Set Of Relevant Measures Research Articles

Symmetry axioms and perceived ambiguity

Since at least de Finetti (Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincare 7:1–68, 1937), preference symmetry assumptions have played an important role in models of decision making under uncertainty. In the current paper, we explore (1) the relationship between the symmetry assumption of Klibanoff et al. (KMS) (Econometrica 82:1945–1978, 2014) and alternative symmetry assumptions in the literature, and (2) assuming symmetry, the relationship between the set of relevant measures, shown by KMS (2014) to reflect only perceived ambiguity, and the set of measures (which we will refer to as the Bewley set) developed by Ghirardato et al. (J Econ Theory 118:133–173, 2004), Nehring (Ambiguity in the context of probabilistic beliefs, working paper, 2001, Bernoulli without Bayes: a theory of utility-sophisticated preference, working paper, 2007) and Ghirardato and Siniscalchi (A more robust definition of multiple priors, working paper, 2007, Econometrica 80:2827–2847, 2012). This Bewley set is the main alternative offered in the literature as possibly representing perceived ambiguity. Regarding symmetry assumptions, we show that, under relatively mild conditions, a variety of preference symmetry conditions from the literature [including that in KMS (2014)] are equivalent. In KMS (2014), we showed that, under symmetry, the Bewley set and the set of relevant measures are not always the same. Here, we establish a preference condition, No Half Measures, that is necessary and sufficient for the two to be the same under symmetry. This condition is rather stringent. Only when it is satisfied may the Bewley set be interpreted as reflecting only perceived ambiguity and not also taste aspects such as ambiguity aversion.

Jeffrey Pfeffer: stop selling leadership malarkey

Purpose – For insights into the debate between consultants who advocate authentic, character-based leadership and those that believe leadership is primarily an exercise of political power, S & L interviewed Professor Jeffrey Pfeffer, author of Leadership BS: Fixing Workplaces and Careers One Truth at a Time. Design/methodology/approach – Professor Pfeffer believes “By any measure or set of relevant measures, the leadership industry has failed and continues to do so.” The interviewer asks him why he reached this conclusion and what implications this has for practitioners. Findings – Simply put, leaders need to be true to what others need from them, not to how they may be feeling. Practical implications – Professor Pfeffer offers a reminder of the enduring functionality of political skills and acumen in the workplace, which many adherents of the “inspirational leadership” approach don’t seem to want to embrace. Originality/value – Professor Pfeffer offers a no-holds-barred account of the intersection of modern workplace realities and self-interested leadership.

The Components of the Simple View of Reading: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

The simple view of reading admits two components in accounting for individual differences in reading comprehension: a print-dependent component related to decoding and word identification, and a print-independent one related to oral language comprehension. It has been debated whether word or nonword reading is a better index of the print-dependent component and whether vocabulary measures fit within the print-independent component or constitute an additional factor. Here we apply a confirmatory factor analysis on a set of relevant measures from 488 Greek children in Grades 3–5 independently of reading comprehension. The results indicate that word and nonword reading do not constitute distinct factors but covary along the same two dimensions of accuracy and fluency. Oral vocabulary measures group with listening comprehension, resulting in excellent model fits. Strong correlations were observed between the latent factors of the purported print-dependent and print-independent components, consistent with an approach that focuses on the strong relations among semantic, orthographic, and phonological aspects of word representations.

Modeling and simulation of the energy use in an occupied residential building in cold climate

In order to reduce the energy use in the building sector there is a demand for tools that can identify significant building energy performance parameters. In the work introduced in this paper presents a methodology, based on a simulation module and graphical figures, for interactive investigations of the building energy performance. The building energy use simulation program is called TEKLA and is using EN832 with an improved procedure in calculating the heat loss through the floor and the solar heat gain. The graphical figures are simple and are illustrating the savings based on retrofit measures and climate conditions. The accuracy of the TEKLA simulation was investigated on a typical single-family building in Sweden for a period of time in a space heating demand of relatively cold and mild climate. The model was found applicable for relative investigations. Further, the methodology was applied on a typical single family reference building. The climate data from three locations in Sweden were collected and a set of relevant measures were studied. The investigated examples illustrate how decisions in the early stages of the building design process can have decisive importance on the final building energy performance.