Session Of Committee Research Articles

Formation of the Kyrgyz State as a Political System of Kyrgyzstan

On October 14, 1924, the II session of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets, having considered the resolution of the Turk Central Executive Committee on national-state delimitation, made and approved the following changes: it was decided to transform the Tajik Autonomous Region into the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Uzbek SSR; The Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Region was introduced into the Kyrgyz (Kazakh) Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and the Kara-Kyrgyz (Kyrgyz) Autonomous Region directly into the RSFSR.Thus, the national statehood of the Kyrgyz people dates back to October 14, 1924.

Factors Influencing the Unsuccessful IPO Attempts: A Case Study of Bama Tea

This study delves into the comprehensive rules introduced by the China Securities Regulatory Commission in February 17, 2023, pertaining to the implementation of the stock issuance registration system, a key element of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee's initiatives to fortify capital market functionality. The research focuses on the case of Bama Tea Company, scrutinizing its three unsuccessful attempts at an initial public offering (IPO) within a decade. A multifaceted analysis is presented, encompassing regulatory compliance, operational intricacies, and financial considerations. Operational challenges include the absence of standardized production leading to fluctuating product quality, as well as the company's response to regulatory complaints. Financial hindrances encompass inadequate profitability, meager research and development investments, and high inventory levels impeding effective capital turnover. The findings underscore the paramount significance of innovation and integrity in ensuring successful IPOs and sustaining corporate development. This academic inquiry contributes valuable insights to the literature on IPOs in the context of the evolving regulatory landscape in China. The study endeavors to provide a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by companies navigating the intricate process of IPOs, offering guidance for entities seeking to navigate these complexities successfully.

Technical Requirements for 2023 IMO GHG Strategy

The 80th session of the IMO Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80) adopted the 2023 IMO Strategy on the Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships (2023 IMO GHG Strategy), with enhanced targets to tackle harmful emissions. This study strives to provide an exact interpretation of the target of the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy and reveal the technical requirements therein. Decarbonization targets were expressed in IMO GHG emission scenarios for specifications. Model calculations and parameterizations were in line with IMO GHG reduction principles and decarbonizing practices in the shipping sector to avoid the prejudicial tendency of alternative fuels and the overestimated integral efficiency of short-term measures in existing predictions. IMO DCS data were used for the first time to gain reliable practical efficiencies of newly adopted regulations and further reduce the model uncertainty. The results demonstrated that the decarbonization goals for emission intensity were actually 51.5–62.5% in the IMO GHG reduction scenarios, which was much higher than the IMO recommended value of 40% as the target. Combined with the continuous applications of short-term measures, onshore power and regulations were required to contribute their maximum potential no later than the year 2030. Even so, considerable penetration (15.0–26.0%) of alternative fuels will be required by 2030 to achieve the decarbonization goals in the 90% and 130% scenarios, respectively, both far beyond the expected value in the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy (i.e., 5–10%). Until 2050, decarbonization from alternative fuels is required to achieve ~95%. Sustainable biodiesel and LNG are the necessary choices in all time periods, while the roles of e-methanol and e-ammonia deserve to be considered in the long term. Our findings highlight the intense technical requirements behind the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy and provide a pathway option for a fair and impartial transition to zero GHG emissions in the shipping sector, which might be meaningful to policymakers.

A POLITICAL ACCOUNT OF ROMANIAN POLITICAL POLICE (1968)

Abstract: The article represents a brief presentation of the political tensions of 1968, when the political police of the communist regime in Romania, named Securitate, celebrate 20 years since its establishment.The main thesis of the article is that the Securitate tried to counter the criticisms of its activity over the fifth and sixth decades. The criticism was expressed public at the plenary session of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) on April 22-25 1968, when it was exposed, also, so-called “victories against the internal enemies of the communist regime”.This action was directed from the highest command levels of Securitate. In anticipation of the 20th anniversary of its establishment, the president of the State Security Council, Ion Stănescu, ordered the central directorates and the county inspectorates to identify in the archives, in order to popularize them, the officers and non-commissioned officers who distinguished themselves in the battles on the defense of so-called “revolutionary conquests of the people”. The result of Ion Stănescu's initiative was a belated and rather approximate assessment of the confrontations with the partisans. Also, several photo albums reflecting the activity of the Ministry of the Interior were made.Like 1956, the 1968 was a year of crisis for the communist system in Europe. Paradoxically, perhaps, although the moment marked the end of illusions for many Communists, the danger of the system's dissolution was now less significant than it had been twelve years earlier.The political upheavals of 1968 is a topic often approached in the last years historiography, but still insufficiently known and explained.

Exploration and Application of Intelligent Service Mode of College Labor Union under the Spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee

Abstract Under the guidance of the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Twentieth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), colleges and universities have set off a boom in the construction of modernized information service systems. This paper relies on the importance and feasibility of the development of the intelligent service platform of the labor union in colleges and universities and preliminarily constructs an intelligent service platform that can meet the needs of the management of labor union work in colleges and universities. The platform adopts B/S architecture, uses the MVC pattern as a platform design plug-in, and uses the J2EE platform as the main technical platform for the development of the college union management information system. Through the information collaboration network to the union information modeling, with the help of the system’s SQL language function, through the ODBC database-driven service linking method, to ensure the safe and stable operation of the university trade union intelligent service platform. The test results show that under the IO-intensive load verification, the platform memory utilization rate is stable between 56.30~71.05%, the tuning strategy can be applied to the actual college union management scenario application, and the validity and versatility of the parameter tuning scheme have been verified. At the same time, the test results of platform information collaboration association strength show that the maximum information entropy of each associated node is 19.08, and the results can provide a basis for the construction of the information collaboration network of the university smart labor union.

Health workforce in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: From COVID-19 lessons to actions.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating and unprecedented impact on health and health systems globally leaving an indelible mark on health system infrastructures. The pandemic also clearly demonstrated the critical role of health workers for well-performing health systems, in particular during emergencies and have prompted the need to undergo a critical re-evaluation of health systems and health workforce design and implementation. As the year 2023 marks the halfway point of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development, the time is pertinent for action by governments and partners to scale up the health workforce to advance towards sustainable developement goal (SDG) 3 on health and well-being and other health-related SDGs, building on the lessons from COVID-19. Therefore, at the 70th session of World Health Organization Regional Committee for Eastern Mediterranean, Member States unanimously adopted a resolution to call for accelerated actions to address health workforce challenges through solidarity, alignment, and synergy of efforts in order to rebuild resilient health systems after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Improving competence in serving rural areas on college students’ social phobia

BackgroundIn recent years, the volunteer program of rural service for college students has been widely promoted and implemented, aiming to encourage the younger generation to give back to society and enhance understanding between urban and rural areas. However, in addition to traditional service goals, this study explores the impact of such projects on the social phobia of participants-college students, and how to alleviate their psychological barriers by enhancing their competence.Subjects and MethodsThe study selected 120 students from a university as subjects and randomly divided them into an experimental group and a control group, each with 60 students. There was no difference between the two groups of subjects. The experimental group was provided with innovative service teaching and competency development. The control group did not take such training. Finally, the SCL-90 mental health test was used to evaluate the fear symptoms of college students before and after the intervention.ResultsAccording to statistical analysis, with the improvement of competence, most participants reported that their fear symptoms had been eased. There was a significant difference in the symptoms of phobia between the two groups of students (P<0.05). The phobia of the experimental group was significantly reduced.ConclusionsThis indicates that innovative service teaching and competency development for college students with phobia can effectively alleviate their negative emotions and provide references for the medical field.Acknowledgement2022 Chongqing Social Science “Research on the Interpretation of the Spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee” (2021YBCS12); 2022 Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission (Ideological and Political Special Project) (22SKSZ080); 2022 Key Project of Higher Education Science Research of Chongqing Higher Education Association (CQGJ21A030).

DEZINTEGRISANA SRBIJA I PRVI POKUŠAJI USPOSTAVLjANjA JEDINSTVA REPUBLIKE 1974–1981.

The 1974 Constitution made Serbia a “complex” republic, different from other republics since it included two provinces which, instead of autonomy, gained de facto independence. The republic had almost no authority in the territory of the provinces, while the provincial authorities participated in the adoption of decisions at the level of the republic. Economic and cultural flows were intersected at the provincial administrative borders. Political decisions led to disintegration of numerous economic systems. The League of Communists of Serbia had almost no influence on the political life in the provinces and the work of the Leagues of Communists of the provinces, whereas provincial parties had representatives in the republic party bodies. Due to the opposition of the provincial authorities, Serbia was unable to adopt important laws (on national defence, social plan, etc.). It was the only republic without a Social Plan. Out of about 500 regulations adopted until 1981, only 40 applied in the whole territory of Serbia. These included 3,035 articles, out of which only 162 applied to the whole territory of the republic (6.5%). The escalation of Albanian violence in SAP Kosovo in 1981 forced the Serbian leadership to deal with the position of Serbia in Yugoslavia and the position of the provinces in Serbia according to the 1974 Constitution. In December 1981, at the 18th Session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia, the republic leadership raised the issue of the status of the provinces within the republic. They insisted on implementing the competencies under the Constitution and conclusions were adopted emphasizing the necessity of the republic’s unity. In the years to come, however, the opposition of the provincial authorities to the realization of the republic integrity was often more effective than the decisions of the republic party bodies. Provincial politicians found support in the struggle for independence from the republic in political forces outside Serbia, primarily in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.

Regarding Mao's Alleged Speech about the Dalai Lama on 15 November 1956

AbstractOn 15 November 1956, Mao Zedong 毛泽东 delivered a speech at the Second Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Eighth CCP Congress. The official written version of this speech was published belatedly, in 1977, in the fifth volume of Mao's Selected Works. In this text, Mao was supposed to be talking about the Dalai Lama's forthcoming stay in India, and he had no difficulty in envisaging the Dalai Lama's eventual departure into exile. This passage, obviously, seems problematic as it contradicts the policy of the CCP leadership towards the Dalai Lama at that time. Tsering Shakya (The Dragon in the Land of Snows, Pimlico, 1999), Li Jianglin 李江琳 (1959 Lhasa, New Century Press, 2010), Melvyn Goldstein (A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 3, University of California Press, 2013), and Liu Xiaoyuan 刘晓原 (To the End of Revolution, Columbia University Press, 2020) have successively sought to understand the reason for this. The probable reason seems to be simply that Mao most likely never made these remarks about the Dalai Lama on the date in question, and that this passage was added later in the written version of the speech, to avoid Mao losing face.

POVERTY REDUCTION EXPERIENCE OF CHINA (1947-1978): LESSONS FOR PAKISTAN

Poverty eradication is a critical issue that must be tackled as part of the world's economic and social progress. China and Pakistan have distinct ways of combating poverty. Since the start of reforms and opening up in 1978, China has taken a number of initiatives to alleviate poverty. The Communist Party China (CPC) Central Committee's decision on several major issues concerning rural reforms and development, adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the CPC's seventeenth Central Committee, proposed increasing support for the development of poor areas in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, and border areas. The CPC's 18th National Congress set the lofty objective of completing the construction of a moderately affluent society in all aspects by 2020. The report emphasized the parties tenaciously fought for aims to lift people out of poverty. This paper attempts to explore and understand the causes of Pakistan's poverty reduction strategies and the elements that impact it, utilizing the experience of China's poverty reduction to identify the difficulties that have arisen as a result of Pakistan's poverty reduction process. This research shows that the poverty policies of China are more mature, which led the country towards progress and today it is one of the leading economies in the world. Similarly, Pakistan after its independence is struggle to tackle the issue of poverty and still could not get rid of it and this is all because of the policies of Pakistan which could proof to be successful.

Historical sources of the education system 1920-1930

The article characterizes the sources of the history of education in the 1920-1930s. It describes the funds and documents of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the state archives of Almaty, Kyzylorda, Turkestan, Orenburg regions and the state archives of the Russian Federation. Are characterized funds 4, 5, 127, 173, 194, 377 of the Kyzylorda Regional State Archive The value of the 77th fund of the state archive of the city of Almaty is estimated. Information about the development of education in the republic is given in the collection “Materials for the report of the Central Executive Committee of the Kazakh ASSR at the 3rd session of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the 13th convocation.” The content of the collection of documents and materials “People’s education of the Kazakh SSR” is revealed. The role of the collection “Cultural Construction in Kazakhstan” in the study of the history of the formation of the Soviet education system is assessed, in which protocols, resolutions of the Turkestan Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars, resolutions of district committees and city committees of the party, orders and instructions of departments of public education, etc. were introduced. organization and management of education in the 1920s. prepared on the basis of documents of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Are considered Periodicals published in 1918-1930 and articles on their pages.

Scientific support for preparing an EU position in the 53rd session of the codex committee on pesticide residues (CCPR)

Abstract EFSA received a request from the European Commission to provide support for the preparation of the EU position for 53rd Session of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR). In 2021, JMPR evaluated 38 active substances with regard to their toxicological properties and/or the setting of Codex Maximum Residue Limits (CXLs) (acetamiprid, bixafen, clofentezine, clothianidin, cyprodinil, difenoconazole, ethion, ethiprole, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, fenpicoxamide, fenpyroximate, fipronil, fluopyram, flutianil, imazalil, isoprothiolane, isoxaflutole, mandipropamid, mefentrifluconazole, metalaxyl, metalaxyl‐M, methoprene, methoxyfenozide, pendimethalin, prothioconazole, pydiflumetofen, pyrasulfotole, pyraziflumid, quinoxyfen, spinetoram, spiropidion, sulfoxaflor, tebuconazole, tetraniliprole, thiamethoxam, trifloxystrobin, trinexapac). EFSA prepared comments on the Codex MRL proposals and the proposed toxicological reference values. In addition, EFSA provided further considerations on follow‐up assessments of JMPR on pesticides for which specific concerns on the toxicological or residue assessments were raised in the previous CCPR meetings (afidopyropen, fluensulfone, metconazole, propiconazole). The current report should serve as the basis for deriving the EU position for the CCPR meeting.

World Heritage Convention at Fifty Years Old: Shifting to Outstanding Heritage Management Practices

World Heritage Convention at Fifty Years Old:Shifting to Outstanding Heritage Management Practices Eugene Jo (bio) and Webber Ndoro (bio) KEYWORDS UNESCO, World Heritage Convention Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. The 43rd session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee meeting held in Baku, Azerbaijan, 1 Jul 2019. © Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Azerbaijan/M. Ragimov. [End Page 250] The World Heritage label emanates from the 1972 UNESCO Convention. The Convention is the instrument that is mostly used for celebrating the world's heritage, of Outstanding Universal Value. To most governments it is seen as an instrument of recognition and an arena for competition among other countries. As an international convention, its most important decision-making body is the intergovernmental World Heritage Committee. The Committee is formulated of twenty-one States Parties elected at the General Assembly, generally serving for a four-year mandate. The UNESCO World Heritage Centre is the Secretariat to the Convention. Experts, particularly the Advisory Bodies to the World Heritage Committee, see the Convention as a tool to better practice the conservation and management of heritage, which is clearly the intention of the 1972 Convention. Much of these Advisory Bodies' discussions can be aligned to what Laurajane Smith has called "the Authorized Heritage Discourse."1 This is the notion of heritage as a professional (expert) vocabulary, which, by determining the rules of the game, determines what heritage is, what heritage is worth protecting, how it should be protected, and for whom.2 In 2021, thirty-four new sites were added to the World Heritage List, and one was removed because of the threats urban development posed to its conservation management (Liverpool–Maritime Mercantile City, UK). With 1,154 sites accumulated on the List over the past fifty years, there is probable cause to assume that at least twenty sites per year will continue to be added in the next decade. The annual meeting held online in July 2021 clearly indicated the current dynamics of the Committee and its various stakeholders, the States Parties of the Committee, the World Heritage Centre (the Secretariat) and the Advisory Bodies to the Committee. The increased politicization of the Committee over the past decade led to the formation of an ad hoc working group to establish a code of conduct. After more than two years of discussions, in 2021 at the Twenty-Third Session of the General Assembly of the World Heritage Convention, the Declaration of Principles to Promote International Solidarity and Cooperation for the Preservation of World Heritage was adopted as a nonbinding text.3 Though the Declaration is meant to apply for all actors involved with the Convention, the discussions were started essentially to address the conduct of States Parties. One illustration of the ongoing political tensions over the past ten years is the Committee's reactions to its Advisory Body's technical recommendations. The Committee has lauded science-based recommendations when they have been in favor of States Parties' interests and has vigorously challenged the legitimacy of those same recommendations when they have not. Although accusations of politicization of the Convention have persisted for [End Page 251] more than a decade, and have been described as detrimental to the credibility of the Committee, the intergovernmental—States Parties—DNA of UNESCO means that the organization and its deliberations will always be inherently political.4 The UNESCO Global Strategy, which calls upon the World Heritage List to be representative, balanced, and credible, is a problematic directive, considering the inherently political nature of the States Parties system.5 It is not clear how the objectives of the strategy are to be achieved: Is it through numbers per country or per region or even per area? What is the yardstick to indicate success or failure? UNESCO's own program Priority Africa cannot be judged apolitical. It is important for UNESCO to recognize that political issues will always dominate its deliberations. Hence, rather than denigrating the political nature of the Committee, the World Heritage Centre (WHC) needs to play a more active diplomatic role as Secretariat in ensuring that contentious issues between the States Parties and the Advisory Bodies are resolved prior to and between Committee meetings. This...

Research status and advantages analysis of plant transfer printing and dyeing under the background of sustainable development

With the acceleration of social process, handicraft is gradually replaced by industrial production. The excessive use of chemical dyes has caused serious waste of resources, environmental pollution and physical harm, which is contrary to the five development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing proposed at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. In November 2012, the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China incorporated the Five-sphere Integrated Plan for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, making the CPC the first ruling party in the world to incorporate ecological civilization into its program of action. Ecological civilization construction under the leadership of the communist party of China has achieved a major breakthrough, at the same time also achieve rapid economic development, people's living standards generally improved, is given priority to with functional and practical products can not meet the growing spiritual and cultural demand, consumers desire in products demand more emotional resonance for nature. Based on the green development plan goal and the mainstream background of sustainable development proposed in the 13th Five-Year Plan, this paper sorts out the research status of plant printing and dyeing, and expounds the advantages of plant printing and dyeing combined with consumer willingness and market demand, which has reference value for further exploring the green development of plant printing and dyeing.

Economic implications of the sixth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee for China’s Hong Kong

The sixth plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), also known as ‘the Sixth Plenum’, was successfully held in Beijing from 8 to 11 November 2021. It passed a historic resolution on the major achievements and historical experience of the CPC over the past 100 years and set forth the direction of China’s development in the next few decades. This paper aims to analyse the conclusions reached in the sixth plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC and discuss its economic implications for the Hong Kong SAR.

Analysis on Optimization of Agricultural Products Supply Chain Based on Dynamic System

To thoroughly implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, this paper optimizes the supply chain of agricultural products based on dynamic system. In the complex supply chain of agricultural products, they are scattered upstream and downstream. It is difficult to form agglomeration scale effect, information asymmetry between supply chain nodes, and poor hardware environment of supply chain. Logistics operation is difficult. By analyzing the supply chain of agricultural products, optimize the supply chain by using the push‐pull supply chain. According to the change of market demand, the push mode and the pull mode are properly allocated and the government’s attention to the supply chain is increased, intentionally the Internet is combined with the supply chain, the stability of the supply chain is increased, and there is a certain adaptability to market demand fluctuations. Problems can be fed back to the suppliers and final buyers of agricultural products in time, and the delivery rate of the whole supply chain should be improved.

Understanding the China miracle from the paradigm of realm economics

PurposeThe core of the micro–macro paradigm of mainstream Western economics is the assumption that a rational economic man with complete freedom of economic behaviors living in a fully competitive, free-market economy pursues maximum personal benefits. The purpose of this paper is to show the reasons for failure of mainstream Western economics explaining the “mystery of China’s economic growth” and the necessity of understanding the mystery from the paradigm of realm economics.Design/methodology/approachThe system of socialism with Chinese characteristics led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the local governments that play a crucial role in the reform and opening-up has the realm attribute. It is necessary to develop a new paradigm for realm economic analysis and promote the creation of new economic globalization and international political and economic order.FindingsAccording to the fourth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, “Since the New China was founded 70 years ago, our Party has led our people to create the rarely-seen miracle of rapid economic development and miracle of long-term social stability”. The authors find that it is effective and necessary to explain the miracle of China’s economic growth from the paradigm of realm economics.Originality/valueAs proven by practice, the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the governance system of China are guided by Marxism, rooted in China with a deep Chinese cultural foundation, and sincerely supported by the people.

Policy, Legality and Rule of law: The Jurisprudence Thinking for the Management Mode of Religious Affairs in China

The management of religious affairs has the mode of “Policy”, “Legality”, “Rule of Law” and so on. In the past reformed 40 years, China's religious management policy has a consistent content, and the policy has always held the highest position in the management of religious affairs at all levels of government. Since the 1990s, religious administration has been "legalized" gradually. The implementation of the Religious Affairs Ordinance issued in 2004 marked the management mode of religious affairs in China entered the era that managing religious affairs according to regulations. In 2014, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPP Central Committee proposed "Integration Building for Rule of Law Country, Rule of Law Government and Rule of Law Society ". In 2016, the National Conference on Religious Work proposed “Improving the Rule of Law in Religious Work ", Rule of Law has become the goal of religious affairs management. Rule of law in religion has factors such as "Rights Protection”, “Separation of Church and State ","Public Power Restriction" and so on. The management of religious affairs in China needs to go beyond the traditional mode such as "Policy" and "Legality". The "Rule of Law" mode of Good Law and Good Governance is the inevitable choice.

Safeguarding civilization’s accomplishments

On the occasion of the 44th Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee that will take place in Fuzhou, China, I would like to extend sincere congratulations on its successful convening on behalf of the National Cultural Heritage Administration of China. I would also like to thank the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, the World Heritage Centre, ICOMOS and ICCROM, as well as their experts, for their continued attention, support and assistance to the development of cultural World Heritage sites in China.

China's Local Political Turnover in the Twenty-First Century.

This paper provides empirical evidence on the incentive role of personnel control in China in the twenty-first century. Employing the city-level turnover data of political leaders in China between 2000 and 2018 and utilizing the fixed effects ordered logit model, we find that the likelihood of promotion of local leaders rises with their economic performance. This relationship holds more firmly in the municipal party secretary. The probability is also found to decrease with the economic performance of their immediate predecessors and neighboring cities. This finding is robust to various robustness tests. We interpret the finding as evidence that the relative economic performance (peer effects) also contributes to the local political turnover, in particular within a province. Moreover, after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, a material change in the personnel arrangement within the party arises and this promotion mechanism shows a dynamic change. Our study sheds some light on the growing literature emphasizing the relationship between political turnover and economic performance.