Production Of Services Research Articles

Green innovation in Norwegian firms: Navigating the complexity of productivity and performance

In an era where sustainability demands are increasing, green innovation (GI) is garnering widespread acclaim for its profound social and environmental benefits. This study explores how GI affects productivity and efficiency in Norwegian service and manufacturing firms, using a state-of-the-art stochastic frontier model (semi-parametric smooth coefficient) tailored to analyze firm-specific impacts essential for competitiveness in a green economy. We identify two main pathways through which GI affects productivity: technological heterogeneity and shifts in inefficiency. The impact on technology is split into neutral (direct) and non-neutral (indirect) effects, with the neutral effect being independent of factor inputs, and the non-neutral effect being influenced by both technology heterogeneity and input levels. We evaluate the marginal effects of GI on productivity through technology and inefficiency. Our GI construct includes innovations such as reduced material/energy use, lower CO2 emissions, noise reduction, hazardous material substitution, and adoption of renewable energy. Analyzing data from 3,130 Norwegian firms, our findings highlight the crucial role of GI in sustainability, underscoring its strategic importance across sectors. We find a positive neutral pathway effect but negatively impacts productivity through non-neutral pathways. GI also positively influences inefficiency, particularly in manufacturing.

Political factors and efficiency in the responsible production of municipal solid waste services: A dynamic DEA with a network structure approach

The production of municipal solid waste (MSW) is driven by socioeconomic development and population growth. In this context, public policymakers, mainly in developing countries, are increasingly focused on ensuring sustainable production and consumption patterns through sustainable management and efficient use of resources. Because of this, we seek to contribute to the effectiveness of public policies and the role of managers in achieving the global Sustainable Development Goals 3, 6, 11, and 12. This study examines the relevance of political and contextual factors on the dynamic efficiency of the network structure of municipal solid waste services in Brazil. We used Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis with Structure Network to calculate the overall efficiency and specific efficiency of the two proposed divisions: operational and economic. We then analyzed the effects of years in political cycles (pre-election, election year, post-election) and contextual factors (ideology, GDP, density, transfers, political size, and geography) on MSW efficiency using Generalized Estimating Equation. The dataset included longitudinal panel data from 218 MSW from 2012 to 2022. Our results showed an average efficiency score of 57.5 %, with only six MSW positioned on the efficiency frontier. Evidence of stagnation in the sector's productivity was also revealed, undermining the goals and objectives of public policies. The results suggest that the years within political cycles significantly impact sector operator efficiency before, during, and after the electoral period. Specifically, lower levels of efficiency are observed during election years, suggesting potential opportunistic behavior throughout most periods of the electoral cycle. The main contribution of this work lies in its analysis of the different periods of a political cycle, and role of capital and ideological politics in intertemporal efficiency across two divisional networks.

Digital economy and its effect on total factor productivity in services: evidence from China

ABSTRACT The emergence of the digital economy has provided a new development model and driving force for social and productive activities. The quest to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the service economy through the digital economy has garnered significant attention in society and academia. In light of this context, this study employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure total factor productivity (TFP) in the service sector, utilizing provincial panel data from China for the period 2007–2019. The empirical results indicate that the digital economy significantly contributes to the growth of TFP in the service sector, and specifically, the channels of its impact include alleviating resource mismatch and promoting industrial structure upgrading. Furthermore, the impact of the digital economy on services TFP varies by region and stage of development of the digital economy. Moreover, based on the informational characteristics of the digital economy, the digital economy not only affects the local service TFP, but also generates a spatial spillover effect on the service TFP of neighbouring regions. This study provides a new empirical evidence to examine the productivity improvement of the digital economy in the service sector and provides important policy implications for achieving high-quality development of the service sector.

Technology evaluation: a systematic review and implications for ethical technology management in tourism and hospitality

ABSTRACT The widespread adoption of disruptive technologies in tourism and hospitality significantly enhances service productivity while concurrently raising critical ethical considerations. However, a study that develops into such a focus shift in technology evaluation research is absent. This systematic review attempted to fill this research gap and reviewed 213 articles recently published in Social Science Citation Index – listed tourism and hospitality journals. This study critically examines the evolving role of technology evaluation. Moreover, this paper offers valuable implications for technology evaluation research that promotes ethical technology management in the new decades of digital revolution.

IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE AND INTERNET USERS ON INDONESIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH

Economic growth refers to the expansion of economic activities that enhance the production of goods and services, ultimately improving societal welfare. It serves as a crucial indicator for analyzing a country's economic development, typically measured by the change in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) between consecutive years. Various indicators can assess Indonesia's economic condition, with national income being a significant metric supported by accurate GDP data, categorized into current and constant prices. Over time, developments have transformed the Indonesian economy, with electronic media becoming increasingly prevalent. The rise of electronic media has facilitated broader and more effective transactions through e-commerce. Identifying the impact of these transactions is essential to understand their relationship with economic growth, which is vital for enhancing the welfare of Indonesia's population. Additionally, the growth of internet users significantly influences the economy. As internet user numbers rise annually amid digitalization, the government is expected to promote wider internet access across the nation. The internet allows individuals to access vital information for business, education, and recreation, contributing to economic growth. Thus, this research analyzes the impact of e-commerce transaction value and internet users on Indonesia's economic growth from 2013 to 2023, using quantitative secondary data and multiple regression analysis.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of adolescents and parents toward malocclusion and orthodontic treatment

Malocclusion is the misalignment of teeth and jaws, affecting oral health and appearance. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of both adolescents and parents toward malocclusion. This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tianjin between July 2019 and July 2022, enrolled adolescents and their parents. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the interactions between KAP. A total of 478 adolescents and 380 parents were included. For knowledge, the scores were 6.95 ± 2.69 for adolescents and 7.07 ± 2.90 for parents (possible range, 0–12). For attitude, the scores were 36.96 ± 7.86 for adolescents and 33.26 ± 9.20 for parents (possible range, 13–65). For practice, the scores were 39.88 ± 7.85 for adolescents and 25.75 ± 8.56 for parents (possible range, 11–55). In parents, knowledge, practice, being a service personnel and production personnel, and acquiring knowledge through the Internet were associated with receiving orthodontic treatment. The SEM showed that knowledge directly affected attitudes (β = 0.551, P < 0.001) and practices (β = 1.122, P < 0.001). But attitudes did not affect practices (β=-0.003, P = 0.923). Adolescents and parents demonstrate unsatisfactory levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward malocclusion. Improvements can be made by focusing on enhancing knowledge and encouraging proactive practices.

Measurement Service Productivity: The Case Study of the Wedding Photography Businesses in Khon Kaen Province

There is an attempt of measuring service productivity in order to analyze performance of the service business. Since wedding photography businesses are struggling due to a variety of issues, service productivity has decreased. The purpose of this research is to measure and analyze the service productivity of 15 wedding photography businesses located in Khon Kaen province. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather input and output variables over a one-month period from the 15 wedding photography businesses. The collected data were analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with an input-oriented approach. The productivity measurement of the wedding photography businesses consists of 3 input variables and 2 output variables. The findings indicated that 6 wedding photography businesses were efficient under the CRS model, and 7 were efficient under the VRS model. The guideline from efficient wedding photography businesses is recommended to improve service productivity in the wedding photography business in terms of operations management by using the best practice units as a benchmark for inefficient DMUs. The results of this research are expected to benefit wedding photography businesses operating in similar contexts and contribute to the broader service sector for further study.

Praksis Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan Pada Unit Produksi Jasa Boga

The Praxis of Entrepreneurship Learning in the Food services Production Unit. This study aims to investigate teachers’ concepts of entrepreneurship learning, entrepreneurship competencies developed in the production unit, and entrepreneurship learning processes in the production unit of food services in SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. This study employed the qualitative case study. The research subjects were the principal, head of the study program, head of the production unit, and students. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The result shows that: (1) Entrepreneurship learning needs hands-on-experiences-based; (2) the entrepreneurship competency developed through the production unit includes a) entrepreneurship knowledge, consisting of self-knowledge and practical knowledge, b) entrepreneurship attitudes, consisting of work ethos, autonomy, discipline, creativity, and innovativeness, and c) entrepreneurship skills, consisting of: technical skill, human relations skill, conceptual skill, decision making skill, time management skill, and leadership skill; (3) no instructional standard employed in to develop entrepreneurship in production unit. There are three entrepreneurship learning models employed in the production unit: inside production, outside production, and mobile canteen. The learning outcome is measured in two ways, i.e. performance and product monitoring. Meanwhile, evaluation of the students’ learning progress is conducted by using profit-based evaluation. Keywords: learning, entrepreneurship, production unit

Humans versus models: a comparative assessment of ecosystem services models and stakeholders’ perceptions

Mapping the production of Ecosystem Services (ES) is imperative for sustainable ecosystem management. Likewise, incorporating expert knowledge enhances ES research. Here, we calculate eight multi-temporal ES indicators for mainland Portugal using a spatial modelling approach. These indicators are then integrated into the novel ASEBIO index—Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity—which depicts a combined ES potential based on CORINE Land Cover, using a multi-criteria evaluation method with weights defined by stakeholders through an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Outputs from the modelling show how ES have changed in Portugal in relation to land use changes, including trade-offs between 1990 and 2018. The composed ASEBIO index is compared against the stakeholders’ valuation of ES potential for the year 2018. The results reveal a significant mismatch between the ES potential perceived by stakeholders and the models, with stakeholder estimates being 32.8% higher on average. All the selected ES were overestimated by the stakeholders. Drought regulation and erosion prevention have the highest contrasts, while water purification, food production and recreation are the most closely aligned among both approaches. Providing the first national overview about the status of multiple ES over a 28 year-period, our findings highlight potential disparities between data-driven and stakeholder-based evaluations. Therefore, we suggest the need for integrative strategies that consider scientific models with expert knowledge for more effective ES assessments and land-use planning. This approach could help bridge the gap between data-driven models and human perspectives, resulting in more balanced and inclusive decision-making.

Filsafat Materialisme Karl Marx (Epistimologi Dialectical And Historical Materiali)

With the premise that the production and distribution of products and services is vital to aid people in growing their life, this article examines Karl Marx's historical materialism and its methodology. Economic considerations serve as the foundation of human existence, while the concrete problems of human awareness in the fields of science, philosophy, ideology, and religion serve as the superstructure, according to him. According to Marx, society's superstructure is defined by its economic foundation. Marx argued that the struggle between social classes was the driving force behind all major historical shifts. Marx posits a social hierarchy in which the capitalist bourgeoisie and the working class proletariat are the two main social groups. Thus, rather than people, social class is a product of historical development that dictates how events unfold. A class revolution is inevitable given the presence of these two social strata. Religion is the opium of the masses, according to Marx; the more one devotes oneself to religion, the more lost he will become. Religion does not create man, but rather, Marx argues that humans create religion.

Automatic categorization of medical documents in Afaan Oromo using ensemble machine learning techniques

Automatic medical document classification using machine learning techniques can enhance the productivity of healthcare services by reducing processing time and cost. This work proposes an ensemble learning approach to develop a model that classifies electronic medical documents in Afaan Oromo. The main tasks in this work are preparing the corpus, pre-processing, training the models, and the classification process. We used the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and bag of words (BOW) feature extraction methods. An ensemble technique in this work is that it creates multiple individual classifier predictions from naïve Bayes, random forest, SVM, and logistic regression and then combines them to advance a reliable and more accurate classifier. Evaluation measures were employed using accuracy, F1-score, recall, and precision for performance comparison. The efficiency of the proposed method is compared with the two existing boosting approaches, namely gradient boosting and adaboost. The experimental result shows the efficiency of BOW feature extraction over TF-IDF in this work on our dataset. These results also illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed model by scoring 94.81% accuracy and 94.84% F1-score. This work significantly contributes to the technological enhancement of service delivery, managing documents through classification methods, and advancing the data processing systems in healthcare sectors.

Improvement of Mro Material Procurement Efficiency Through the Six Sigma Concept at PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) TBK

PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk (PTKS) is a State-Owned Enterprise engaged in the production of steel and related services. The MRO Procurement Department is a procurement function to process MRO Material purchasing at PTKS. The main problem currently faced is the lead time for the MRO material procurement process which takes a long time, the reason is that procurement is often conducted by spot method and repeatedly for the same material. Too long lead times pose a risk to the smooth production process due to the unavailability of MRO materials when needed. Referring to the MRO Procurement Department's KPI, &gt;85% of the number of POs (Purchase Orders) issued must have a lead time of &lt;41 days, however, based on the actual historical data for 2022, the PO lead time achievement for the MRO material procurement process does not meet the target. Department's KPI, &gt;85% of the number of PO’s (Purchase Orders) issued must have a lead time of &lt;41 days, however, based on the actual historical data for 2022, the PO lead time achievement for the MRO material procurement process does not reach the target. An alternative solution used to speed up procurement lead times is implementing a Blanket Purchase Agreement (BPA) and/or Consignment Contract for MRO routine/consumable material types. The results obtained are that the long and complicated MRO material procurement process for the same type of material can be eliminated, which means that with the improvements made, the MRO Procurement Department can implement a more efficient procurement process.

Sustainability of the real sector of the Russian economy: Economic security and sanctions realities

Aim. To investigate the essence of the real sector of the Russian economy and identify the features of its impact on achieving economic security under sanctions.Objectives. To determine the essence of the real sector of the economy and assess its contribution to the stability of the national economy under sanctions; to identify the stages of development of the real sector of the Russian economy; to form an approach to regulating the real sector in the context of achieving economic security.Methodology. The research uses methods of comparative, structural, functional, and historical (retrospective) analysis, as well as tools of systemic and institutional approaches.Results. The real sector of the economy includes the production of goods and services, its functioning is associated with the creation of new value. This distinguishes it from the virtual and financial sectors where real, tangible goods are not created and where, in fact, the product formed in the real sector is redistributed. In crisis conditions, the developed real sector serves as the basis for the functioning of the economy and the satisfaction of basic economic needs, its stability determines national economic security.Conclusions. In modern conditions, characterized by sanctions pressure on Russia from unfriendly countries, the real sector of the economy plays an important role in ensuring the stability of the country’s economy as a whole. Its dynamics largely determines protection against traditional and new (sanctions-related) threats and risks to economic security. At the same time, there is a need for government support and regulation of the development of the real sector, which is associated with many different difficulties. To increase the effectiveness of this regulation, a permanent search for a balance between the use of planned and market instruments is required, the development of a mixed system of economic regulation that combines the tools of market and planned approaches. This will make it possible for the state to flexibly and adaptively manage the process of ensuring national economic security.

Assessing Technical Inefficiency in Ecosystem Service Provision from an Input Perspective in the Cross Timbers region, United States.

We modeled the efficiency of ecosystem service provision-specifically timber production, carbon sequestration, and water yield-in the Cross Timbers region of the United States using stochastic frontier analysis from an input perspective. Inputs considered included natural capital and control variables such as temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and natural disturbances, among others, that impact ecosystem service production. Inefficiency was modeled as a function of factors such as ownership, forest productivity, and natural disturbances. We utilized forest plot-level data obtained from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program between 2008 and 2019. Our results indicated that ecosystem service production increased with higher levels of natural capital, higher temperatures, mesic soils, the presence of oaks, and damage caused by abiotic factors. We found evidence of technical inefficiency in the simultaneous provision of ecosystem services. From an input perspective, our findings revealed that, on average, 15.9% more input is used due to technical inefficiency in the Cross Timbers region. Specifically, private ownership and damage caused by abiotic factors resulted in excess input use of 16.4% and 14.3%, respectively, due to technical inefficiency. Managing the encroachment of invasive species like eastern redcedar can enhance ecosystem service production in the region, despite the high implementation costs. Collaboration among multidisciplinary extension professionals can help create comprehensive land management plans for the Cross Timbers, while landowners can also utilize cost-share programs to lower management expenses.

Optimization of Customer Complain Handling at Grapari East Java

The operational process at GraPARI is a benchmark for PT Telkomsel's success in the service sector which will later influence customer loyalty in using the product and ultimately increase revenue. Therefore, the potential of GraPARI services must be maximized, especially in terms of complaint handling. The high quality of service can be seen from the number of customers who come, the orderly and comfortable queue model, and the quick and precise solutions from customer service for all complaints lodged by customers. This research was conducted to create a system for monitoring the most effective traffic handling of customer complaints, thereby speeding up the complaint handling process using parameters of customer quantity, customer service productivity, and ending in the back office as a case executor. From these three parameters, cases are first categorized into three channels (human error, system error, and unique requests). The calculation results show that from all these categories, the process of handling them is slow with an Out Of SLA ratio of almost 80%. After a simulation of optimization using tandem channels, the estimated optimal duration decreased as the number of servers used increased, with the traffic is reduced by 7% by using 10 additional servers in the tandem channels

Analysis of the Implementation of Electronic Medical Records in Efficiency, Productivity, and Performance of Health Services at the Sriamur Bekasi Health Center with the Wellbeing Method

The application of digital technology in health services has significantly improved efficiency and service quality. Electronic Medical Record (E.M.R.) is a technology implementation that records, stores, and manages patient medical data electronically. This study aims to analyze the impact of using E.M.R. on the productivity and efficiency of health services at the Sriamur Bekasi Community Health Center. This research uses the Wellbeing method with a qualitative approach. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews and questionnaires distributed to the medical and administrative staff of the Sriamur Community Health Center. Secondary data on the number of patients before and after E.M.R. implementation was also analyzed. The leading indicators measured include service time, quality, error rate, and human resource utilization. The research results show a significant increase in productivity and efficiency after E.M.R. implementation. The number of patients served per day increases, and the time required for recording and retrieving patient data is reduced. Respondents indicated high satisfaction with using E.M.R., with the majority assessing that the system helps speed up administrative processes and improve the accuracy of medical data. Implementing E.M.R. at the Sriamur Bekasi Community Health Center has increased the medical staff's operational efficiency and productivity. This technology makes it easier to access and manage patient data and reduces the administrative burden so that medical personnel can focus more on health services. To maximize the benefits of E.M.R., ongoing training and regular evaluation of existing systems and procedures are required.

The role of natural resources rent, trade openness and technological innovations on environmental sustainability – Evidence from resource-rich african nations

Environmental sustainability is fundamental in ensuring the needs of current generation are not met through exhausting the resources available to meet the needs of the future generations. Nature provides key resources required as factors of production in the production of goods and services. Therefore, it is important to maintain and protect the environment, ensuring that these resources do not deplete. This study investigates the role of technological innovations, trade openness, economic growth and natural resource rents in maintaining environmental sustainability. The data of the top ten natural resource-rich African countries are used for the time ranging from 1996 to 2023. The main novelty of the research is that it considers countries with abundance natural resources in ascertaining the influence of natural resources on environmental sustainability; hence, ascertaining the existence of resource curse in developing nations with abundance natural resources. Data is analysed with the Methods of Moments Quantile Regression that present robust results when heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependency are present. We present that technological innovations, trade openness, renewable energy and governance promote environmental sustainability in these resource-rich nations of Africa. Technological innovations fosters environmental sustainability in the long and short term. We also present that economic growth and natural resource rents worsen the quality of the environment, through raising the emission of carbon. Specifically, natural resource rents significantly raises the emission of carbon in the long term. Policies proposed advocates for the advancement in the rule of law of nations and the promotion of technological innovations.

Development and activation of the innovative potential of the Russian economy: regional features, structural priorities, levels of implementation

Relevance. The idea of developing and implementing innovative solutions in various spheres of society implies the existence of ways to find such solutions, their active use and improvement. For this reason, the essence of innovative thinking on the scale of both a single enterprise and the state as a whole requires appropriate provision.The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the chronological cross-section of the level of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the context of multiple global economic and political crises and the internal activation of strategic innovative trends in the formats of lawmaking and modernization.Objectives. To achieve this goal, within the framework of this study, the current legislative situation regarding the state's innovation policy and its projected consequences were considered; the factors of growth in the level of innovative development of the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of statistical dominants were studied; the complex results of regional innovation activity and the all-Russian state of the innovative sphere of development, production, export and import of goods and services were analyzed.Methodology. The methodological basis of this study is the method of chronological extrapolation analysis of trends with constant adjustment in conditions of the selective nature of the analytical data bank; in addition, a theoretical generalization of the indexed result and a priori trend forecasting within the observation period are used.Results. The general principles of the innovation segment development are the same for the whole state, but their applicability in different regions depends on the degree of their convergence with border territorial entities — the basis of the innovation development strategy is the assessment of regional potential in the sum of all indicators. Nevertheless, there is always the possibility of finding a thematic statistical trend.Conclusions. It is fundamentally important for the innovative development of the state to take into account the specifics of each individual region. With all the variety of means and methods of innovative development at all levels of management, priority is given to only a few. In this case, rating systems are an auxiliary element of management structures.

Analyzing the 'Supply Creates its Own Demand' Phenomenon in the Context of Jammu and Kashmir's Economy

This paper examines the phenomenon of "supply creates its own demand" in the context of Jammu and Kashmir's economy. Originally posited by Jean-Baptiste Say, this economic principle asserts that the production of goods and services leads to the generation of income and demand for those same goods and services. In this study, we aim to explore how this phenomenon unfolds within the unique socio-political, geographical, and economic landscape of Jammu and Kashmir. By analyzing key sectors such as agriculture, industry, and tourism, we assess how production drives demand and evaluate factors inhibiting this dynamic, including political instability and infrastructural challenges. A regression analysis is used to provide empirical insights, followed by policy recommendations that could enhance the region's economic growth.

Supplier Optimization Strategy, Risk Strategy and Enterprise Supply Chain Performance of SMEs

Purpose: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bamenda City are integral to the region's economic development, contributing significantly to employment, innovation, and economic growth. Supply chain management involves the coordination and optimization of activities related to sourcing, production, and delivery of products and services. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplier optimization strategy and risk strategy on the enterprise supply chain performance of SMES in Bamenda City. Methods: Data for this study was obtained with the help of a structured questionnaire. By combining both designs, the study can first describe the existing situation or relationships (descriptive), and then explore or test potential causes and effects (causal). The partial least square regression model was used to analyze the paper. Results: Results from partial least squares structural equation models (PLS-SEM) revealed a positive insignificant effect of supplier optimization strategy on supply chain performance. Risk strategy was also found to exert a positive effect on supply chain performance everything being equal. Implications: Although supplier optimization has a positive impact on supply chain performance, the effect is insignificant. This suggests that while the strategy is directionally sound, it may need to be enhanced or refined. Also, given the positive significant effect of the risk strategy on supply chain performance, organizations should continue to focus on and invest in risk management.