Set Of Basic Functions Research Articles

Classification of the functions of shopping and entertainment centers taken into account the specifics of their construction in the republic of the Congo

The article analyzes the location and makes a classification of the main, auxiliary and technical premises of shopping and entertainment complexes. The research was carried out on the basis of analyzed project experience and previous scientific research related to the formation of the structure of service facilities and shopping and entertainment centers. The classification includes all the variety of basic functions. The classification includes entertainment functions, consumer services functions and stores of various types of goods. The article discusses the rules for the location of product groups within shopping and entertainment centers. The author proposed a layout of the main groups of goods based on the rule of random purchase. According to the scheme, goods and services that are in greatest demand must be placed as far as possible from the entrance areas. Then, along the route to the main product groups, there is a possibility that the buyer will make a random purchase. This increases the likelihood of efficient functioning of the shopping and entertainment center Also in the article, the author proposes an additional set of basic functions that can increase traffic to shopping centers and provide entertainment services for different social and age groups. This list includes group fitness rooms without expensive sports equipment, as well as roller rinks, green areas, playgrounds, children's and adult educational out-of-school classes, as well as street food areas and street trading areas for fairs. Proper organization of these functions within shopping centers can increase their attendance and, as a result, increase their profits. This will also provide the opportunity for trade and service to the maximum number of people from different social groups.

Single crystal of barium bis para-nitrophenolate para-nitrophenol tetrahydrate for NLO applications: crystal growth and DFT analysis

Abstract Single crystals of barium bis para-Nitrophenolate para-Nitrophenol tetrahydrate (BBPNT) were grown via the slow evaporation technique. The crystal dimensions were measured to be 15 mm × 10 mm × 6 mm. The BBPNT crystal was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectrum, UV–vis spectrum, dielectric studies, thermo-gravimetric (TG) differential thermal analyses (DTA), Vickers microhardness test, second-harmonic generation efficiency, Z-scan technique, PL spectra, and laser damage threshold studies. These findings were previously published in our paper. In the current situation, the theoretical methods include analyzing several aspects, such as the molecular structure determined using X-ray experimentation at its lowest energy state. This analysis is then contrasted by means of density functional theory (DFT) with a suitable set of basic functions. The first-order hyperpolarizability may also be determined via the use of Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. The molecule’s stability, resulting from hyper conjugative interactions, was examined using the natural bond orbital approach to analyses its nonlinear optical activity and charge delocalization. The magnitude of the HOMO–LUMO energy gap indicates the potential for charge transfer inside the molecule. The investigation of donor-acceptor interactions was conducted using NBO analysis based on optimized ground state geometries.

Design of reverse converters for the general RNS 3-moduli set {2k, 2n − 1, 2n + 1}

This paper presents a new design method of the reverse (residue-to-binary) converter for the flexible 3-moduli residue number system (RNS) set { 2^k, 2^n-1, 2^n+1 }, where k and n are a pair of arbitrary integers ge 2. The basic equation of the reverse converter is formulated in two alternative forms, each of which consists of two separate parts: one depending on input variables of the converter, and the other being a single constant. The constant can be either added inside the reverse converter or shifted out to the residue datapath channels, in most cases at no hardware cost or extra delay. From the set of basic functions, which are essentially different than those of the only two known general converters proposed for this moduli set, four versions of a converter can be designed for any pair of k and n. Experimental results obtained using the commercial 65-nm low-power design kit and industrial synthesis tools for all dynamic ranges from 8 to 40 bits suggest that, compared to the state-of-the-art designs, at least one version of the newly proposed converters is superior w.r.t. delay, power consumption, and area, for all dynamic ranges considered. The savings for the best versions (these with constants moved to the datapath channels) are up to 12.7% for the area and from 2.5% to 14% (5.8 % on average) for the delay, while the power consumption is reduced up to 23.2% (5.6% on average).

АНАЛІТИЧНІ ФУНКЦІЇ НЕЛІНІЙНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ПОЛЬОТУ СНАРЯДА

When calculating projectile flight trajectories, an urgent issue is the definition and representation of aerodynamic forces (moments) and parameters of the atmosphere, which are significantly non-linear in nature, in the system of mathematical models - differential equations of spatial motion of projectiles. A significant component of the error in determining the aerodynamic force is introduced by the operation of numerical differentiation of tabular values of aerodynamic coefficients, which are included as components in systems of differential equations. In this direction, a scientific approach based on the approximation of the data of aerodynamic coefficients and parameters of the atmosphere by analytical functions is promising, the requirement for which is the possibility of obtaining a single and continuous function within the entire range of changes in the flight parameters of the projectile and ensuring their best approximation to tabular data. A unified approach to the possibility of approximating qualitatively different aerodynamic coefficients and parameters of the atmosphere found further development; as approximating functions, it is proposed to use an analytical function as the sum of a reference function (error function) and a set of basic functions (Gaussian functions), which allows to obtain a continuous-differentiated approximating function on the segment of the change of the projectile flight parameter, which can be represented by a single analytical expression. The obtained values of the single continuous-differentiated on the segment of the change of the projectile flight parameter approximating the function of the aerodynamic coefficients and the parameters of the atmosphere, which are given by a single analytical expression, can be used to solve the problems of calculating Firing tables and preparing data using ballistic integrating algorithms for firing artillery systems. Keywords: aerodynamic forces (moments), parameters of the atmosphere, projectile, approximation, differentiation, analytical expression, error function, Gaussian function.

A collocation method using generalized Laguerre polynomials for solving nonlinear optimal control problems governed by integro-differential equations

The Laguerre polynomials represent a new set of basic functions adopted to solve a class of optimal control problems (OCP) specified by integro-differential equation namely IOCP. The corresponding operational matrices of derivatives are computed to extend the solution of the problem in terms of Laguerre polynomials. Using the results of the considered basis functions with a joint application of collocation method, the IOCP is reduced to solve a system of nonlinear algebraic system. Come acrossing an error bound and convergence analysis for the approximate optimal value of the performance index have been proved by the proposed method. Finally, some examples are given to bring about the validity and applicability of this technique.

Assessment of the accuracy of the approximation of the nonlinear parameters of the projectile flight

The article evaluates the accuracy of the approximation of the aerodynamic force coefficients (moments) of the projectile and atmospheric parameters, which are significantly nonlinear. The aerodynamic force coefficients (moments) of the 155-mm Assegai M2000 projectile of the South African company Denel Naschem and atmospheric parameters defined by the international standard ISO 2533:1975/Add.1:1985(en) Standard Atmosphere are taken as basis. The estimation of the accuracy of the approximation of the tabular values is presented through the relative error (misalignment) between the given tabular data and the values of the approximated function of the aerodynamic force coefficients (moments). Analytical functions are used as approximating functions, such as the sum of a support function (error function) and a set of basic functions (Gaussian functions), which makes it possible to obtain an approximating function continuously differentiated on the segment of the change in the projectile flight parameter, which can be represented by a single expression. In the Maple software environment, analytical functions (error functions and Gaussian functions) were approximated to the tabulated values of the aerodynamic coefficients of forces (moments) of the 155-mm Assegai M2000 projectile. The obtained values of the single analytical functions of force coefficients (moments) and atmospheric parameters can be used to solve the problems of calculating firing tables, preparing data using ballistic integrating algorithms (ballistic calculators) for firing existing, new artillery systems and those systems being modernized. It is shown that by iterative procedures of approximation of tabular data of aerodynamic force coefficients (moments) and parameters of the atmosphere, it is possible to construct analytical functions in the form of a continuous function of the projectile flight parameter within the entire range of its change, ensuring the given accuracy of its approximation to the tabular data.

Multivariate group-sparse mode decomposition

In signal decomposition, a complex and nonstationary signal is decomposed into a set of basic functions, usually called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). In multivariate signal decomposition, it is assumed that analogous IMFs across all channels share common bandwidths (BWs). In this paper, a generic extension of the group-sparse mode decomposition (GSMD) for multivariate (multichannel) signal decomposition is developed. The univariate GSMD is based on the assumption that the spectral energy of the measured signal is concentrated in disjoint groups, and each group represents the spectral energy of one of the IMFs. This concept is generalized in the proposed algorithm to the multivariate measurements. Accordingly, the penalized least-squares objective function used for deriving GSMD is adapted in this paper to handle the multivariate measurements, where the weightedℓ0-norm is utilized as the penalty term, and the weighting parameters and the regularization parameter are calculated using techniques based on energy detection over short windows. In addition, two thresholding strategies were applied by the proposed algorithm to overcome the mode-mixing phenomenon. The derived algorithm is referred to as generalized GSMD (gGSMD). The gGSMD is further developed to handle the case when the analogous IMFs have disparate BWs across channels, and the resulting algorithm is referred to as multivariate GSMD (MvGSMD). The MvGSMD enjoys the following desired properties: robustness against noise, fast convergence, mode alignment, automatically estimating the number of IMFs, producing orthogonal IMFs, and efficiently adjusting the BW of each individual IMF even when analogous IMFs across channels have disparate BWs. All these properties were validated using numerical results on simulated data and real EEG and physiological data. The simulation results also show that the proposed algorithm outperforms many state-of-the-art multivariate signal decomposition algorithms.

Model-Driven Development of Groupware Systems

Building Collaborative systems with awareness (or groupware) is a very complex task. This article presents the use of the domain specific language CSSL v2.0 - Collaborative Software System Language -built as an extension of UML, using the metamodeling mechanism. CSSL provides simplicity, expressiveness and precision to model the main concepts of collaborative systems, especially collaborative processes, protocols and awareness.The CSSL concrete syntax is defined via a set of editors through which collaborative systems models are created. According to the MDD methodology, models are independent of the implementation platform and are formally prepared to be transformed. The target of the transformation is a web application that provides a set of basic functions that developers can refine to complete the development of the collaborative system. Finally, evaluation, validation and verification of the language is performed, determining that the CSSL tools allow developers to solve central aspects of collaborative systems implementation in a simple and reasonable way.

Group-sparse mode decomposition: A signal decomposition algorithm based on group-sparsity in the frequency domain

A new signal decomposition algorithm is developed in this paper. The goal of signal decomposition is to decompose a complex and nonstationary signal into a set of basic functions, usually called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). In the proposed algorithm, it is assumed that each IMF has a limited bandwidth, and the frequency bands of various IMFs are disjoint. Based on this assumption, it is suggested to estimate the IMFs using a set of ideal filters designed in the frequency domain. The ideal filter bank is estimated in the proposed algorithm using penalized least-squares, where the weightedℓ0-norm is utilized as the penalty term. In addition, the weighting parameters (used with the weightedℓ0-norm) and the regularization parameter are calculated using techniques based on energy detection over short windows. It was found that the optimum value of the regularization parameter depends on the noise variance and the size of the windows over which the energy is calculated. To maintain the adaptivity of the proposed algorithm, two techniques are suggested for estimating the values of these two parameters from the analyzed signals. The numerical results on simulated and real data show that the proposed algorithm is fast, robust against noise, and outperforms some state-of-the-art signal decomposition algorithms.

Application of exponential functions in weighted residuals method in structural mechanics. Part 3: infinite cylindrical shell under concentrated forces

Solution for cylindrical shell under concentrated force is a fundamental problem which allow to consider many other cases of loading and geometries. Existing solutions were based on simplified assumptions, and the ranges of accuracy of them still remains unknown. The common idea is the expansion of them into Fourier series with respect to circumferential coordinate. This reduces the problem to 8th order even differential equation as to axial coordinate. Yet the finding of relevant 8 eigenfunctions and exact relation of 8 constant of integrations with boundary conditions are still beyond the possibilities of analytical treatment. In this paper we apply the decaying exponential functions in Galerkin-like version of weighted residual method to above-mentioned 8th order equation. So, we construct the sets of basic functions each to satisfy boundary conditions as well as axial and circumferential equilibrium equations. The latter gives interdependencies between the coefficients of circumferential and axial displacements with the radial ones. As to radial equilibrium, it is satisfied only approximately by minimizations of residuals. In similar way we developed technique for application of Navier like version of WRM. The results and peculiarities of WRM application are discussed in details for cos2j concentrated loading, which methodologically is the most complicated case, because it embraces the longest distance over the cylinder. The solution for it clearly exhibits two types of behaviors – long-wave and short-wave ones, the analytical technique of treatment of them was developed by first author elsewhere, and here was successfully compared. This example demonstrates the superior accuracy of two semi analytical WRM methods. It was shown that Navier method while being simpler in realization still requires much more (at least by two orders) terms than exponential functions.

Alternative mechanisms of the primary act of gas-phase monomolecular thermal decomposition of N-methyl-N’-methoxydiazene-N-oxide according to the data of quantum chemical calculations

The mechanisms of the primary act of thermal decomposition of the simplest representative of the series of alkoxy-NNO-azoxy compounds – N-methyl-N’-methoxydiazene-N- oxide are studied using quantum-chemical density functional methods PBE, B3LYP, wB97XD with different sets of basic functions, as well as the composite G4 method. It is shown that the most probable channel of its thermal destruction, leading to the formation of experimentally observed reaction products, is isomerization because of rotation of the OCH3 group around the NO bond with the subsequent transfer of the CH3 group between oxygen atoms. In this case, the transfer of the CH3 group is the limiting reaction of the thermal decomposition of N-methyl-N’-methoxydiazene-N-oxide as a whole.

Methods of creating a multimedia online gallery

The aim of the article is to develop a methodology for creating a multimedia online gallery based on the use of appropriate CMS and key ergonomic requirements. The practical result of the study is a set of recommendations to developers and designers to improve the quality and efficiency of creating a multimedia online gallery. The working hypothesis of the study was the statement that the structure of sections of a multimedia online gallery can be determined on the basis of the necessary functionality of the gallery. To test the working hypothesis of the study, such scientific tasks were achieved to achieve goals as algorithmization of the choice of the structure of a multimedia online gallery, coordination of the basic set of functions, classification of functions and sections by clustering. A tree of goals for the development of a multimedia online gallery has been created in the work. A set of general requirements for the online gallery site, describing conceptual, constructive and other requirements, is considered. The general structure of sections and subsections of the multimedia online gallery is given and substantiated. The software methods of creating an online gallery site are analyzed in detail. The article systematizes the main content management systems and online designers, which allow you to “assemble” the site of the electronic gallery and place it on the Internet from a ready-made standard set of modules and components. Particular attention in the work is paid to the stages of coordination of the technical task and structuring of information. Emphasis is placed on the issues of search engine optimization of the gallery site in order to increase indexing in the relevant systems. The paper presents a clear division of functions of the media gallery project manager and web designer in relation to the development of the gallery site and its promotion in search engines. The article describes the necessary initial data for the development of a multimedia online gallery, which includes the requirements for the developed system, a description of the subject area, resources and time for implementation. The study lists the key stages of creating a multimedia online gallery and analyzes the main components of these stages. The article recommends a description and visualization of the components of a multimedia online gallery involved in the software implementation of the development, in accordance with the proposed general structure of sections and subsections of the online gallery site. As a further direction of this study, it is proposed to consider the creation of a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the development of a multimedia online gallery.

Sustainable Development of Leisure Tourism Agriculture in Guangzhou Based on Data Hierarchical Modeling

Hierarchical modeling breaks down the problem of multiple input and multiple output modeling into a series of single input multiple output data modeling problems. This method can improve the efficiency and accuracy of multi-input multi-output system modeling. The model is suitable for describing a system with a complex structure and can contain more input variables, which is conducive to making full use of the existing system information. The problem of data modeling is to get this kind of mapping relationship. Usually a set of basic functions is selected for linear combination, an expression of F with a parameter is given, and then the coefficient of the parameter is determined by least square method or other methods. Urban agriculture was proposed in the process of industrialization and urbanization, with the rapid development of the urban economy, the increasingly severe environmental problems, and the deepening of the idea of sustainable development. Urban agriculture tourism is developed based on urban agriculture by developing various functions of urban agriculture. It makes the development of urban tourism more plentiful and novel, and further expands the space for agricultural development. Therefore, to find the efficient way, this paper proposes the pattern of the sustainable development of leisure tourism agriculture in Guangzhou based on data hierarchical modeling. Numerical analysis and the sample overview are provided to test he performance of the proposed methodology.

Analisis Perbandingan Kompresi Suara Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis dan Transformasi Wavelet

One of the requirements faced as a result of information technology development is memory and transmission efficiency. This requirement can be overcome with data compression. Compression is a method to obtain compact data with a smaller size but still maintaining similarity to the original data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an algorithm in machine learning that is used to reduce dimensions. Dimensional reduction is a process of transforming high-dimensional data into new subspaces with lower dimensions. The goal is to use some principal components to represents the original data. Wavelet transformation represents a signal into a set of basic functions through filter analysis. Wavelets concentrate information into coefficients of approximation and coefficients of detail. Wavelet transform produces a lot of zero or close to zero coefficients that can be neglected so it can reduce storage space. In this research, we will propose the implementation of PCA and Wavelet for digital audio compression. The audio was performed with the .wav format. The compressed audio will be evaluated based on Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE). The mean PSNR obtained when using a wavelet is 47.61601 dB with an average MSE of 3.76 x 10-5. Meanwhile, when using PCA, the PSNR average was 57.3962772 dB and the average MSE obtained was 4.59 x 10-5. Four out of five compressed audio had a larger PSNR and smaller MSE when using PCA. Thus, the Principal Component Analysis algorithm can be better used for audio compression than the level 1 of Symlet Wavelet Transformation.

Control of Parametrically Perturbed Objects with a Full Information

The objective of this paper was to justify the new synthesis method of stabilizing controller for parametrically perturbed systems, which often appear in mobile robots, aircrafts, engineering objects with non-stationary parameters, intellectual control systems with a self-learning etc. Due to the high complexity and uncertainty of these systems, the classical PID controllers are not applicable and so a full information about the object state vector is used. Controllers obtained in this way allow to minimize the integral quality criterion of the system with the worst case parameter perturbation. For this purpose, the methods of differential games and switching systems theories were applied. Control laws are calculated by using the value function of the corresponding differential game, which can be obtained by solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs equations. A special set of basic functions was developed to approximate the value function and satisfy the boundary conditions. Finally, controller synthesis for a specific object with a nonstationary parameter is given. It significantly exceeds both the linear and fuzzy controllers in terms of quality. In the task of analyzing system qualitative characteristics under the worst parametric perturbation, our results are compared to the modern direct collocation methods of optimal control. With the same accuracy, proposed method is two times faster for low order systems. To verify that developed controllers can be employed in real time applications, we present computational time and memory usage in the end of the article.

The Nigeria Watch Project and the Challenges in the Study of Lethal Violence in Nigeria

Focusing on the Nigeria Watch project (accessible on http://www.nigeriawatch.org/), this article ponders the study of lethal violence in Nigeria and its challenges. Rumors about violent deaths spread widely in Nigeria, most notably through social media. Academics, journalists or members of the public interested in investigating violent phenomena in the country often struggle to find reliable sources. That is why a team of academics decided to set up the Nigeria Watch Project in June 2006. This article examines and discusses the Nigeria Watch Project and its attempt to further the study of violence in Nigeria. Building on several Nigerian newspapers, Nigeria Watch aims at constituting a database of violent deaths on a daily basis. Deadly incidents are coded in the database along with specific information such as causes of death and location. The data is made available for mapping, understanding and analyzing violent trends in Nigeria. The project guarantees open access to its newspaper sources and a set of basic functionalities. More advanced features are available to password holders, who can use the data to create their own visuals, including graphs, charts and maps. This article also recognizes some limits and shortcomings of the database and, more generally, the difficulties of conducting qualitative and quantitative research on violence in African contexts. For instance, sources are a major point of contention: the database relies on newspaper reporting, which is biased and patchy. Categorizing deadly events results also from subjective choices and can be subjected to criticisms. Despite these challenges, the collected data may eventually contribute decisively to identifying patterns of violence in Nigeria, debunking popular misconceptions or myths and informing evidence-based policies.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПРОГРАММНО-АППАРАТНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ГТС

The need to create a single unified information and diagnostic system to ensure the safe operation of hydraulic structures is caused by the requirements of the Federal Law ”On the safety of hydraulic structures“ (No. 117-FZ). At the current moment, the systems used are heterogeneous and are being developed according to the requirements of operation and expert organizations, while the uniformity of terminology and approach to assessing the state of objects is not ensured. The purpose of this work is to define approaches and to develop architecture for a unified information and diagnostic system. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the performance of the minimum set of functions necessary for a comprehensive analysis of the state of hydraulic structures. There is given a description of the architecture and basic set of functions of the information system which make it possible to monitor the state of hydraulic structures. The systematization of the functionality of the existing information systems has been carried out, on the basis of the analysis the optimal composition of the minimum number of functions which provide control over the safe operation of hydraulic structures has been developed.

Effectiveness of geographic information systems in land management and cadastres

In the article, the authors consider the effectiveness of geographic information systems in the field of land management and cadastres. The authors also analyzed the basic set of functions implemented in GIS.

Development of a Metaheuristic Programming Method for Synthesis of Nonlinear Models

The solution of the problem of building nonlinear models (mathematical expressions, functions, algorithms, and programs) based on an experimental data set, a set of variables, or a set of basic functions and operations is considered. A metaheuristic programming method for the evolutionary synthesis of nonlinear models has been developed; in this method, a chromosome is represented in the form of a vector of real numbers and allows the use of various bio-inspired (nature-inspired) optimization algorithms in the search for models. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is estimated using ten bio-inspired algorithms (two modifications of the genetic programming algorithm, differential evolution algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, artificial bee colony algorithm, teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm and two of its modifications, covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy, and simultaneous heat transfer search algorithm) and compared with the results of standard algorithms of genetic programming, grammatical evolution, and Cartesian genetic programming. The experiments have shown a significant advantage of this approach as compared to the above-mentioned algorithms in terms of both the time needed for finding the solution (greater than by an order of magnitude in most cases) and the probability of finding a given function (model) (greater than twice in many cases).

Polygonal inclusions with nonuniform eigenstrains in an isotropic half plane

Polygonal inclusion problem in an isotropic half plane is investigated in this paper. The eigenstrains prescribed in the inclusion are assumed to be characterized by polynomials of arbitrary order in the Cartesian coordinate system. Based on a novel superposition method, the solution of the inclusion problem in a half plane is decomposed into two subproblems: the inclusion problem in a full plane and the auxiliary boundary problem in the half plane. Furthermore, the Kolosov-Muskhelishvili (K-M) potentials for the full plane and the auxiliary potentials for the half plane along with their derivatives are expressed into two sets of basic functions, which involve the boundary integrals of the inclusion domain. For polygonal inclusions, exact explicit expressions for both basic functions are explicitly derived, which leads to those for the induced displacement, strain and stress fields.