Set Of Experimental Equipment Research Articles

Triboelectrification Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Environment

With the rapid development of industrialization, more and more organic pollutants are entering the water environment, rendering the treatment of organic pollutants a key issue in protecting it. Therefore, finding a convenient and effective method for degrading organic pollutants in water is of great importance. Triboelectrification is known as the process of charge transfer during the friction process. It is always accompanied by the energy level transition of electrons or holes, making it a potential method for catalytic degradation, which we refer to as triboelectrification catalysis. In this study, a set of experimental equipment was developed. The device is composed of a mechanical system, a control system, and a measurement system that can realize the quantitative measurement of the triboelectrification catalysis under different friction pairs, different loads, and different contact frequencies. Using the developed device, we observed stable triboelectrification catalytic degradation. This study performed triboelectrification catalytic experiments on various organic compounds including methyl orange, rhodamine, and tetracycline. The results revealed that these three organic compounds were degraded by 39%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, within three hours of being under the influence of triboelectrification catalysis. Subsequently, this study conducted triboelectrification catalytic experiments using materials with different triboelectric capacities. This study found that the triboelectric capacity significantly impacted the triboelectrification catalytic degradation rate, providing further evidence for the mechanism of triboelectrification catalysis. Additionally, this study found that SiO2 and Al2O3, which also utilize electrons as the primary carrier for triboelectrification, are capable of catalyzing the degradation of a methyl orange solution. Therefore, this study suggests that the triboelectrification catalysis is a versatile and widely applicable method for treating organic pollutants in water. With a broad range of catalyst sources and the ability to effectively degrade various organic pollutants, it shows promise as a solution for the problem of water pollution.

Development of a volatile organic compounds cryogenic condensation recovery system cooled by liquid nitrogen

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of ozone and PM2.5, and the reduction of VOCs emission is a key to control ozone and PM2.5 pollutions. For high-value VOCs such as oil gas, the cryogenic condensation method based on liquid nitrogen cooling is an effective way to recover VOCs. This method can achieve a refrigeration temperature of -170°C or even lower so that the treated exhaust gas concentration can satisfy the emission standard. In this paper, a thermodynamic model is established to calculate and analyze a designed three-stage condensation recovery VOCs system process based on liquid nitrogen cooling. A set of experimental equipment was further developed and tested. And the system process, calculation results, and experimental results are introduced.

Constryction verification and modeling of acoustic measuring probe

The paper presents a study of wave processes occurring in the experimental measuring acoustic probe. The probe is designed for contactless measurement of linear dimensions and micro-movements of physical objects using acoustic oscillations in the sound range. In the course of the study, an equivalent circuit of the probe in the form of a T-link band electric K-filter was drawn up. According to the design geometric parameters of the acoustic probe, the electrical parameters of the K-filter components are calculated. To verify the theoretical results, a set of experimental equipment was developed, and a method of experimental research was developed. Experimental studies have confirmed the possibility of designing acoustic probe using the proposed method of calculating the geometric parameters of its elements.

Design and modeling of a driving system for soft massage robot

In this paper, a driving system of the soft massage robot was presented, capable of switching between curved and vertical states to complete palm kneading and palm pressing. The bending and the vertical state were achieved by filling unequal-pressure and isobaric gas into 3 actuators respectively. On that basis, first, the theoretical model between F and L, D, D1, D2, h1, Pjin at the vertical state was built by complying with the force balance equation and the moment balance equation. Second, the actuator was simplified as an equivalent spring, and then the kinematics model at the bending state was established. Lastly, the output force model at the bending state was set in accordance with the force balance equation again. To verify the accuracy of the workspace and the output force, a set of experimental equipment was built, consisting of a pneumatic module prototype, a pneumatic control system, as well as an experimental testing device. Furthermore, the stability of the pneumatic module performance was determined by performing the repeated experiments, and the consistency between the theoretical model and the experimental results was verified.

Research on Multimodal Perceptual Navigational Virtual and Real Fusion Intelligent Experiment Equipment and Algorithm

Virtual experiment is an important field of human-computer interaction. With more and more virtual laboratories emerging, we found that problems regarding virtual experiments are rising. Such problems can be listed as follows: First, human-computer interaction has lower efficiency during the process of virtual experiment, which means the computer cannot understand the user's intention thus leading to incorrect operation. Second, there are less detections for false behavior during experiments. Third, the virtual laboratory's sense of operation and realism is not strong. In order to solve the above problems, the multimodal sensing navigation virtual and real fusion laboratory (MSNVRFL) was designed and implemented in this paper. We design a new set of experimental equipment with the function of cognition and study a multimodal fusion model and algorithm for chemical experiments, which are both finally verified and applied in MSNVRFL. By using multimodal fusion perception algorithm, the user's true intentions can be understood and the human-computer interaction efficiency can be improved. By carrying out a virtual experiment with the mold of virtual and real fusion, problems like resources wasting and dangers happened during experiment can be avoided, user's sense of operation and realism can be improved. In addition, teaching navigation and wrong operation behavior reminders are provided for users. The experimental result shows that our method can improve the efficiency of human-computer interaction, reduce the user's cognitive load, strengthen the user's sense of reality and operation and stimulate students' interest in learning.

A Study of On-site Shale Gas Detecting Device Based on Mass Spectroscopy

As unconventional gas preserved in organic-rich shale and the intercalary strata, shale gas cannot be effectively explored and developed effortlessly. Considering that gas content detecting is time consuming in shale gas exploitation process, an on-site detecting method was raised in this paper for shale gas components and concentrations. By software programming, online process control was achieved. In combination with a high-precision mass spectrometer, such a method can be used to fulfill the change from off-line detection to real-time automated measurement. In addition, a system prototype was developed by hardware design made based on the design flow. As proven by experiments, the entire set of experimental equipment completely satisfies industrial production requirements and its pressure-maintaining and explosion-proof function is applicable to various operating conditions, which fills in the gaps in shale gas component and concentration on-site detecting devices of China.

Conception and experimental investigation of a hybrid temperature control method using phase change material for permanent magnet synchronous motors

The big temperature rising is the principle problem that constrains the application of the permanent magnet synchronous motors with high power density in more-electric aircrafts and all-electric aircrafts. This paper proposed a novel conception of a hybrid temperature control method using phase change material for the permanent magnet synchronous motors. The design models of a hybrid cooling casing in cylinder-shape were developed, and a prototype case optimized with paraffin as the phase change material was built. A set of experimental equipment was constructed to verify the thermal managing performance of the hybrid cooling method. The impacts of different heat loads and various working duty cycles on the cooling effectiveness of the casing were analyzed experimentally and parametrically. Results indicate that the hybrid temperature control method performs well in extending the duration of work time and decreasing the temperature rising of the motor, and the design models developed in this paper could be suitable in designing other parallel systems.

Experimental Study on the Down-Speed of Conductor Pipe Influenced by Jetting Displacement in Deepwater Drilling

Based on the theory of jet drilling technology and displacement optimization, a set of experimental equipment about jet drilling is devised. The laws of conductor pipe down-speed influenced by pump displacement were studied by laboratory experiments. According to the experimental results and analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn. The down-speed of conductor pipe increases with the increasing of displacement, also the drilling speed is boosted. But the unstableness of borehole wall is augmented as well. And this will result in the increasing of waiting time for borehole formation. In the process of conductor pipe jetting, the conductor pipe down-speed and the waiting time of soil returning to a certain bearing capacity should be considered together in order to shorten the entirety drilling time. The research can provide certain references for expensive offshore operation and have important significance to improve the economic benefits of deepwater drilling.

Influence of environmental temperature on gas explosion pressure and its rise rate

Based on the theoretical analyses, a set of experimental equipment, which consisting of a 20-litre closed spherical container, a gas distribution system, an ignition system, a heating system and a data acquisition system, was adopted to experimentally investigate the effects of the different environmental temperatures on the gas explosion pressure and the maximum pressure rise rate. The experimental results show that when the other conditions remain unchangeable, the maximum explosion pressure gradually decreases with the increase of the environmental temperature and its attenuation is linear with the reciprocal of the environmental temperature. With the increase of the environmental temperature, the chemical reaction rate quickens, and the time that the explosion pressure reaches its peak shortens. The maximum pressure rise rate of the gas explosion is nonlinear with the increase of the environmental temperature, but it basically remains unchanged in the 298-473 K environmental temperature range.

Effects of forced solution flow on lysozyme crystal growth

AbstractIn order to study quantitatively the effects of forced solution on crystal growth, we designed a new set of experimental equipment, in particular, a microchannel mixer was used as crystallization container so that the consumption of protein samples was much reduced and thus an exact syringe pump could be used for precise control of the flow rates. Since the mixer's section was designed to be rectangular, the solution velocity in its center was steady and constant, and thus repeatable experiments were facilitated. Experimental results showed that the effects of forced solution on protein crystal growth were different under different levels of supersaturation, and new results were obtained for cases of high supersaturation. When the supersaturation is σ = 2.3, with increasing flow rates the growth rates of the lysozyme crystal's (110) face hardly change when the flow rates are lower than 1300 μm/s, and decrease quickly afterwards. When the flow rate reaches 2000 μm/s, the crystal nearly ceases to grow. When the supersaturation is σ = 2.7, with increasing flow rates the (110) face growth rates increase at the beginning then reach the maximum values at 1700 μm/s – 1900 μm/s and decrease afterwards, approaching zero or so when the flow rate reaches 12000 μm/s. The higher the supersaturation, the larger the flow rate at which the crystal ceases to grow. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Technology for Confecting Polymer Solution With Desalinated Produced Water

Summary Polymer-flooding technology has been used widely in the Daqing oil field of China in recent years. To maintain the viscosity of a polymer solution, fresh water typically is used to confect the polymer solution instead of produced water. In doing so, a problem emerges—the produced water cannot be injected completely into the stratum. The superfluous produced water has to be treated to meet the requirements of discharge, which increases the cost of oil production. In this study, the produced water is desalinated through the implentation of of an electrodialysis principle. A set of experimental equipment that can desalinate produced water at a capacity of 300 m3/d was established at a produced-water-treat-ment station in the Daqing oil field. The experiment's results indicate that the total salinity of desalinated produced water can be less than 1000 mg/L. The polymer solution confected with desalinated produced water has more statistically significant characteristics than fresh water in that the viscosity increases by 63.5% and the recovery rate increases by 4.5%. This experimental study will be beneficial to keeping the balance of oily-water production and injection in oil fields. This technology for pro-duced-water desalination will have better application prospects in the polymer-flooding process.

Warm deep drawing of magnesium alloy sheets — formability and process conditions

The influence of deformation conditions on the formability of magnesium alloy was systematically investigated using the experimental method and finite element analysis. The research activity aimed to gain further insight into the formability of magnesium alloy AZ31 (aluminium 3 wt per cent, zinc 1 wt per cent) and to have first-hand knowledge of the correlations between the material's properties and the processing parameters. In this work, the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet were analysed according to the results of tensile tests. A set of experimental equipment with temperature control was employed to perform warm deep drawing of magnesium alloy AZ31 sheets under various forming conditions. The most important process parameters, including the punch speed, the forming temperature, and the geometrical shape of the blank, were taken into account and optimal values were proposed. Finite element analyses were also performed to evaluate the effects of the process parameters on the formability of rectangular cup drawing and to predict the process defects during the process.

Experimental and modeling study of kinetics for methane hydrate formation with tetrahydrofuran as promoter

The kinetics behavior of methane hydrate formation in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as promoter was studied. A set of experimental equipment was designed and constructed. A series of kinetics data for the formation of methane hydrate in the presence of THF were measured with the isochoric method. The influences of temperature, pressure and liquid flow rate on the methane consumption rate were studied respectively. Based on the Chen-Guo hydrate formation mechanism, a kinetics model for the formation of methane hydrate in the presence of THF by using the dimensionless Gibbs free energy difference of quasi-chemical reaction of basic hydrate formation, — δG/RT as the driving force was proposed. The model was used to calculate the rate of methane consumption and it was shown that the calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental results.

Rheological and heat transfer characterizations of non-Newtonian fluid falling film in evaporation process

A set of experimental equipment was established for falling film evaporation. The aqueous CMC (carboxymethylcellulo) solution was used to simulate the non-Newtonian fluid that obeys the power law model. Effects of rheology of the non-Newtonian fluid on heat transfer were investigated experimentally. A theoretical model was developed and coupling characteristics between rheology and heat transfer were described in non-Newtonian environmental fluid falling film in evaporation process. The different theoretical models were established for the developing region and the fully developed region in this evaporation process, respectively. Using finite difference method and shooting method, the simulated calculations were obtained. Furthermore, by introducing the generalized Reynolds number and the Prandtl number, which includes the necessary physical properties of the non-Newtonian fluid, a correlation about the Nusselt number was proposed for non-Newtonian fluid falling film in evaporation process.

Computation of em field distribution in a biological medium and experimental confirmation

Theory and numerical computation of EM field distribution rule in a biological medium with irregular shape are described. Integral equations of induced EM field distribution in biological body are deduced from EM field scattering. Numerical computations are conducted by the moment method. In order to verify the effectiveness of the theory, a set of experimental equipment is designed precisely. The results of numerical computation are compared with measured values. It is shown that they are in good agreement. This theory can be used widely for its generality.