The article discusses the impact of various winter wheat cultivation technologies on the agrophysical factors of chestnut soil fertility. Agricultural techniques aimed at creating optimal conditions for the growth and development of winter wheat, changing microclimatic conditions in the agrocenosis, are diverse and different in purpose. Properly chosen crop cultivation technology is of great importance in increasing the effective soil fertility. We have carried out field experiments and studies in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory on chestnut soils. Agrophysical factors are a set of soil properties that characterize the reserve of productive moisture, structural and aggregate composition, soils, water resistance of soil aggregates, as well as agrotechnical parameters of soils. The studies were carried out in all phases of growth and development of winter wheat. The results show that the maximum reserve of productive moisture was observed in the spring tillering phase using the No-till technology and such a predecessor as corn for silage. The number of agronomically valuable aggregates also prevailed according to the No-till technology in the spring tillering phase. The maximum values of water resistance and structural coefficient were also obtained using this technology. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory it is advisable to cultivate winter wheat using the No-Till technology.