Sesamin Content Research Articles

Establishment of HPLC method and optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction process for two lignan active substances in Asarum heterotropoides

In the present study, developed a dependable HPLC technique to quantify asarinin and sesamin in Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. The optimal conditions for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction were determined by conducting single-factor experiment, Plackett-Burman design experiment, and Box-Behnken response surface method. Based on actual operation factors and analysis, the optimal extraction parameters were methanol volume fraction of 80% (v/v), liquid-to-material ratio of 10:1 (mL/g), ultrasonic time of 40 min, ultrasonic temperature of 51°C, and ultrasonic power of 300 W. When subjected to these conditions, the average asarinin and sesamin content were found to be 13.40 mg/g and 2.39 mg/g, respectively, with a relative error of 1.04% and 3.46%, which was consistent with the theoretical value. This study can offer a theoretical reference for the extraction of asarinin and sesamin in Asarum.

Evaluation of Steaming and Drying of Black Sesame Seeds for Nine Cycles Using Grey-Correlation Analysis Based on Variation-Coefficient Weight.

This study aimed to improve the steaming process of black sesame seeds. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the grey-correlation method based on the variation-coefficient weight to observe the treatments of normal-pressure (NPS) and high-pressure (HPS) steaming (with/without soaking in water) for nine cycles. Their effects on the contents of water, protein, fat, ash, melanin, sesamin, and sesamolin of black sesame seeds, as well as the sensory score of the black sesame pill, were determined. We found that with varied steaming methods and increased steaming cycles, the contents of the nutritional and functional components of black sesame seeds and the sensory score of the black sesame pill differed. The results of the variation-coefficient method showed that water, protein, fat, ash, melanin, sesamin, sesamolin, and sensory score had different effects on the quality of black sesame seeds with weighting factors of 34.4%, 5.3%, 12.5%, 11.3%, 13.9%, 11.3%, 7.8%, and 3.5%, respectively. The results of two-factor analysis of variance without repeated observations indicated that the grey-correlation degree of HPS was the largest among the different steaming treatments, and the following sequence was HPS after soaking in water (SNPS), NPS, and SNPS. There was no significant difference between NPS and SNPS (p < 0.05). Moreover, with increased cycles, the value of the grey-correlation degree increased. The comprehensive score of the procedure repeated nine times was significantly higher than other cycles (p < 0.05). The results of the grey-correlation degree and grade analysis showed that the best steaming process of black sesame seeds was HPS for nine cycles, followed by HPS for eight cycles and NPS after soaking in water (SNPS) for nine cycles. These findings could provide a scientific basis for replacing SNPS with HPS to simplify steaming and realize the parametric steaming of black sesame seeds, and thus, ensure the quality of black-sesame products.

Quickly determination of sesame lignans in sesame oil using a portable near-infrared spectrometer

Sesame oil is one of the most commonly used oils in life. It contains a special antioxidant substance called sesame lignans, which has high nutritional value and pharmacological activity. Chromatographic methods are accurate and reliable but not suitable for quality control due to time-consuming. Near-infrared (NIR) quantitative models for quickly determining sesamin, sesamolin and sesame lignans in sesame oil were built using a portable NIR spectrometer combined partial least squares(PLS) algorithm, and the optimal PLS models were developed by comparing the performance of the models with different spectral pretreatment methods and bands selection, the correlation coefficients (R2) were RC2 = 0.98, 0.99, 0.99, RP2 = 0.99, 0.97, 0.94, and the root mean square error (RMSEP) was 2.69 μg/mL, 3.73 μg/mL, and 7.96 μg/mL, respectively. The acceptable results demonstrated that portable NIR spectrometer could be used for monitoring the contents of sesamin, sesamolin, and sesame lignans in sesame oil during the production process to carry out quality control.

Comparison of Phytochemicals in Sesame and Perilla (Seeds and Oils) Grown at Mae Hong Son Thailand

Abstract Sesame and perilla seeds were analyzed for fat, protein, moisture and ash. Their mineral contents, lignan, γ-tocopherol and fatty acid profiles were also determined. The results showed that sesame seeds had higher protein, lipid and mineral contents but lower fiber contents than perilla seeds, accounting for 17.38-20.76%, 42.70-46.18%, 3.07-6.47%, 18.00-21.88%, respectively. Major minerals in the seed were 0.26-0.95% calcium and 0.11-0.23% magnesium. Perilla oil showed lower pH than sesame oil giving it higher acid value. Most lignans were more concentrated in sesame than perilla. Sesamin was the predominant lignin, followed by sesamolin. The sesamin and sesamolin contents in sesame were ranged for 148.30-183.68 mg/100g and 33.96-43.54 mg/100g, respectively. Although black sesame oil had low content of sesamin and sesamolin, it performed high physiological functions due to its high contents of γ-tocopherol and unsaturated fatty acid. Gamma tocopherol of the oils was ranged from 35.81 to 51.64 mg/100g, and perilla oil showed the highest γ-tocopherol content. Fatty acid profiles revealed that the major fatty acids in sesame oils were 44.43-47.21% linoleic followed by 36.40-38.39% oleic, 7.07-9.64% palmitic and 5.09-7.72% stearic acids, giving them high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). White sesame oil had higher linoleic acid but lower oleic acid than other sesame oils. Perilla oil contained high amounts of 55.27% α-linolenic followed by 19.75% linoleic, 12.70% oleic and 7.38% plamitic acids, giving it high PUFA, but low SFA and MUFA. Keywords: Chemical composition, Minerals, Fatty acid profiles, Lignans, Gamma-tocopherol

Using solid acid catalysts to improve the oxidative stability of cold-pressed sesame oil

The application of cold-pressed sesame oil (CSO) in the food industry is limited by its weak oxidative stability. The objective was to improve the oxidative stability of CSO by using different solid acid catalysts (SACs) with heat. The effects of SACs on the physicochemical properties, lignan content, oxidative stability and antioxidant capacity of oil samples were investigated. The different oil samples were: CSO without catalyst or heat (L); CSO without catalyst but with heat (CK); and CSO treated with four different SACs, namely hydrogen beta zeolite (Hβ), citric acid (CA), CA loaded on Hβ (CA/Hβ), 12-tungstophosphoric acid (PA) and PA loaded on Hβ (PA/Hβ). In the oil samples treated with SACs, the content of sesamin and sesamolin decreased significantly, and the content of asarinin and sesamol increased accordingly. The oxidative stability and antioxidant capacity of the oil samples Hβ, CA/Hβ and PA/Hβ were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). The characterization of SACs showed that CA and PA were distributed uniformly inside the framework of Hβ. In summary, using SACs with heat effectively converted lignan into asarinin and sesamol, and enhanced the oxidative stability of CSO. This information should be useful for exploring the potential industrial applications of CSO.

Chemical characterization and antibacterial efficacy of Saudi sesame oil against human pathogenic bacteria

Bacterial infection and its resistance is a major health issue that affects millions of people throughout the world. There is always a need to search forth new and safest drug from natural resources to fight these challenges. Sesame seed essential oil is a rich source of protein with high medicinal value since the ancient time peoples are using for several remedies in Saudi Arabia.Therefore, the current study is aimed to discover the potential activity of the locally available sesame oil for antibacterial action based on ethnobotanical knowledge and traditional utilization as a therapeutic agent to treat several kinds of health problem in Saudi culture. Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of sesame essential oil extracted from locally available sesame seeds represented 39 different chemical compounds. Sesamin and sesamol were the principal components alongwith fatty acids and triglycerides. Results indicated that the locally available sesame oil was found rich in sesamin contents (24.45%). The spectrum of antibacterial effect of sesame seed essential oil was exhibited significantly against Escherichia coli followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The results indicate that sesame oil was found most effective against three bacteria i.e. E. coli, S. aureus and S. pyogenes.

Studies on trait association and path co-efficient analysis of sesame (Sesamum sp.) for quantitative traits and oil quality parameters

Sesame is called as Queen of Oilseed crops because of its high oil content. The current study was focused on the association and path co-efficient analysis of 17 yield components with yield and six oil quality parameters with oil content. From 17 traits days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, top petiole length, capsule length, capsule width, seed weight were associated with single plant yield and oil content. The outcome of the study gives a tremendous scope in identifying plants with high yielding early plant type with increased oil content and more number of branches. For six oil quality parameters, oil content had a positive correlation with saponification value and peroxide value, negative correlation with sesamin, sesamol and iodine value. Path analysis for yield components revealed that the number of primary branches made the highest direct effect on single plant yield of sesame, while the lowest direct effect was from days to maturity. The high residual effect (0.37) showed the contribution of other yield contributing characters towards the yield. The direct effect of the traits acid number, saponification value and peroxide value were negative and positive direct effect was recorded by sesamin content.&nbsp; Based on correlation and path analysis for oil quality parameters, the availability of high oil yielding genotypes with increased sesamin and sesamol content is extremely difficult, with a rare exception of CO 1, future breeding programmes should be aimed at utilizing genotypes with the high sesamin content having lipogenetic, cholestrogenetic character and sesamol content exhibiting anti-ageing, antitumor, anti-carcinogenic and hepatoprotective property to get superior oil quality combined with high oil yield.

Characterization and Oxidative Stability of Cold-pressed Sesame Oil Microcapsules Prepared by Complex Coacervation.

Although cold-pressed sesame oil (CPSO) possesses high nutritional value, its application in the food industry is limited due to its poor oxidative stability. The aim of this study was to enhance the oxidative stability of CPSO by complex coacervation microcapsule technology with gelatin and gum Arabic as wall materials. The characterization of CPSO microcapsules were evaluated by a particle image analyzer, a laser particle size distribution analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The encapsulation efficiency (EE) reached 90.25%. The average particle size of the microcapsules was approximately 117.1 μm and many oil droplets were encapsulated by complex coacervation to form a multinuclear spherical microcapsule. The FTIR study confirmed that the process of complex coacervation was formed between gelatin and gum Arabic by electrostatic interactions. The TGA study suggested that the microcapsules had good heat resistance. The fatty acid composition, the content of sesamin, sesamolin and vitamin E in CPSO were determined before and after microencapsulation. It showed that the microencapsulation process had almost no effect on the fatty acid composition, sesamin and sesamolin, only Vitamin E was slightly lost during the microencapsulation process. The accelerated storage test showed that microencapsulation significantly increased the oxidative stability of CPSO.

Effect of Roasting Process on Sesamin and Sesamol Contents of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) from Different Parts of Iran

Background and objectivesSesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds have been a well-known oil crop in the world for many centuries. Lignans are functionally important compartments of sesame. Sesamin and sesamol are the main sesame lignans, which have recently shown various activities with health benefits, like anti-oxidative, anti-proliferative, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. The aim of this study was determination of sesamin and sesamol concentration in sesame seeds from three different regions of Iran with diverse climatic conditions (Dezful, Ardakan and Neka). In addition, the effect of roasting process on sesamin and sesamol content were investigated.MethodsAnalysis of sesamin and sesamol was performed using the mobile phase water: methanol (70:30) on a reversed phase ACE C18 with flow rate of 0.6 mL/min and UV detection at 290 nm.ResultsHPLC analysis revealed that the highest content of sesamin (1.156±0.002 mg/g of seeds) and sesamol (2.393±0.002 mg/g of seeds) were observed in roasted Dezful seeds samples and hulled roasted Dezful sesame seeds, respectively. The amount of sesamin and sesamol in roasted seeds was higher than unroasted samples.ConclusionThe present study showed that the roasting process and hot semi-arid climate increase the content of lignans in sesame seeds. Consuming sesame seeds with such characteristics will improve dietary lignan intake and has nutritive value. Moreover, sesame seed characterized by the highest amount of sesamin and sesamol is more strongly suggested for achieving biological properties of these components.

Discriminating geographic origin of sesame oils and determining lignans by near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometric methods were used to discriminate the sesame oils from different Chinese provinces and determinate the lignans (sesamin and sesamolin) in these sesame oils. The geographic discriminant model was constructed by principal component analysis (PCA) combining with linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and the quantitative analysis models of lignans were built using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were adopted to optimize the regression models. It was found that the discriminant model could recognize the sesame oils from different Chinese provinces correctly, and the contents of sesamin and sesamolin calculated from the optimized models and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis are rather close. Reasonable results proved the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometric methods for geographic origin of sesame oils and quantitate analysis of lignans in sesame oils.

Sesamin from Cuscuta palaestina natural plant extracts: Directions for new prospective applications.

The aim of this study is to disclose the potential bioactive components of Cuscuta palaestina, a native parasitic natural plant of flora palaestina and to open direction towards new prospective application. GC-MS analysis identified 18 components in the methanolic extract of C. palaestina for the first time. The most appealing among them are Sesamin and two other phytosterols (Campesterol and Stigmasterol), all of which are documented in the scientific literature for their anticancer activity. Quantitation of Sesamin extracted from C. palaestina by HPLC-PDA with the use of three organic solvents showed that the Sesamin content in the methanolic extract was the highest. Following the disclosure of Sesamin presence in C. palaestina, we raised the question of whether it is produced naturally in C. palaestina or acquired from the host plant. The quantitation of Sesamin in C. palaestina was performed while being with five different host plants, and was compared with the amount of Sesamin in C. palaestina grown alone. The findings reveal that Sesamin is an endogenous secondary metabolite in C. palaestina. Thus, further studies are required to prove if C. palaestina can be used as an alternative source of anticancer phytochemicals, mainly Sesamin, and if proteins in the Sesamin production pathway could be valid biological targets for the development of novel and selective pesticides for control/ eradication of C. palaestina and maybe some other Cuscuta species. As well, the findings from this study raise a big question of whether inferring Sesamin production in C. palaestina could reduce its attack ability to host plants.

Quality properties of puffed corn snacks incorporated with sesame seed powder.

Puffed corn snacks are tasty and affordable cereal‐based food products which have a relatively poor nutritional quality. Sesame seed is a rich source of essential amino and fatty acids, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and antioxidants. In this study, puffed corn snacks were produced by incorporating sesame powder at 0% (control sample), 5%, 10%, and 15% levels in its formulation and stored at room temperature (24°C) for 60 days. Fatty acid composition, tocopherol, sesamin and sesamolin, phenolic compounds, peroxide value (PV), acidity (AV), and sensory evaluation of the samples were determined. The results indicate that oleic acid content increased and palmitic acid decreased significantly (p < .05) in all the samples at 10% and 15% inclusion levels. The content of phenolic compounds, γ‐tocopherols, sesamin, and sesamolin had significant increases in all the formulated samples. PV results indicated that the formulated samples had a higher stability when the ratio of sesame powder was increased, while the AV values showed a significant increase during storage. Incorporation of 10% sesame powder in the snack formulation had a positive effect on the stability, sensory, and nutritional quality of the product. This approach can be used to modify nutritional quality of this food product and introduce to food market as a relatively healthy snack.

The Contents of Lignans in Sesame Seeds and Commercial Sesame Oils of China

AbstractIn this study, the concentrations of three lignans in 100 sesame seeds and 56 sesame oils were determined using a newly developed method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a UV/Vis detector. Total lignan contents in sesame seed and oil samples ranged from 2.52 to 12.76 and 3.38 to 11.53 mg/g, respectively. Black sesame seeds showed higher sesamin content (range 1.98–9.41 mg/g, mean 4.34 mg/g) and sesamolin content (range 1.06–3.35 mg/g, mean 1.92 mg/g) than the other three varieties of sesame seeds. Black sesame oils had higher contents of lignans than the white sesame oils, although remarkable differences were not observed. Hot pressed and small mill sesame oils expressed higher contents of sesamol, sesamin, and total lignans than the cold pressed and refined sesame oils. The results revealed that there is extensive variability in lignan concentration in sesame oils and seeds.

English

A germplasm collection of Tamil Nadu comprising of nine varieties and six landraces were analyzed for their &omega;3 fatty acid content, lignans such as sesamin and sesamol. The percentage of ALA ranges from 0.1 to 0.55%. A wide variation was observed in sesamol content. The highest sesamol content of 0.547 mg/g was found in a variety SVPR1. The sesamin content ranged between 2.03 and 6.45 mg/g. A negative relationship was observed between total oil content and ALA. White sesame seeds had higher sesamol content whereas black varieties revealed higher sesamin content. Key words: &omega;3 fatty acid, sesame, sesamin, sesamol, Tamil Nadu germplasm.

QTL Mapping for Oil, Protein and Sesamin Contents in Seeds of White Sesame

QTL Mapping for Oil, Protein and Sesamin Contents in Seeds of White Sesame

Tracking sesamin synthase gene expression through seed maturity in wild and cultivated sesame species--a domestication footprint.

Sesamin and sesamolin are the major oil-soluble lignans present in sesame seed, having a wide range of biological functions beneficial to human health. Understanding sesame domestication history using sesamin synthase gene expression could enable delineation of the sesame putative progenitor. This report examined the functional expression of sesamin synthase (CYP81Q1) during capsule maturation (0-40 days after flowering) in three wild Sesamum species and four sesame cultivars. Among the cultivated accessions, only S. indicum (CO-1) exhibited transcript abundance of sesamin synthase along with high sesamin content similar to S. malabaricum, while the other cultivated sesame showed low expression. The sesamin synthase expression analysis, coupled with quantification of sesamin level, indicates that sesamin synthase was not positively favoured during domestication. The sesamin synthase expression pattern and lignan content, along with phylogenetic analysis suggested a close relationship of cultivated sesame and the wild species S. malabaricum. The high genetic identity between the two species S. indicum and S. malabaricum points towards the role of the putative progenitor S. malabaricum in sesame breeding programmes to broaden the genetic base of sesame cultivars. This study emphasises the need to investigate intraspecific and interspecific variation in the primary, secondary and tertiary gene pools to develop superior sesame genotypes.

Analysis of Fatty Acid and Lignan Composition of Indian Germplasm of Sesame to Evaluate Their Nutritional Merits

AbstractAn attempt was made to individually analyze a germplasm collection of 54 indigenous Indian sesame cultivars for fatty acid and lignan composition of their seed oil by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The entries varied in their fatty acid and lignan composition. The mean percentage contents of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and α‐linolenic acids ranged between 10–22, 5–10, 38–50, 18–43 and less than 1 whereas sesamol, sesamin and sesamolin scored between 3–37, 27–67, 20–59 of the total percentage of lignan, respectively. The highest percentage of α‐linolenic acid (ALA) was obtained in Var‐9 (1.3 % of the total fatty acids). Among the lignans, high sesamin content is considered to be significant, particularly in terms of long shelf life and nutraceutical value of sesame seed oil. The study has broadened our understanding related to differential biochemical composition of the rich sesame germplasms, thereby providing us with a useful groundwork for identifying potential targets and suitable cultivars for genetic engineering approaches to be undertaken in order to improve the nutritional quality of sesame oil, which in turn would be beneficial towards human health.

Quantitative dissection of antioxidative bioactive components in cultivated and wild sesame germplasm reveals potentially exploitable wide genetic variability

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest oilseed crops grown in India and worldwide. This oilseed crop has high nutritional value due to the presence of antioxidants such as lignans and tocopherols. Screening of oilseed germplasm for important nutritional attributes is of prime importance in quality breeding programs. In the present study, the content of lignans (sesamin and sesamolin) and tocopherol homologues (α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol) was determined using reverse phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) in 143 sesame lines collected from diverse agro-ecological zones of India. Exploitable levels of sesamin, sesamolin, γ-, and δ-tocopherol was observed in the studied sesame lines. Sesamum indicum cultivar CO 1, introgressed line MKN 9, and Sesamum malabaricum showed high values for sesamin. Exotic and indigenous accessions of S. indicum (EC 542283 and IC 132176, IC 204681, IC 204773) showed high sesamolin contents. Cultivars, AKT 64, AKT 101, Phule til 1, and Tapi A showed high values for γ- and δ-tocopherol. The average content of sesamin and sesamolin was 0.86 and 0.50 mg g−1 seed, respectively. The average tocopherol content (292 μg g−1 seed) found in this study indicates the presence of a high amount of tocopherol in Indian sesame germplasm. Superior genotypes of sesame reported in this study could be utilized in sesame breeding programs for enhancing oil yield and nutritional attributes.

Association analysis of sesamin and sesamolin in the core sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm

In this study,a core sesame germplasm consisting of 215 accessions from 8 provinces along the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valley were used to analyze the content of sesamin and sesamolin. The results showed that the sesamin content ranged in 0. 88- 11. 05mg / g with an average of 5. 24mg / g,and the coefficient of variation was 38. 56%. The sesamolin content varied from 0. 93 to 6. 96mg / g with an average of 3. 30mg / g,its coefficient of variation was 22. 68%. The two components are correlated with each other positively and significantly, and both of them exhibited normal distribution in content. Association analysis was performed to detect the potential loci that related to the two components with SSR,SRAP,AFLP markers. By GLM model,a total of 33 loci significantly were associated with sesamin and sesamolin with 26 associated with sesamin and 8 assosiated with sesamolin respectively. In contrast,the MLM model detected fewer loci with 4 associated with sesamin and 4 associated with sesamolin respectively. Among these loci,there were 4 associated with sesamin,and 4 associated with sesamolin by the two models respectively. Locus SSI182- 3 was significantly associated with sesamin and sesamolin in the models,which may be one of the useful markers for maker- assisted selection.

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Partner Bacteria on the Growth of Sesame Plants and the Concentration of Sesamin in the Seeds

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can stimulate the plant growth. Pseudomonas sp. (KCIGC01) NBRC109613 isolated from the spores of Glomus clarum IK97, an AMF, is reported to support the plant growth and development as partner bacteria (PB) for AMF REF _Ref399417929 \r \h \* MERGEFORMAT [1]. In order to investigate the effect of G. clarum IK97 and Pseudomonas sp. (KCIGC01) NBRC109613 on the secondary metabolites, these microorganisms were inoculated to sesame plants. The inoculation of these microorganisms stimulated the growth of sesame. The rate of sesame root colonization in G. clarum IK97 + Pseudomonas sp. (KCIGC01) NBRC109613 inoculated plants (66.4% ± 4.4%) was higher than that in G. clarum IK97 alone inoculated plants (39.2% ± 5.8%). Furthermore, the content of sesamin in sesame seeds was increased by the inoculation of these microorganisms. In particular, the content of sesamin in the treatment inoculated with G. clarum IK97 and Pseudomonas sp. (KCIGC01) NBRC-109613 was 11.4 ± 1.5 mg/g seed. The results suggest that AMF and their partner bacteria can stimulate the growth and development of sesame plants and increase the content of sesamin in the seeds.