Service-oriented Architecture Paradigm Research Articles

Generic Patterns for Intrusion Detection Systems in Service-Oriented Automotive and Medical Architectures

To implement new software functions and more flexible updates in the future as well as to provide cloud-based functionality, the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm is increasingly being integrated into automotive electrical and electronic architecture (E/E architectures). In addition to the automotive industry, the medical industry is also researching SOA-based solutions to increase the interoperability of devices (vendor-independent). The resulting service-oriented communication is no longer fully specified during design time, which affects information security measures. In this paper, we compare different SOA protocols for the automotive and medical fields. Furthermore, we explain the underlying communication patterns and derive features for the development of an SOA-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS).

Guaranteeing end-to-end QoS provisioning in SOA based SDN architecture: A survey and Open Issues

Ensuring end-to-end Quality of Services (QoS) is a challenging aspect in traditional network architectures. Software-Defined Network (SDN), as the new norm of the network, has ascended in response to a traditional network’s limitations. SDN’s benefits are its ability to provide a global networking view, programmability, decouple the data plane with the control plane. Integrating SDN architecture with Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm brings a novel network-based notion for service delivery. However, it also introduces new challenges for maintaining the QoS in these networks. Researchers from both academia and industry have proposed and developed several resolutions for QoS management in SDNs. However, gaps still exist in developing and applying such resolutions for QoS management in SOA-based SDNs. This review paper aims to identify these gaps by representing a sketch of the effectiveness of the existing QoS management techniques in SOA-based SDNs. We first identify the four different requirements that QoS management techniques need to meet to be applied in SOA-based SDNs. We then categorize the relevant QoS management approaches into five main categories of QoS based controller design, Resource allocation-based approach, Queue scheduling and management-based approach, QoS-driven optimal routing, and Service Level Agreement (SLA) based quality management in SDN. We then compare the working of techniques in each category against the identified requirements for guaranteeing end-to-end QoS provisioning in SOA based SDN architecture and present directions for future research.

Support System for Early Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on the Service-Oriented Architecture Paradigm and Business Process Management Strategy: Development and Usability Survey Among Patients and Health Care Providers.

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease with a high global prevalence. The main scientific societies dedicated to the management of this disease have published clinical practice guidelines for quality practice. However, at present, there are important weaknesses in COPD diagnosis criteria that often lead to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis.ObjectiveWe sought to develop a new support system for COPD diagnosis. The system was designed to overcome the weaknesses detected in current guidelines with the goals of enabling early diagnosis, and improving the diagnostic accuracy and quality of care provided.MethodsWe first analyzed the main clinical guidelines for COPD to detect weaknesses that exist in the current diagnostic process, and then proposed a redesign based on a business process management (BPM) strategy for its optimization. The BPM system acts as a backbone throughout the process of COPD diagnosis in this proposed approach. The newly developed support system was integrated into a health information system for validation of its use in a hospital environment. The system was qualitatively evaluated by experts (n=12) and patients (n=36).ResultsAmong the 12 experts, 10 (83%) positively evaluated our system with respect to increasing the speed for making the diagnosis, helping in interpreting results, and encouraging opportunistic diagnosis. With an overall rating of 4.29 on a 5-point scale, 27/36 (75%) of patients considered that the system was very useful in providing a warning about possible cases of COPD. The overall assessment of the system was 4.53 on a 5-point Likert scale with agreement to extend its use to all primary care centers.ConclusionsThe proposed system provides a functional method to overcome the weaknesses detected in the current diagnostic process for COPD, which can help foster early diagnosis, while improving the diagnostic accuracy and quality of care provided.

Decision as a Service (DaaS): A Service-Oriented Architecture Approach for Decisions in Processes

Separating decision modelling from the processes modelling concern recently gained significant support in literature, as incorporating both concerns into a single model impairs the scalability, maintainability, flexibility, and understandability of both processes and decisions. Most notably the introduction of the Decision Model and Notation (DMN) standard by the Object Management Group provides a suitable solution for externalising decisions from processes and automating decision enactments for processes. This article introduces a systematic way of tackling the separation of the decision modelling concern from process modelling by providing a Decision as a Service (DaaS) layered Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) which approaches decisions as automated and externalised services that processes need to invoke on demand to obtain the decision outcome. The DaaS mechanism is elucidated by a formalisation of DMN constructs and the relevant layer elements. Furthermore, DaaS is evaluated against the fundamental characteristics of the SOA paradigm, proving its contribution in terms of abstraction, reusability, loose coupling, and other pertinent SOA principles. Additionally, the benefits of the DaaS design on process-decision modelling and mining are discussed. Finally, the DaaS design is illustrated on a real-life event log of a bank loan application and approval process, and the SOA maturity of DaaS is assessed.

An Overview of Automotive Service-Oriented Architectures and Implications for Security Countermeasures

New requirements from the customers’ and manufacturers’ point of view such as adding new software functions during the product life cycle require a transformed architecture design for future vehicles. The paradigm of signal-oriented communication established for many years will increasingly be replaced by service-oriented approaches in order to increase the update and upgrade capability. In this article, we provide an overview of current protocols and communication patterns for automotive architectures based on the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm and compare them with signal-oriented approaches. Resulting challenges and opportunities of SOAs with respect to information security are outlined and discussed. For this purpose, we explain different security countermeasures and present a state of the section of automotive approaches in the fields of firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) and Identity and Access Management (IAM). Our final discussion is based on an exemplary hybrid architecture (signal- and service-oriented) and examines the adaptation of existing security measures as well as their specific security features.

Resilient Service Embedding in IoT Networks

The Internet of Things (IoT) can support a significant number of services including those in smart homes and the automation of industries and public utilities. However, the growth of these deployments has posed a significant challenge especially in terms of how to build such deployments in a highly resilient manner. The IoT devices are prone to unpredicted failures and cyber-attacks, i.e. various types of damage, unreliable wireless connections, limited transmission power, computing ability, and storage space. Thus resilience is essential in IoT networks and in the services they support. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to resilience in IoT service embedding, based on traffic splitting. Our study assesses the power consumption associated with the services embedded and the data delivery time. The results are compared to recent approaches in resilience including redundancy and replication approaches. We constructed an optimization model whose goal is to determine the optimum physical resources to be used to embed the IoT virtual topology, where the latter is derived from a business process (BP). The embedding process makes use of the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm. The physical resources of interest include IoT links and devices. The model made use of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) with an objective function that aimed to minimize both the total power consumption and the traffic latency. The optimization results show that the power consumption is reduced and the data delivery time is reduced in the service embedding approach where the proposed traffic splitting approach is employed resulting in the selection of energy efficient nodes and routes in the IoT network. Our methods resulted in up to 35% power saving compared to current methods and reduced the average traffic latency by up to 37% by selecting energy-efficient nodes and routes in IoT networks and by optimizing traffic flow to minimize latency.

Large-scale distributed semantic augmented reality services – A performance evaluation

This paper presents an architecture for large-scale distributed AR services and an experimental evaluation of the main component – Semantic Augmented Reality Middleware. The architecture is based on a client-server design, which supports semantic modeling and building contextual AR presentations for a large number of users. The architecture is based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm that enables building distributed systems that provide application functionality as services to either end-user applications or other services. The proposed architecture consists of two client-side components and multiple server-side distributed service applications – semantic middleware and AR service providers. The presented findings are promising and demonstrate that application of semantic web techniques can be a useful solution to implement large-scale contextual distributed AR environments.

Self-description of Cyber-Physical Production Modules for a product-driven manufacturing system

The shift in customer demand from low cost to customized products has a strong influence on production concepts. To combine the advantages of mass production such as economies of scale and the requirements of customization, modularity has proven to be a solution. However, production systems stay focused on specific products, thus are difficult to adapt to new product variants and changes on the shop floor. In order to ensure the subsequent adaptability of production plants, the paradigm of service-oriented architecture allows to instantiate flexible Cyber-Physical Production Modules (CPPM) which offer their capabilities as services. Based on specifications of the product, production processes and the corresponding services of the CPPMs can be selected.This paper analyses the challenges of the production paradigm of a product-driven factory, which offers production-as-a-service. Focus of the paper is the proposition of a new approach for the matching and description of product and CPPMs. Selection criteria on a meta level such as cost, quality, production time and resource efficiency are also discussed. The paper takes the Production Planning and Scheduling (PPS) into account and how it has to be adapted for a flexible, changeable factory of the future.

Flexible model specification and application for service-oriented software

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has gained considerable popularity for the development of large-scale distributed software systems. The SOA paradigm promotes the reusability and integrability of software in heterogeneous environments by means of open standards. The existing problem is that every service-oriented software development project often requires a customized development process that provides specific service-oriented software in support of requirements unique to that project. To resolve this problem, this study proposes universal service-oriented software (USOS). USOS focuses on the general simulation technology and integrates many features, which are necessary to build a correct and efficient simulation system. It is aimed at providing a professional environment to reduce the cost of modeling as well as the execution time of the simulation for multi-type models. USOS supports many advanced features such as dynamic model template generation, multi-formalism model debugging, flexible model-driven application, etc. Developers may use USOS as an open framework to build, store, and verify models very efficiently. Based on USOS, we have developed a large-scale parallel simulation platform called SIM, which is oriented to test parallel and distributed architectures, and applications in the aerospace domain. This study introduces the distinctive features of USOS for practical implementation of SIM and validates the performance by a prototype system simulation.

Dynamic Reconfiguration and Adaptation of Manufacturing Systems Using SOSJ Framework

One of the key challenges in modern manufacturing systems is how to dynamically reconfigure software behaviors that govern machines to reflect changes in physical manufacturing process without completely resetting the entire manufacturing operation. The existing software solutions used to describe software behaviors in manufacturing systems are typically not based on formal semantics and model of computation and have limited capabilities in handling dynamic adaptation/reconfiguration. This paper presents the Service-Oriented SystemJ (SOSJ) framework that supports a new programming paradigm for designing dynamic distributed manufacturing systems. SOSJ combines the system-level language SystemJ and service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm to take advantages of both SystemJ's correct-by-construction formal semantics and SOA's dynamic features, respectively. The paper describes the concepts and functionalities of SOSJ, which enable dynamic reconfiguration of a typical manufacturing system. Performance benchmarks are run to compare the capabilities of SOSJ to a multiagent system framework JADE.

A Framework combining Agile, User-centered design and Service Oriented Architecture approaches for Collaborative Disaster Management system Design

Disaster management is a special type of human complex organisation in which heterogeneous human actors belonging to different authorities collaborate and work together with the shared aim to solve, or at least reduce, the disaster situation. Thus, the collaboration in this case within team members and with other teams operating at the disaster site(s) is very critical and complex; the achievement of the desired goal heavily depends on this collaboration. Interactive and easy to use services in these scenarios are very valuable and necessary as they can improve collaboration, coordination, and communication amongst team(s) to achieve the desired goals. For this purpose, in this paper, we propose a novel design framework for complex disaster management systems. We combine agile characteristics and principles, user-centred techniques and service-oriented architecture paradigm. Our aim is to take into account the needs of the disaster managers in an iterative development process, to improve the human actors' involvement in the design projects, to offer the possibility to accept any changes in order to produce highly usable and interactive service-based collaborative services.

OR.NET RT: how service-oriented medical device architecture meets real-time communication.

Today's landscape of medical devices is dominated by stand-alone systems and proprietary interfaces lacking cross-vendor interoperability. This complicates or even impedes the innovation of novel, intelligent assistance systems relying on the collaboration of medical devices. Emerging approaches use the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm based on Internet protocol (IP) to enable communication between medical devices. While this works well for scenarios with no or only soft timing constraints, the underlying best-effort communication scheme is insufficient for time critical data. Real-time (RT) networks are able to reliably guarantee fixed latency boundaries, for example, by using time division multiple access (TDMA) communication patterns. However, deterministic RT networks come with their own limitations such as tedious, inflexible configuration and a more restricted bandwidth allocation. In this contribution we overcome the drawbacks of both approaches by describing and implementing mechanisms that allow the two networks to interact. We introduce the first implementation of a medical device network that offers hard RT guarantees for control and sensor data and integrates into SOA networks. Based on two application examples we show how the flexibility of SOA networks and the reliability of RT networks can be combined to achieve an open network infrastructure for medical devices in the operating room (OR).

Prototype Environment for integrating and sharing Farm Things and associated data

Farm equipment, including sensors and mobile machinery, create increasing amounts of data, and data can also be gained from third-party services. In order to be able to fully take advantage of this a farmer needs to be able to gather, store, process, and share the data as needed. In this work we describe a prototype for open environment that can gather, combine, store, select, and share data from arbitrary sources and with external partners, as well as use the data in decision making and provide it as input for various services. The environment is built using the Service Oriented Architecture paradigm and is therefore not tied to any specific operating system or software framework. We have tested the environment on the farm scale in Finland. The system was found suitable to improve the work in all tested tasks.

A SOA-Based Platform to Support Clinical Data Sharing.

The eSource Data Interchange Group, part of the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium, proposed five scenarios to guide stakeholders in the development of solutions for the capture of eSource data. The fifth scenario was subdivided into four tiers to adapt the functionality of electronic health records to support clinical research. In order to develop a system belonging to the “Interoperable” Tier, the authors decided to adopt the service-oriented architecture paradigm to support technical interoperability, Health Level Seven Version 3 messages combined with LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) vocabulary to ensure semantic interoperability, and Healthcare Services Specification Project standards to provide process interoperability. The developed architecture enhances the integration between patient-care practice and medical research, allowing clinical data sharing between two hospital information systems and four clinical data management systems/clinical registries. The core is formed by a set of standardized cloud services connected through standardized interfaces, involving client applications. The system was approved by a medical staff, since it reduces the workload for the management of clinical trials. Although this architecture can realize the “Interoperable” Tier, the current solution actually covers the “Connected” Tier, due to local hospital policy restrictions.

Situation-Aware IoT Service Coordination Using the Event-Driven SOA Paradigm

Internet of Things (IoT) technology demands a complex, lightweight distributed architecture with numerous diverse components, including end devices and applications adapted for specific contexts. This paper proposes a situation-aware IoT services coordination platform based on the event-driven service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm. Focus is placed on the design of an event-driven, service-oriented IoT services coordination platform, for which we present a situational event definition language (SEDL), an automaton-based situational event detection algorithm, and a situational event-driven service coordination behavior model, which is based on an extended event-condition-action trigger mechanism. Moreover, we propose a reliable real-time data distribution model to support the effective dispatching sensory data between information providers and consumers, which is based on the grid quorum mechanism to organize those brokers into a grid overlay network to facilitate the asynchronous communication in a large-scale, distributed, and loosely coupled IoT applications environment. We also illustrate the various illustrations for IoT services coordination and alarming disposal process of coal mine safety monitoring and control automation scenarios, and also report the measurement and analysis of the platform’s performance.

Artificial intelligence in service-oriented software design

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has gained considerable popularity for the development of distributed enterprise-wide applications within the software industry. The SOA paradigm promotes the reusability and integrability of software in heterogeneous environments by means of open standards. Most software companies capitalize on SOA by discovering and composing services already accessible over the Internet, whereas other organizations need internal control of applications and develop new services with quality-attribute properties tailored to their particular environment. Therefore, based on architectural and business requirements, developers can elaborate different alternatives within a SOA framework to design their software applications. Each of these alternatives will imply trade-offs among quality attributes, such as performance, dependability and availability, among others. In this context, Artificial Intelligence (AI) can assist developers in dealing with service-oriented design with the positive impact on scalability and management of generic quality attributes. In this paper, we offer a detailed, conceptualized and synthesized analysis of AI research works that have aimed at discovering, composing, or developing services. We also identify open research issues and challenges in the aforementioned research areas. The results of the characterization of 69 contemporary approaches and potential research directions for the areas are also shown. It is concluded that AI has aimed at exploiting the semantic resources and achieving quality-attribute properties so as to produce flexible and adaptive-to-change service discovery, composition, and development.

Application of a New Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Paradigm on the Design of a Crisis Management Distributed System

The complexity and the intensity of crisis-related situations require the use of advanced distributed systems infrastructures. In order to develop such infrastructures, specific architectures need to be applied such as Component-based Modelling, Object-Oriented, Aspect-Oriented and Service-Oriented Design. This paper focuses on the use of Service-Oriented Design techniques for the development of the ATHENA Crisis Management Distributed System. The function of the ATHENA Crisis Management Distributed System is based on the use of data generated by social media for the evaluation of the severity of the conditions of a crisis and the coordination of the appropriate measures in response to the crisis. The paper presents a new definition for Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and specifies the benefits that are generated by the use of this new definition in the development of the ATHENA system. Useful conclusions are also drawn in relation to how the definition considers the different technical backgrounds of users.

Aggregation of SOA and Cloud Computing: A Recent Emerging Technology

Cloud is gaining popularity as means for saving cost of IT ownership and accelerating time to market due to ready-to-use, dynamically scalable computing infrastructure and software services offered on Cloud on pay-per-use basis. Design of software solution for delivery as a shared service over Cloud requires specific considerations. Cloud computing is a way to increase the capacity or add capabilities dynamically without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. It extends Information Technology’s (IT) existing capabilities. In the last few years, cloud computing has grown from being a promising business concept to one of the fast growing segments of the IT industry. But as more and more information on individuals and companies are placed in the cloud, concerns are beginning to grow about just how safe an environment it is. Despite of all the hype surrounding the cloud, enterprise customers are still reluctant to deploy their business in the cloud. Security is one of the major issues which reduces the growth of cloud computing and complications with data privacy and data protection continue to plague the market. The advent of an advanced model should not negotiate with the required functionalities and capabilities present in the current model. A new model targeting at improving features of an existing model must not risk or threaten other important features of the current model. The architecture of cloud poses such a threat to the security of the existing technologies when deployed in a cloud environment. Cloud service users need to be vigilant in understanding the risks of data breaches in this new environment. In this paper, a survey of the different exiting solution and that pose a new solution to the cloud is presented. In this paper we describe an approach for design of infrastructure resource management as a service for use by group of institution based on Service Oriented Architecture, Software-as-a-Service, and Cloud Computing paradigms.

Survey: SOA Architecture in Cloud Computing

Design of software solution for delivery as a shared service over Cloud requires specific considerations. In this chapter we describe an approach for design of infrastructure resource management as a service for use by group of institution based on Service Oriented Architecture, Software-as-a-Service, and Cloud Computing paradigms. Our goal in this paper is to propose a architecture mechanism that allows the hiding of a large quantity of data as possible in a database to provide them to other institutions without resulting much difference between the original institution having the data and the other institute accessing them significantly. A fusion of implementation, analysis and evaluation has to be done for hiding information.

Planning-based semantic web service composition in factory automation

The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm enables production systems to be composed of web services. In an SOA-based production system, the individual production devices provide web service interfaces that encapsulate the behavior of the devices and abstract the implementation details. Such a service-oriented approach makes it possible to apply web service orchestration technologies in the development of production workflow descriptions. While manual formulation of production workflows tends to require considerable effort from domain experts, semantic web service descriptions enable computer algorithms to automatically generate the appropriate web service orchestrations. Such algorithms realize AI planning and employ semantic web service descriptions in determining the workflows required to achieve the production goals desired. In addition, the algorithms can automatically adapt the workflows to unexpected changes in the goals pursued and the production devices available.