Sesame Seedlings Research Articles

An improved algorithm for sesame seedling and weed detection based on YOLOV7

An improved algorithm for sesame seedling and weed detection based on YOLOV7

An improved algorithm for sesame seedling and weed detection based on YOLOv7

An improved algorithm for sesame seedling and weed detection based on YOLOv7

Phytophthora megasperma and P. nicotianae causing root and crown rot in sesame fields in Iran and information on cultivar resistance

Phytophthora root and crown rot is one of the most destructive diseases that affecting on the growth and yield of sesame in tropical and subtropical regions. The aim of this investigation was to identify Phytophthora species causing root and crown rot in the main sesame-producing regions (Fars, Khuzestan, Bushehr and Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad) of Iran. In total, 55 Phytophthora isolates were obtained and identified as P. nicotianae (50 isolates) and P. megasperma (5 isolates). To confirm morphological identification of the Phytophthora species, phylogenetic analysis was performed for 23 isolates by sequencing of β-tubulin and 28S rDNA genes. The phylogenetic results confirmed 18 isolates from clade 1 of Phytophthora grouped with P. nicotianae, and five isolates from clade 6 of Phytophthora making a monophyletic group with P. megasperma. The pathogenicity of six isolates of P. nicotianae and two isolates of P. megasperma were evaluated on seven sesame cultivars using a greenhouse trial during two years (2020–2021). Based on the results, P. nicotianae was the most aggressive species, causing severe root and crown rot and mortality of sesame seedlings 60 days after inoculation. In addition, in almost all Phytophthora positive plants, the aerial symptoms and especially the general condition (mortality percentage) of sesame seedlings corresponded with the severity of damage to the root system. In the present study, we found cultivars with high resistance and suitable for cultivation in areas infested with P. nicotianae and P. megasperma. To the best of our knowledge, this is a new report of P. megasperma on sesame worldwide.

Occurrence of Colletotrichum truncatum Causing Foliar Spot on Sesame (Sesamum indicum) in Mexico.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an oilseed crop that present agronomic advantages and nutritional contributions in regions where water and soil fertility are limiting. In September 2020 and October 2022, anthracnose symptoms were observed on sesame fields in Mocorito (25°29'04"N;107°55'03"W) and Guasave (25°45'40"N;108°48'44"W), Sinaloa, Mexico. The disease incidence was estimated at up to 35 % (10 has) in five fields. Twenty samples were collected with symptoms on the leaves. On leaves, lesions were irregular and necrotic. Colletotrichum-like colonies were consistently isolated on PDA medium and five monoconidial isolates were obtained. One isolate was selected as a representative for morphological characterization, multilocus phylogenetic analysis, and pathogenicity tests. The isolate was deposited in the Culture Collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi of the Biotic Product Development Center at the National Polytechnic Institute under the accession number IPN 13.0101. On PDA, colonies were flat with an entire margin, initially white, then dark gray with black acervuli and setae. The growth rate was 9.3 mm/day. Conidia (n=100) on PDA were hyaloamerosporae, 17.5- 22.7 × 3.6-4.5 μm, smooth-walled, falcated and pointed at both ends, with granular content. Acervuli showed setae acicular (2-3 septate setae) tapered to the apex. The mycelial appressoria were brown, obclavate and irregular. Morphological features matched those of the Colletotrichum truncatum species complex (Damm et al. 2009). For molecular identification, total DNA was extracted, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (White et al. 1990), and partial sequences of actin (ACT), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were amplified by PCR (Weir et al. 2012) and sequenced. The sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession nos. OQ214919 (ITS), OQ230773 (ACT), and OQ230774 (GAPDH). BLASTn searches in GenBank showed 100%, 100%, and 100% identity to MN842788 (ITS), MG198003 (ACT), and MF682518 (GAPDH) of C. truncatum, respectively. A phylogenetic tree based on the Maximum Likelihood method and Bayesian Inference including published ITS, ACT, and GAPDH sequence data for C. truncatum species complex was generated (Talhinhas and Baroncelli 2021). In the phylogenetic tree, the isolate IPN 13.0101 was placed in the same clade of C. truncatum. Pathogenicity of the isolate IPN 13.0101 was verified on 15 sesame seedlings leaves (Dormilon variety) (15-day-old) disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and sterile water. Each leave was inoculated with 200 µL of a conidial suspension (1 × 106 spores/mL). Five plants non inoculated served as controls. All plants were kept in a moist chamber for two days, and subsequently transferred to a shade house where the temperature ranged from 25 to 30°C. All inoculated leaves developed irregular and necrotic lesions ten days after inoculation, whereas no symptoms were observed on the control leaves. The fungus was consistently re-isolated from the diseased leaves, fulfilling Koch´s postulates. The experiment was conducted twice with similar results. Colletotrichum spp. has been previously reported (Farr and Rossman, 2023) to cause sesame anthracnose in Mexico (Alvarez, 1976), Thailand (Giatgong, 1980) and Cuba (Arnold, 1986), but this is the first report of C. truncatum causing sesame anthracnose in Mexico. This disease is a recurrent problem in sesame fields in Sinaloa, therefore further studies are required to understand its impact.

Suppressive soil microbiota inhibit wilting diseases and enhance growth in sesame

Biological control of pests and pathogens is one of the top priorities in plant protection. In particular, soil-borne pathogens, including wilting diseases, are notorious pathogens to control. Previously we noticed the lack of filamentous fungal growth on the rhizospheric samples that were collected from high-yield saffron crocus fields. We hypothesized that suppressive-soil microbiota are involved in this interesting phenomenon. Therefore, we isolated the rhizobacteria from the soil samples and tested their antifungal activities both in in vitro and in in vivo assays. From 10 rhizobacteria, two showed antifungal activity against Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium foetens, and Exserohilum mcginnisii, three fungal pathogens that cause wilting diseases in plants. In particular, Bacillus pumilus showed strong antifungal activity. Furthermore, this species significantly increased the biomass and height of sesame seedlings by 28% and 18%, respectively. Seeking for the antifungal mechanisms, we tested the antifungal properties of the extracellular substances and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of B. pumilus. Results showed that VOCs, but not extracellular substances, are the main antifungal compounds of B. pumilus. The second bacteria, Metabacillus galliciensis, showed moderate antifungal activity, which is not reported before. Our results suggest B. pumilus as a biological agent to control wilting diseases, and also as a growth promoting bacteria.

Weed detection in sesame fields using a YOLO model with an enhanced attention mechanism and feature fusion

Weeds have a significant impact on sesame throughout its early stages of development, thus they must be rigorously controlled. However, the shape of sesame seedlings and weeds are similar, and the size specifications are not defined, making reliable weed detection difficult. To achieve the goal of weed recognition, the majority of solutions now use a deep learning model to learn the weed image. Weed targets with big variances in size and specification are easy to overlook with the current deep learning algorithm. As a result, standard deep learning models have room for improvement when it comes to sesame and weed recognition rates. The YOLO-sesame model is proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of sesame weed identification. Based on the YOLOv4 model, an attention mechanism is introduced. Local importance pooling is added to the SPP layer, on which the SE module is used as a logical module. To address the issue of large differences in target size and specifications, an adaptive spatial feature fusion structure is included at the feature fusion level. The experimental results suggest that the YOLO-sesame model proposed in this study outperforms mainstream models such as Fast R-CNN, SSD, YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and YOLOv4-tiny in terms of detection performance. Sesame crops and weeds received F1 scores of 0.91 and 0.92, respectively, while the mAP was 96.16%. The detecting frame rate was 36.8 per second. In conclusion, the YOLO-sesame model successfully meets the needs for accurate sesame weed detection.

Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Sesame Seedlings with Gibberellin-Producing Rhodobacter sphaeroides SIR03 and Biochar

The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with biochar is apprised to be a promising bio-fertilizer for improving the soil fertility and plant growth and development. The current study aimed to identify a potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium alongside biochar to improve sesame seedling productivity. Our results revealed that among the nine isolates, SIR01, SIR03, and SIR07 significantly improved the growth and biomass of sesame and Waito-C rice seedlings. The increase in growth of Waito-C rice seedlings through isolate SIR01, SIR03, and SIR07, suggests their ability to produce phytohormones such as GA4, GA9, GA24, and GA34. Furthermore, the application of isolate SIR03 and biochar together revealed a synergistic increase in sesame seedling growth and biomass (fresh and dry weight) compared with their individual applications. This may be explained by enhancement of photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate by the combined SIR03 and biochar treatment. This suggests that co-inoculation with SIR03 alongside the application of biochar can be considered an eco-friendly, low-cost bio-fertilizer to potentially improve sesame seedling growth and development.

Humic acid and growth promoting microorganisms in the germination and initial development of white sesame plants

The objective of this work was to verify the effect of humic acid application in association with the growth-promoting bacteria Azospirilum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis on seed germination and on the initial development of white sesame seedlings. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Seed Technology and Matology (LaSeM), at the University of the State of Mato Grosso – Campus de Alta Floresta. The treatments were composed by the combination of doses of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mL 100 kg-1 of commercial product containing humic acid, composed of 18% of humic acid, in addition to treatment with the bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis, in the same doses as humic acid. The variables analyzed were germination percentage, aerial and root length, fresh and dry mass of the roots. Humic acid showed promise in the cultivation of white sesame.

Systematic analysis of HD-ZIP transcription factors in sesame genome and gene expression profiling of SiHD-ZIP class I entailing drought stress responses at early seedling stage.

Sesame is an ancient oilseed crop, known for its high oil content and quality. Its sensitivity to drought at early seedling stage is one of the limiting factors affecting its world-wide growth and productivity. Among plant specific transcription factors, the association of HD-ZIPs with sesame drought responses at early seedling stage is not well-established yet and is very important to develop our molecular understanding on sesame drought tolerance. In this study, total 61 sesame HD-ZIP proteins were identified, based on their protein sequence homology with Arabidopsis and protein domain(s) architecture prediction, followed by their phylogenetic, conserved domain(s) motifs and gene structure analyses to classify them into four classes (HD-ZIP Class I-IV). HD-ZIP Class I was also subdivided into four subgroups: α (SiHZ25, SiHZ43, SiHZ9 and SiHZ16), β1 (SiHZ10, SiHZ30, SiHZ32 and SiHZ26), β2 (SiHZ42 and SiHZ45) and γ (SiHZ17, SiHZ7 and SiHZ35) by a comparative phylogenetic analysis of sesame with Arabidopsis and maize. Afterwards, twenty-one days old sesame seedlings were exposed to drought stress by withholding water for 7 days (when soil moisture content reduced to ~16%) and gene expression of HD-ZIP Class I (13 members) was performed in well- watered (control) and drought stressed seedlings. The gene expression analysis showed that the expressions of SiHZ7 (6.8 fold) and SiHZ35 (2.6 fold) from γ subgroup were significantly high in drought seedlings. This study is useful in demonstrating the role of SiHD-ZIP Class I in sesame drought responses at early seedling stage and to develop its novel drought tolerant varieties.

Assessing Different Media Composition on Germination, Growth and Yield of Transplanted Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Sesamum, a traditional oilseed crop, is susceptible to poor plant establishment due to various biotic and abiotic factors for which transplanting is a suitable option. Still, suitable media for promoting the growth and establishment of sesame seedlings have not yet been exploited. Therefore, a preliminary field experiment was conducted in 2019 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India, to study the effect of various media compositions on the performance of transplanted sesame. Media compositions such as red earth, FYM, vermicompost and composted coir pith were used. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. Results revealed that higher seed germination percentage ( 88), establishment percentage (94), vigor index (1674), seedling height (15 cm), capsules plant-1(83), seeds capsule-1 (58), and seed yield ( 839 kg ha-1) were recorded in media comprising red earth: sand: vermicompost: composted coir pith (2:1:1:1) followed by red earth: sand: vermicompost (2:1:1). Therefore, the media composition of red earth: sand: vermicompost: composted coir pith is highly suitable for promoting growth, seedling vigor, and yield enhancement in transplanted sesame.

A collection of transcriptomic and proteomic datasets from sesame in response to salt stress.

Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor affecting the growth and development of important crops such as sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). To understand the molecular mechanisms of this oilseed crop in response to salt stress, we examined the transcriptome and proteome profiles of two sesame varieties, with contrasting tolerances to salinity. Here, RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analyses of 30 samples from salt-tolerant and -sensitive sesame seedlings under salt stress were carried out. These data can be used for differential gene expression and protein accumulation analyses, based on a genetic aberration or phenotypic differences in sesame responses to salt stress. Our dataset provides an extensive resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of sesame to salt stress, and may constitute useful a resource for increasing the tolerance of major crop plants to raised salinity levels in soils.

Plântulas de gergelim cv. BRS seda sob aplicação de água salinizada

O gergelim é uma importante cultura oleaginosa e alimentícia, bem adaptada às condições da região semiárida, na qual o problema da salinidade é comum. Assim, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a germinação e o crescimento das plântulas de gergelim submetidas ao estresse salino. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, aplicando cinco tratamentos, sendo os níveis de sais correspondente ás condutividades elétricas da água (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4 e 3,0 dS m-1) na cultivar de gergelim BRS seda, distribuídos em quatro repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. As variáveis analisadas foram à porcentagem, a primeira contagem, o índice de velocidade, o tempo médio de germinação, e as variáveis de crescimento das plântulas: comprimento total da plântula, do hipocótilo, da radícula primária, vigor e a massa fresca total da parte área e da radícula primária. Os resultados obtidos denotam que o aumento da salinidade na água ocasiona redução na germinação e no crescimento inicial das plântulas de gergelim. No se recomienda usar agua con concentraciones de sal de 1.2 dS m-1 en el establecimiento de la variedad de seda BRS.

Fatty acid desaturases modulated octadecanoid pathway in Sesame

Omega 3 fatty acid desaturases are involved in the production of α-linolenic acid (LNA) an essential omega 3 fatty acid, which is present in only traces in sesame seeds. LNA is the precursor for jasmonic acid which is the end product of octadecanoid pathway. This study was undertaken to analyze the key components of octadecanoid pathway and its relationship with fatty acid content in sesame. Fatty acid desaturation and membrane fluidity are modulated differentially in various stresses. Sesame seedlings were subjected to transient stress to analyse the octadecanoid pathway and its impact on fatty acid desaturation. The mRNA levels of omega 3 desaturases and LNA content were higher in cold stressed sesame seedlings than heat, drought and salinity stresses. The LOX activity and MDA content were higher in heat stressed sesame seedlings. Jasmonic acid content was higher in salinity stressed seedlings while abscisic acid registered the highest in drought stressed seedlings. Chloroplast fatty acid desaturase genes expression was found to increase the LNA content in cold stressed seedlings. The level of membrane damage measured by lipid peroxidation in terms of LOX activity and MDA content were found to be minimal in cold stressed seedling. This suggests a possible role of LNA in membrane fluidity and cold acclimation in sesame. A synergistic role of JA and ABA is also suspected in abiotic stress tolerance in sesame.

Identification of Pathogenicity Groups and Pathogenic Molecular Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami in China.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami is an extremely destructive pathogen, causing sesame Fusarium wilt disease worldwide. To clarify the pathogenicity and the genetic characters of F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami, we systematically investigated 69 F. oxysporum isolates collected from major sesame-growing areas in China. Among these isolates, 54 isolates were pathogenic and 15 were nonpathogenic according to pathogenicity testing on sesame seedlings. For the pathogenic isolates, three F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami pathogenicity groups were defined based on the three differential sesame hosts for the first time. A translation elongation factor 1α gene tree was constructed to determine the genetic diversity of the F. oxysporum isolates but could not separate F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami isolates from the nonpathogenic isolates and other F. oxysporum formae speciales. Ten secreted-in-xylem (SIX) genes (one family of effectors) were identified in F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami isolates by a search with the genome data, and were subsequently screened in the 69 F. oxysporum isolates. Compared with the SIX gene profiles in other F. oxysporum formae speciales, the presence and sequence variations of the SIX gene homologs directly correlated with the specific pathogenicity of F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami toward sesame. Furthermore, eight of these F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami SIX genes were significantly expressed in sesame plants as infection of the F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami isolate. These findings have important significance for understanding the pathogenic basis of F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami isolates, and will contribute to improve the diagnostics to effectively control Fusarium wilt disease in sesame.

Effects of Day Length and Air Temperature Fluctuation on the Occurrence of Leaf Browning in Sesame Seedlings Cultured in a Plant Factory under Artificial Light

Effects of Day Length and Air Temperature Fluctuation on the Occurrence of Leaf Browning in Sesame Seedlings Cultured in a Plant Factory under Artificial Light

Chromatin Architectures Are Associated with Response to Dark Treatment in the Oil Crop Sesamum indicum, Based on a High-Quality Genome Assembly.

Eukaryotic chromatin is tightly packed into hierarchical structures, allowing appropriate gene transcription in response to environmental and developmental cues. Here, we provide a chromosome-scale de novo genome assembly of sesame with a total length of 292.3 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 20.5 Mb, containing estimated 28,406 coding genes using Pacific Biosciences long reads combined with a genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) approach. Based on this high-quality reference genome, we detected changes in chromatin architectures between normal growth and dark-treated sesame seedlings. Gene expression level was significantly higher in 'A' compartment and topologically associated domain (TAD) boundary regions than in 'B' compartment and TAD interior regions, which is coincident with the enrichment of H4K3me3 modification in these regions. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by dark treated were enriched in the changed TAD-related regions and genomic differential contact regions. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that genes related to 'response to stress' and 'photosynthesis' functional categories were enriched, which corresponds to dark treatment. These results suggested that chromatin organization is associated with gene transcription in response to dark treatment in sesame. Our results will facilitate the understanding of regulatory mechanisms in response to environmental cues in plants.

Growth and K Nutrition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seedlings as Affected by Balancing Soil Exchangeable Cations Ca, Mg, and K of Continuously Monocropped Soil from Upland Fields Converted Paddy

Growth of sesame is known to be limited by poor K nutrition as a result of imbalance in soil exchangeable cations that cause a competitive ion effect in continuous monocropping from upland fields converted paddy. We hypothesized that balancing soil exchangeable cations will improve the K nutrition and growth of sesame plants. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study were to determine the effect of balancing soil exchangeable cations Ca, Mg, and K of continuously monocropped soils on the growth and cation uptake of sesame seedlings and also identify a suitable source of nutrients for improving K nutrition. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in a 3 × 3 factorial design consisting of three levels of balancing treatments i.e. inorganic fertilizer for Ca, Mg, and K, rice husk biochar to increase K content, and the three durations of continuous monocropping soils of one year, two years, and four years from upland fields converted paddy. Balancing soil exchangeable cations was aimed at achieving optimal base saturations (CaO, 75%; MgO, 25%; and K2O, 10%). Results showed that balancing exchangeable cations did not significantly affect growth and cation uptake in the one and two-year soils but significant effect was observed in the four-year soil. Overall, plant height and dry weight increased for the balancing treatments of inorganic fertilizer K and rice husk biochar. Balancing exchangeable cations with biochar was more beneficial than with inorganic fertilizers. The four-year soil’s growth increase was attributed to an increase in K concentration and uptake due to the decrease in the soil Ca/K and Mg/K ratios to that of acceptable levels, which eliminated competitive ion effect as the soil K saturation increased above 5.0%, enhancing sesame growth. Therefore, a balanced soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K that eliminates a competitive ion effect will improve sesame growth and K nutrition although future research should focus on ensuring balanced cation rations under field conditions in continuous monocropping.

Identification of a binding protein for sesamin and characterization of its roles in plant growth

Sesamin is a furofuran-type lignan that is found abundantly in seeds of Sesamum indicum (sesame) and has been widely accepted as a dietary supplement with positive effects on human health. The biological activity of sesamin in human cells and organs has been analysed extensively, although comparatively few studies show biological functions for sesamin in planta. Herein we screened sesamin-binding proteins (SBP) from sesame seedling extracts using sesamin-immobilized nano-beads. In subsequent peptide mass fingerprinting analyses, we identified a SBP, Steroleosin B, which is one of the membrane proteins found in oil bodies. In addition, pull-down assays and saturation transfer difference-nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR) experiments demonstrated that sesamin binds directly to recombinant Steroleosin B in vitro. Finally, ectopic accumulations of sesamin and Steroleosin B in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants induced severe growth defects including suppression of leaf expansion and root elongation. Collectively, these results indicate that sesamin influences tissue development in the presence of Steroleosin B.

In vitro callus induction and plantlet regeneration of sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)

An in vitro propagation protocol was developed for Sesame (Sesamum indicum L. cv.SVPR - 1). In the present study the most important aspects of callus induction (CI) in vitro and regeneration of sesame seedlings (Sesamum indicum L.) were investigated. The explants were grown in basal medium Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with different concentrations ratios of auxins and cytokines for the in vitro CI and the regeneration of plantlet. The callus commencement and induction was distinguished within 8 and 15 days after inoculation. Among the all combinations, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and BAP with their respective concentrations of 2.0 and 0.5 ppm were more effective for IC frequencies in all explants. The maximum number and maximum length of shoots (11.8 ± 0.7, 9.2 ± 0.6 cm), the maximum number and maximum length of roots (6.2 ± 0.7, 6.6 ± 0.8 cm) were well demonstrated for MS with 2.0 ppm Kinetin (Kin) and 2 ppm indole-3-butyric acid in the explant of callus derived from the root. Seedlings with 3 to 5 shoots were transferred to pots of mixtures with equal amount of sand, soil and perlite for acclimation of field conditions and further multiplication. Keywords: Callus induction; In vitro; Mass propagation; Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80073

Impact of different amendments on biochemical responses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plants grown in lead-cadmium contaminated soil

Soil co-contamination with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) is a tenacious risk to crop production globally. The current experiment observed the roles of amendments [biochar (BC), slag (SL), and ferrous manganese ore (FMO)] for enhancing Pb and Cd tolerance in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Our results revealed that application of amendments significantly enhanced the nutrient level of sesame seedlings developed under extreme Pb and Cd conditions. The higher Pb and Cd-tolerance in sesame encouraged by amendments might be credited to its capability to restrict Pb and Cd uptake and decreased oxidative damage induced by Pb and Cd that is also demonstrated by lesser production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced electrolyte leakage (EL) in plant biomass. The added amendments relieved Pb and Cd toxicity and improved photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein, and proline content. Not only this amendments also decreased the antioxidant bulk, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in sesame plants compared to control when exposed to Pb and Cd. Moreover, the added amendments = down-regulated the genes expression which regulate the SOD, POD, and CAT activity in sesame under Pb and Cd-stress. Furthermore, supplementation of amendments to the soil, reduced the bio accessibility (SBET), leachability (TCLP), and mobility (CaCl2) of Pb and Cd. Collectively, our findings conclude that the application of amendments enhanced sesame tolerance to Pb and Cd stress by restricting Pb and Cd accumulation, maintained photosynthetic presentation and dropped oxidative loss through enhanced antioxidant system, thus signifying amendments as an operational stress regulators in modifying Pb and Cd-toxicity that is highly important economically in all crops including sesame.