB detection. In addition, past and present TB disease has been reported to increase both COVID-19 fatality and incidence. Similarly, COVID-19 may adversely affect TB outcomes. From a more positive perspective, the pandemic has also created opportunities to improve TB care. In this review, we highlight similarities and differences between these two infectious diseases, describe gaps in our knowledge and discuss solutions and priorities for future research.

Protecting HIV service delivery for key populations in southern Africa in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

The 2025 UNAIDS targets prioritize reaching all subpopulations living with HIV and those at risk for HIV as the only pathway to achieving control of the HIV epidemic. This has brought to the fore the importance of addressing the needs of key marginalized groups and placing such communities at the center of HIV response strategies. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a setback in terms of confronting HIV. With this in mind, it is important not only to protect services within HIV responses among key populations, but also to expand such services to meet the UNAIDS 2025 targets. Without this, gains in controlling COVID-19 may be achieved at the expense of losses in controlling the spread of HIV, which had been achieved after sustained and resource-intensive actions.

COVID-19- Effects on Primary Health Care Services in Urban Field Practice Area of KIMS, Hubballi –A Cross-Sectional Study

Background:- The nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the global population in drastic ways. It was a health emergency in health care services impeding a lot of other services specially primary health care services and issue of proper referral of patients for adequate care.Methodology:- A cross-sectional study was conducted for duration of one month during AugustSeptember 2021 among 200 participants aged more than 18 years visiting Urban Primary Health Centre at Old Hubballi, selected by random convenient sampling. Data collected was entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 25.Results:- 72.5% respondents preferred PHC over government hospital or private clinics for their treatment. 15% respondents were not satisfied with the services provided in PHC due to COVID pandemic. The average number of OPD cases was reduced by 50% and routine immunization by 80% during lockdown. The routine laboratory investigations fell by 33% of the pre-COVID time.Conclusions:- The country’s primary health care system suffered a major setback in terms of its routine services like providing treatment, routine immunizations etc. as the concentration shifted to pandemic control. And now with time, as the country’s health care system is recovering, the progress is slow

COVID-19- Effects on Primary Health Care Services in Urban Field Practice Area of KIMS, Hubballi –A Cross-Sectional Study

Background:- The nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the globalpopulation in drastic ways. It was a health emergency in health care services impeding a lot of otherservices specially primary health care services and issue of proper referral of patients for adequate care.Methodology:- A cross-sectional study was conducted for duration of one month during August-September 2021 among 200 participants aged more than 18 years visiting Urban Primary Health Centreat Old Hubballi, selected by random convenient sampling. Data collected was entered in MS Excel andanalyzed using SPSS version 25.Results:- 72.5% respondents preferred PHC over government hospital or private clinics for theirtreatment. 15% respondents were not satisfied with the services provided in PHC due to COVIDpandemic. The average number of OPD cases was reduced by 50% and routine immunization by 80%during lockdown. The routine laboratory investigations fell by 33% of the pre-COVID time.Conclusions:- The country’s primary health care system suffered a major setback in terms of its routineservices like providing treatment, routine immunizations etc. as the concentration shifted to pandemiccontrol. And now with time, as the country’s health care system is recovering, the progress is slow.

Roaming in a Land of Milk and Honey: Life Trajectories and Metabolic Rate of Female Inbred Mice Living in a Semi Naturalistic Environment.

Simple SummaryDifferent forms of environmental enrichment are used to increase the wellbeing of laboratory animals. These forms include extending the available cage space, housing a large group of animals within the same unit and adding stimulating physical objects. The semi naturalistic environment (SNE) used in this study implements all of these enhancements. However, there is debate as to whether such variation in housing standards increases the variability of experimental data. Indeed, it has been shown that mice living in the SNE developed individual differences in activity and behavioral parameters. Here, we investigated whether housing in the SNE enhances individual differences in aged animals and whether these differences are reflected in certain physiological parameters. These aspects were considered to assess the suitability of the SNE as a reference system in future studies. We found that the individual-level activity patterns of the animals stabilized during the housing period in the SNE. These behavioral characteristics did not correlate with the measured physiological parameters. Considering the variance of the measured data, which is comparable to the literature, the SNE seems to be a suitable system for studies comparing different housing systems in terms of animal welfare.Despite tremendous efforts at standardization, the results of scientific studies can vary greatly, especially when considering animal research. It is important to emphasize that consistent different personality-like traits emerge and accumulate over time in laboratory mice despite genetic and environmental standardization. To understand to what extent variability can unfold over time, we conducted a long-term study using inbred mice living in an exceptionally complex environment comprising an area of 4.6 m2 spread over five levels. In this semi-naturalistic environment (SNE) the activity and spatial distribution of 20 female C57Bl/6J was recorded by radio-frequency identification (RFID). All individuals were monitored from an age of 11 months to 22 months and their individual pattern of spatial movement in time is described as roaming entropy. Overall, we detected an increase of diversification in roaming behavior over time with stabilizing activity patterns at the individual level. However, spontaneous behavior of the animals as well as physiological parameters did not correlate with cumulative roaming entropy. Moreover, the amount of variability did not exceed the literature data derived from mice living in restricted conventional laboratory conditions. We conclude that even taking quantum leaps towards improving animal welfare does not inevitably mean a setback in terms of data quality.

Transparency in Spanish Government in Times of Covid-19

Transparency is fundamental for the development of good governance, and even more so in times of crisis. The current crisis caused by the coronavirus has raised questions worldwide as to whether the government is acting transparently. In the case of Spain, the state of alarm decreed has suspended the terms and interrupted the deadlines for processing the procedures of public sector entities, including those affecting the Law on Transparency. This paper analyses how this suspension is affecting the actions carried out in Spain. It shows those practices that we consider to violate citizens' right to public information, and which are therefore not transparent. In Spain, there has been a setback in terms of access to public information and transparency, which has not only been visible in the management of COVID-19 data, but has also affected other areas such as public procurement.

Recent advances and future prospects of electrochemical processes for microalgae harvesting

Over the years, algae have found wide scope of utility in a variety of environmentally beneficial processes like biofuel production, removal of heavy metals from wastewater sources for potential bioremediation, monitoring water pollution and source of animal nutrition. However, the conventional harvesting methods pose a set-back in terms of energy, cost and operational complications due to the small size of microalgae. Of all the processes, harvesting alone corresponds to approximately 30% of the total production costs. Recent advancements in the microalgal technology have brought many efficient techniques into use for improved recovery of microalgae. This review comprehends the development, principle, influencing parameters and directions to future research of one of the state-of-the-art approaches for harvesting microalgae, electrochemical technology. Though this area was previously explored for its application in wastewater treatment, it has lately gained momentum in the field of microalgae due to its economic efficiency. This paper highlights the three prime processes used to yield microalgae namely electroflocculation, electroflotation and a combined electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) system. Several encroachments and strategies among these techniques have also been elucidated. The review focusses on the effect of most significant process controlling parameters such as reactor and electrode design, various surface properties of microalgae, current, pH, salinity and agitation that influence harvesting. In addition, the economy and energy aspects that emphasize the welfares of this technology over others have been extensively discussed. The overall work aims to provide an insight into the electrochemical methods, their challenges and opportunities that might be beneficial for carrying out further research and scope for industrial applications.

COVID-19 RESPONSE MEASURES IN BRAZILIAN STATES: LEGISLATIVE AND JOURNALISTIC APPROACH

State governors had to take restrictive measures to prevent Covid-19 from advancing with the arrival of the disease in Brazil. According to the Constitution, states and municipalities can define more restrictive laws to those instituted at the Federal level. Thus, the present objective is to analyze the measures adopted by each Brazilian state to combat the new coronavirus. As a methodology, the state laws in force and the strategies implemented during the evolution of the disease were identified through journalistic articles. As main results, the dismissal of employees belonging to the risk group and the suspension of classes, events, and non-essential commerce, are measures adopted by all regions of the country. However, in May, the easing of these measures was identified, causing a setback in terms of preventing new contamination. It is understood that the main reason for easing is related to the pressures suffered in the economy. It is concluded that social isolation is still the most effective strategy identified in different countries, and that the easing of restrictive measures may result in the collapse of the health system. Consequently, the easing may worsen the situation of the economy, in view of the rapid increase in cases of Covid-19 in Brazil, which already exceeds 500 thousand cases.

Evaluating the Gas Flaring Commercialisation Policy in Nigeria: An Agenda for Mitigating Gas Flaring

Nigeria is an oil and gas producing country but sadly its gas sector had suffered serious setback in terms of development and utilisation. Although, the crude oil sector is nearing maturity, the gas sector is still in its infancy due to some past regulatory mistakes. As a result of low gas utilization and past development policies, gas flaring became the bane of the petroleum industry in Nigeria for over five decades and this is with no end in sight. Amidst, the abundant natural gas reserves, the country was considered one of the worst gas flaring nations after Russia. Past policies and legal regimes to reduce gas flaring were rather episodic and unrealistic due to several reasons notably: policy instability, lack of cooperation by the International Oil Corporations (IOCs) and the lack of political will by the Federal Government. Gas flaring in Nigeria contributes to both economic waste as well as a huge environmental challenge in the oil and gas producing communities. It was against this background that the Federal Government recently announced measures for the utilisation of flared gas from the Niger Delta region. The objective is to make hitherto gas flared to be commercially utilised thereby reducing their environmental footprint. The significance of this paper is to examine the efficacy of these inchoate government policies and their fit for purpose. The paper found that any such measure must be backed up with enforcement mechanism with attractive terms for new entrants into the gas sector development in Nigeria. Keywords: Gas Sector, Gas Development, Utilisation, Flaring, and Nigeria. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/96-15 Publication date: April 30 th 2020

Experimental Study on Thermal Properties of Nano-TiO2 Embedded Paraffin (NEP) for Thermal Energy Storage Applications

Abstract Paraffin is widely finding its application as thermal energy storage material, since they possess superior thermophysical properties. However, they have a setback in terms of their thermal conductivity. Hence, this paper is made an attempt to improve the thermal properties of the paraffin by embedding nano-TiO2 particles in paraffin. Five samples of Nano Embedded Paraffin (NEP) were prepared by adding 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mass percentages of nano-TiO2 particles in paraffin and further investigated on their thermal properties using different instruments such as Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and thermal properties analyzer. The results proved that the integration of nano-TiO2 particles enhanced the thermal conductivity of the paraffin to 33.889%, 66.111%, 84.444% and 101.667% for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mass percentages, respectively, without disturbing its chemical structure. Further, nano-TiO2 particles delayed the thermal decomposition of paraffin and thereby, improved its thermal stability

Effect of rhamnolipid-Aloe vera gel edible coating on post-harvest control of rot and quality parameters of ‘Agege Sweet’ orange

A local cultivar of sweet orange namely ‘Agege sweet’ constitutes a larger percentage among many citrus varieties planted in Nigeria, but there is a major setback in terms of extending its post-harvest shelf life. This work was designed to assess the effectiveness of a rhamnolipid coating to preserve the quality attributes of Agege sweet orange fruit during 8 wk ambient storage compared with that of Aloe vera gel. Petri plates were supplied with different treatments (volume per volume, v/v) of Aloe vera gel (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%) or rhamnolipid (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5 %, 2.0%) and oranges were inoculated with a spore suspension of P. digitatum NSP01 spores. The solutions of rhamnolipid (2%) and Aloe vera gel (2%) were evaluated for their biocontrol activity on P. digitatum NSP01. The fruits were stored for 8 wk at 25oC. The lesion area, firmness, and chemical composition were assessed. The oranges coated with Aloe vera gel and rhamnolipid significantly (p < 0.05) prevented loss in firmness, total soluble solids and titratable acidity and reduced the decay caused by P. digitatum NSP01. Therefore, the newly formulated rhamnolipid-Aloe vera edible coating could serve as a permanent substitute for chemical fungicides used in the management of diseases and pests affecting agricultural productivity.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of augmented reality in educational settings

Augmented reality (AR) is an important technology to enhance learning experiences. Many studies have been conducted to establish the tendencies, affordances and challenges of this technology in educational settings. However, these studies have little analyzed important issues such as the special needs of specific users or the impact of AR on education through the quantitative analysis of the data. This paper presents a literature review that covers 61 studies published between 2012 and 2018 in scientific journals and conference proceedings. As a result, it identifies the status and tendencies in the usage of AR in education, the impact of this technology on learning processes, open questions as well as opportunities and challenges for developers and practitioners. The results indicate that AR has a medium effect on learning effectiveness (d = .64, p < .001). The most reported advantages of AR systems in education are “learning gains” and “motivation.” Otherwise, it is also important to mention that only one of the AR systems of the studies includes accessibility features, which represents a setback in terms of social inclusion. Therefore, given the apparent multiple benefits of using AR systems in educational settings, stakeholders have great opportunities to develop new and better systems that benefit all learners. This technology covers a wide range of topics, target groups, academic levels and more. This could be an indicator that AR is achieving maturity and has successfully taken root in educational settings.

Perkembangan Pertunjukan Wayang Beber Kontemporer Di Era Modernisasi

Research discussed regarding the development of contemporary puppet some in a society now. A puppet beber contemporary some years previously had broken by giving alternative forms of a new and exhibited more simple but is interesting, Shorter performances , and use just taken a figure from real life now. The story delivered also adopt issues is in vogue in the days of the modernization of right now. The puppet beber is one of cultural heritage in Indonesia. A puppet beber some which was a live used for events great kraton, the event ruwatan, clean village, healing the sick, and important event specified java. Now puppet classical considered rarely staged and slightly experienced various a setback in terms of staging, because some years previously had broken puppet classic staged as a means of ritual and rarely staged important as entertainment for the urban nowadays. The puppet beber contemporary appear in order to provide new perspective, so people know back puppet show some years previously had broken who became inherited from an ancestor java.

Risk imposition and freedom

Various authors hold that what is wrong with risk imposition is that being at risk diminishes the opportunities available to an agent. Arguably, even when risk does not result in material or psychological damages, it still represents a setback in terms of some legitimate interests. However, it remains to be specified what those interests are. This article argues that risk imposition represents a diminishment of overall freedom. Freedom will be characterized in empirical terms, as the range of unimpeded actions available to an agent. After briefly outlining the main characteristics of overall freedom as defended by Hillel Steiner and Ian Carter, the article shows that this notion is able to capture many of our intuitions about when and how risk imposition disadvantages an agent, without reference to welfare indicators. The article argues that if this non-welfarist perspective can be defended, then it would be easier to approach a number of applied questions about risk, including the questions of when risk imposition is permissible or legitimate, in which ways risk can be an object of distributive justice and how one can be compensated for being subject to a risk.

The Correlation between Variations of Pressure against Temperature Distribution in Supersonic Subsea Compact Wet-Gas Separators

Conventional wet gas separators are used as a mean to remove free water using gravitational and momentum principle. However, these separators create setback in terms of its efficiency. As an alternative, supersonic compact wet gas separator have been designed in Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Gas Separation Research Center (UTP GSRC) which uses supersonic flow to separate natural gas and free water for gas transmission pipelines. For the preliminary design, it is important to determine the flow behavior according to the design of the separators. The results can provide information on whether the design can be accepted or improvement should be taken into consideration. It is therefore an objective of this paper to numerically simulate and analyze the correlation between variations of pressure against temperature distribution in the separators design. From the initial pressure variation against temperature results, it can be concluded that the initial pressure ranges from 5 MPa to 6.7 MPa are the best to be used for achieving better separation efficiency.

Numerical Simulation of Supersonic Subsea Compact Wet Gas Separator for Gas Transmission Pipeline

Conventional wet gas separators are used as a means to remove free water using the gravitational settling and momentum principle. However, these separators possess setback in terms of its efficiency. Alternatively, supersonic compact wet gas separators have been designed in Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Gas Separation Research Center (UTPGSRC) which uses supersonic flow to separate natural gas and free water. In its preliminary design, determination of the flow behavior according to the design of the separators is important. The result provides information whether the design can be accepted or improvement should be taken into consideration. It is therefore an objective of this paper to numerically simulate and analyze the flow characteristic such as velocity, pressure and temperature distribution correlating with the separator design. From the flow performance results obtained, it shows that the separator design has fulfilled the requirement.

Niger delta struggle: Assessment of selected Nigerians’ perceptions

This study was meant to evaluate happenings in the Niger Delta region arising from agitations for physical development for the region in terms of provision of long-lasting infrastructural facilities, dependable social amenities, control of environmental pollution ravaging the area and physical transformation of some selected locations in the region into mega cities. It is also the desire of the Niger Delta people to be involved in resource control and political representation and participation. Similarly, the region wants genuine employment generation for their teeming unemployed youths who are university graduates, polytechnic graduates, colleges of Education’s products, school certificate holders and some other categories of unemployed youths. Essentially, the study was directed at some selected Nigerians from different ethnic affiliation in order to know their feelings and perceptions about the struggles of the Niger Delta people in terms of the on-going oppression and marginalization they have been going through. A total of 211 participants were selected within Ibadan metropolis and in some other adjoining locations around the metropolis. The participants were made up of 117 (55.5%) males and 94 (44.5%) females from different age brackets. Questionnaire format was designated for data collected from the participants. Only descriptive statistics was employed for data analysis. The results vividly showed that 88.2% of the participants agreed that “Niger Delta region has suffered some setback in terms of development compared to other regions in the country while only 11.8% disagreed to that. Similarly, the result revealed that 64.5% of the participants did agree that real attention has not been paid to the Niger Delta region while 35.5% of the participants did not agree to that. In another vein, 91.9% of the study participants agreed that ‘the people in the region deserve commensurable physical development going by the region while only 8.1% did not agree to that. Also, 83.9% of the participants agreed that ‘the sources of livelihood of the people in the Niger Delta region have been adversely affected by oil exploration while only 16.7% did not agree to this. The results were discussed and it was clearly pointed out that, in actual fact, the Niger Delta region deserves urgent attention from the government in terms of rapid physical transformation of the region. The region should be provided with dependable and long-lasting social amenities and infrastructural facilities. Key words: Niger Delta Region, development, militias, Nigerians, Ibadan metropolis, expectations.