Set Of Important Properties Research Articles

The Current Carriers’ Dispersion Law of a Crystal, Their Chemical Potential and a Set of Important Properties of Crystals

In this paper, a new non-parabolic dispersion law has been established, which for a small parameter of the spectrum nonparabolicity coincides with the known Kane’s nonparabolic dispersion law. The Kane’s dispersion law works well when the well-known parameter of nonparabolicity is much less than 1, and the new law works well enough when the parameter of nonparabolicity is less than 1. In addition, this law shows that crystals with a band gap (i.e., forbidden band width) Eg~10-1 eV – these are semiconductor crystals, crystals with Eg~10-2 eV – these are metals.

Composite Indicators based on the Principle of Least Action and Data Envelopment Analysis. An application to Corporate Social Responsibility Data

This paper introduces a model to construct composite indicators that is based upon the determination of the least distance from each assessed unit to a frontier estimated by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The model also allows accounting for the existence of slacks in all the considered dimensions (sub-indicators), playing with the notion of Pareto-efficiency. All previous approaches based on DEA for building composite indicators maximize in some sense the sum of these slacks, determining the furthest and less credible targets and peers for the set of evaluated units. In contrast, the new model applies the Principle of Least Action (PLA), which ultimately determines the closest targets on the efficient frontier. Additionally, in order to assure the satisfaction of a set of important properties (units invariance, translation invariance, Pareto-efficiency, strong monotonicity), the model implements a new version of the Russell output measure of technical efficiency working with full dimensional efficient facets (FDEFs). This also guarantees that the weights used for the aggregation of the sub-indicators are always strictly positive. Finally, the new approach is illustrated by an application to the sphere of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).

Apparent Closure Domain by Standard 180° Domain Theory and Necessity of Fundamental Screening in the Theory

We show that the standard 180° domain theory cannot consistently explain a set of important properties of domains. Furthermore, the distribution of polarization given by the standard 180° domain theory is a closure domain, which appears to disagree with experimental results. We suggest that the necessity of a high relative permittivity in the theory indicates the existence of electrical screening by free charges. A revision of the standard theory is proposed.