Service In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Research Articles

Improved Routing Protocols: A First Step Towards Quality of Service in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

The recent developments in wireless technology have piqued academics' curiosity. Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) is a fast-growing networking architecture used in emergency, disaster, and tactical operations applications. It covers a wide range of applications with some degradation due to its flexible and expandable nature. Because routing is the primary function of wireless networks, routing protocol design is critical in Adhoc networks. Various methods have been used to improve the performance of current routing protocols in different categories. Technical advances in routing protocols have recently been achieved, combined with optimization approaches to improve the overall performance of MANETs routing protocols. This research initially looked at several sorts of routing protocols before going through their variations for energy economy and latency reduction. The previous protocols, which were created utilizing optimization methods, will then illustrate the current requirement. Finally, the review analysis delves into many aspects such as commonly used protocols, optimization techniques, QoS parameters, performance metrics, and future paths. Keywords: MANETs, Energy, Delay, Optimized Protocols, QoS.

Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning in Healthcare System for improving Quality of Service

A vital element of widespread patient monitoring is consistency in transmission between the patients and the healthcare professionals not including time and position dependencies. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques have a vast possibility to proficiently handle the automated function of the mobile nodes distributed in the Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). ML is a part of AI in that the computer algorithms learn themselves by improving from historical experiences. The main issues in MANET are autonomous operation, maximization of a lifetime, coverage of the network, energy utilization, connectivity issues, quality of service, high bandwidth necessity, communication protocol design, etc. ML is valuable for data aggregation, and it saves the energy of mobile nodes and enhances the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Algorithm for improving the Quality of Service in MANET (AIMQ). ML techniques based on artificial neural networks (ANN) algorithm is helpful for data aggregation tasks. This approach formed the clusters by node mobility and connectivity. Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm is applied in every cluster to choose a proficient Cluster Head (CH). Here, we choose the CH by GSO fitness function based on mobile node degree, node distance, node reliability, and energy. ANN algorithm recognizes and chooses the data aggregator with great energy and more extended stability. It updates the weight of input parameters such as node energy, node degree, packet loss ratio, and node delay to reduce the errors. It minimizes the repetitive CHs selection and member nodes’ re-affiliation in a cluster.

Fuzzy logic based cross-layer design to improve Quality of Service in Mobile ad-hoc networks for Next-gen Cyber Physical System

5G standard by 3GGP has provision for Device-to-Device (D2D) communication over a Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) framework. Recent research and development in 6G Networks and beyond has support for integration of MANET to the Mobile communication infrastructure to cater services to many potential future-proof applications like Smart Vehicular Networks using Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANET) for drone networks and military Ad-hoc networks. MANET being an Ad-hoc and infrastructure-less network poses major deployment challenge in resource allocation and management to facilitate strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for future Internet of Things (IoT) based Next-generation Cyber Physical System (NG-CPS). Most of MANETs use Contention-based Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) random Access Media Access Control (MAC) and a generic TCP/IP stack implementation. It is a daunting task to have deterministic model of network parameters for specific QoS requirements of IoT applications hence a soft-computing approach would be most viable solution considering network parameters across all five layers of TCP/IP stack that is a Cross-Layer design approach to improve QoS. In this paper, we have proposed a Fuzzy Logic system based Cross-Layer (FLS-CL) design for MANET to improve Network QoS parameters like Throughput, Packet Delivery ration (PDR) and End-to-End (E2E) delay. The proposed system has been implemented using Fuzzy Logic based parameters modeling using MATLAB and the Network simulation study using QualNet® simulator. The results are promising with average 27.64 % improvement in PDR and 76.04 % less E2E delay for connection-less UDP-based CBR applications and 3.28 % improvement in PDR and 58.81 % less E2E delay for connection-oriented TCP-based FTP applications. The QoS improvements are achieved with proposed FLS-CL as compared to state-of-the-art IEEE 802.11 based MANET without any FLS cross-layer optimization.

Quality of Service in Mobile Adhoc Networks with Non-Saturation Conditions

Numerous research has been conducted in order to investigate the performance of IEEE 802.11LEACH for a single-cell Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) under saturation conditions. Saturation conditions are those in which it is anticipated that the queues of nodes will never be empty. To put it another way, there is always a packet waiting to be sent out from each and every node in the network. The term infinite load refers to the condition of saturation, which is a situation that may be regarded as having an endless load. Even though conducting an analysis under saturated conditions may provide some insight into how well the network operates in a high-pressure setting, this strategy does not appear to be practical because there is a possibility that the network will not always be at capacity. Even though conducting such an analysis under saturation circumstances may provide some insight into how well the network operates in a high-pressure setting, it is still not practical. When using CQSR, the source is aware of the correlation that exists between the many different paths that go to the destination. When it comes to the provision of quality service in an ad hoc network, having several pathways among a specific cause and an endpoint may be of assistance in the following scenarios. Having multiple pathways between a source and a destination may also be of assistance when it comes to the provision of quality service. It is feasible that a single channel will not be able to deliver adequate resources to meet the desired quality of service if the resources of mobile nodes are limited. This scenario might occur if mobile nodes are subject to resource limitations. The requirements of the application in terms of the quality of service might, however, be satisfied by the resources located along any one of the many possible paths that could exist between the specified pair of nodes. It seems likely that this will turn out to be the situation. The task force may be dispersed over a number of different routes if there are adequate resources available along each route. To put it another way, data packets are sent along each path that satisfies the criteria for acceptable quality-of-service levels. If you use many routes instead of just one, you may be able to obtain a throughput that is far higher than you would with a single route. In the previous proposed work, we did an analysis of IEEE 802.11 LEACH for an ad hoc network under saturation conditions. Saturation circumstances refer to scenarios in which it is believed that the queues of nodes are never empty. On the other hand, it is likely that the nodes that make up an ad hoc network will not always be totally filled.

Improving VoIP Transmission for IEEE 802.11n 5GHz MANET

In catastrophic scenarios, rescue teams need to communicate with each other without any fixed infrastructure while moving, such as search and rescue, firefighter, police, and tactical networks i.e. MANET. In these scenarios Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) can supports immediately Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service to be used, with fast deployment, low cost, and flexibility during movement. Recently the new mobile devices support the new frequency of IEEE 802.11n 5GHz that gives better performance requirements to MANET, with enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) and bandwidth (B.W). This paper will calculate and improve VoIP service in MANET that operates under IEEE 802.11n 5GHz frequency, with comparing two main routing protocols AODV and OLSR, and analyzing some QoS requirement such as end-to-end delay, throughput, and retransmission attempts using Network Simulator (NS2).

Evaluation of Multicast and Unicast Routing Protocols Performance for Group Communication with QoS Constraints in 802.11 Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), portable devices like smartphones, or laptop PC can join together to make provisional networks without any infrastructure The objective of multicast or unicast protocols is to ensure an efficient route formation and flow control mechanism which is a very challenging issue for many group computing services in MANETs. MANETs can support several real-time applications like emergency rescue, and disaster relief operations which require minimum Quality of Service (QoS) to handle high traffic. Providing QoS for multimedia and group-oriented computing in MANETs becomes a real challenge due to the wireless medium and the mobility of operating nodes. Therefore, an investigation of routing protocols for one-to-many or many-to-many computing is important that supports acceptable QoS in MANETs. Numerous QoS metrics have been considered for the assessment like packet delivery ratio, latency, packet loss rate, control overhead, and throughput. By considering different network topologies and scenarios with different performance parameters, the primary goal of this study is to explore the challenges and factors for QoS services in MANET’s multicast communication. The outcomes of investigation can be used to design the future MANET protocol for multimedia applications. The performance results indicate that the increasing number of sending/receiving nodes may increase the overhead or latency of the network but capable of providing higher network throughput, carried out in NS-2. The results also indicate although MANETs can induce errors and packets are lost as part of the normal operating context, multicast AODV practice superior to the unicast protocol to various QoS in a wide range of scenarios with less overhead.

Quality of Services in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

QoS (Quality of Service) can be characterized as the capacity of the organization to offer various types of assistance to different sorts of organization traffic. It implies that the objective of QoS(Quality of Service) is to accomplish a more deterministic organization conduct so information conveyed by the organization can be better conveyed and the assets can be better used. A versatile specially appointed organization (MANET) comprises of portable hubs imparting over remote channels. Steering in MANETs is extremely testing because of the arbitrary portability of hubs and instability of remote channels. Hence the vast majority of the current directing calculations put forth simply the best attempt to discover courses for correspondence yet don't give any presentation ensure. Due to the broad utilization of MANETs continuously applications, it gets appropriate to give deterministic organization conduct. Nature of Service (QoS(Quality of service)) expects to shape the organization conduct and give execution ensures.

Enhancing the storage of mobile nodes through ad hoc storage as a service in MANETs

SummaryThe data generation rate has grown explosively with the widespread use of mobile devices in several critical domains, including health care, education, and disaster recovery. This rapid increase in data volume is hindered by data storage restrictions on mobile devices. State‐of‐the‐art mobile computing platforms such as mobile cloud computing work towards providing indefinite storage space and augment mobile data storage by utilizing infinite cloud storage resources. Time Machine, iCloud, Dropbox, and other cloud‐oriented services facilitate the offloading of content. These services require uninterrupted internet connectivity. Low connectivity may induce system failure. Furthermore, network connectivity cannot always be ensured in rural areas and natural disaster–prone areas. In such cases, it would be more efficient for the originator to store a backup of the data in nearby mobile devices. Hence, users look for a storage/backup system in the vicinity. In this paper, we propose an efficient technique to obtain a temporary storage/backup service in areas with low network connectivity by using an ad hoc storage‐as‐a‐service method for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), with the help of nodes that provide temporary storage services to clients. Two types of nodes, namely, storage service providers (SSPs) and storage service requesters (SSRs), form the core of the proposed system. A set of SSRs accesses temporary storage from SSPs. Mobile clients can obtain a reliable storage service from this system. We use simulated experimental modules to analyze our model. We can also use this approach in a network‐disconnected area to demonstrate the practicality of providing a temporary storage service.

Priority Value based Discriminate Routing to Improve Quality of Service in Mobile ADHOC Network

Priority Value based Discriminate Routing to Improve Quality of Service in Mobile ADHOC Network

QoS Enabled Improved Location Aided Routing (QEILA)

Background: Transmission of heavy and real-time data over wireless links with Quality of Service in Mobile ad-hoc network is a very challenging task. Bandwidth and battery backup parameters are checks for Quality of Service. To provide the Quality of Service in mobile ad-hoc network, the aliveness of a transmitting node has a great concern. Location-aided routing methods for mobile ad-hoc network have gained popularity because of network’s energy saving. Location-aided routing keeps a minimal number of participating nodes for path construction between source and destination, but they did not consider the health of participating nodes that constitute a path. Objective: The objective of this work is harness the location aided routing and builds a protocol which provides Quality of Service in terms of required battery life and available bandwidth. Method: In this work, various patented and non-patented location-based routing and Quality of Service methods for wireless network have been reviewed. The improved location aided routing protocol has been utilized and equipped with Quality of Service check while selecting the next forwarding node for path construction. A novel path preservation procedure is proposed which repair the broken link locally by utilizing candidate next node table. Results: The simulation reveals that the proposed protocol constructs a reliable path consist of trustworthy nodes in terms of battery life and available bandwidth. Conclusion: Proposed work can be utilized for transmitting heavy data traffic in Mobile Ad-hoc network with Quality of Service in real time situation.

A Hybrid Algorithm for Improving the Quality of Service in MANET

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) exhibits a dynamic topology with flexible infrastructure. The MANET nodes may serve as both host and router functionalities. The routing feature of the MANET is a stand-alone multi-hop mobile network that can be utilized in many real-time applications. Therefore, identifying paths that ensure high Quality of Service (QoS), such as their topology and applications is a vital issue in MANET. A QoS-aware protocol in MANETs aims to find more efficient paths between the source and destination nodes of the network and, hence, the requirements of the QoS. This paper proposes a different hybrid algorithm that combines Cellular Automata (CA) with the African Buffalo Optimization (ABO), CAABO, to improve the QoS of MANETs. The CAABO optimizes the path selection in the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. The test results show that with the aid of the CAABO, the AODV manifests energy and delay-aware routing protocol.

Improving Quality of Service in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) Using Adaptive Broadcast Scheduling Algorithm with Dynamic Source Routing Protocol

Improving Quality of Service in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) Using Adaptive Broadcast Scheduling Algorithm with Dynamic Source Routing Protocol

A Key Exchange Approach for Proficient and Secure Routing in Mobile Adhoc Networks

<p>Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are collection of wireless mobile devices with restricted broadcast range and resources. Communication is achieved by relaying data along appropriate routes that are dynamically discovered and maintained through collaboration between the nodes. Discovery of such routes is a major task, both from efficiency and security point of view. This paper presents a proficient and secure routing, based on asymmetric authentication using key exchange approach (KEA). The proposed mechanism ensures secure routing and quality of service in MANETs and minimizes the network overhead. The KEA mechanism can be effectively used to develop a new routing protocol for Mobile Adhoc Networks which will provide maximum security against all kinds of attacks. In this paper, KEA is compared with other secure routing protocols like EEACK, AODV, and ARIADANE, to evaluate the efficiency of KEA in Ad Hoc Networks. The empirical results shows that there is an increase of 20% packet delivery ratio and a reduction of 10% routing overhead.</p>

An Innovative Node Encounter Rate Metric for Source Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Objective: The primary motive of this research is to improve the quality of service in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks by reducing the packet loss and average delay in the network. Methods: In this manuscript, an innovative metric called Node Encounter Rate (NER) is introduced based on the concept of nodes encountered during network operation. Findings: Network simulation results show that the dynamic estimation of the metric improves throughput by 47%, by this means reducing the loss and delay by 53% and 52% respectively. As per the comparison results, the proposed approach works better compared to the existing schemes also providing increased quality of service. The control packets are reduced because of routing through stable paths. In addition, the packets are forwarded over the paths that avoid high mobility scenarios. Novelty: The simulation outcome reveals that the Node Encounter Rate (NER) has high quality of service compared to the existing scheme under mobile scenarios.

Mobility prediction in mobile ad hoc networks using neural learning machines

Recent advances in wireless and mobile computing have paved the way for an unprecedented demand growth for mobile services and applications. These services and applications communicate and exchange information using wireless local area networks (WLANs) and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). However, new design challenges emerge due to the error-proneness, self-organization and mobility nature of these networks. This paper proposes a neural learning-based solution to the problems associated with the mobility of MANET nodes where future changes in the network topology are efficiently predicted. Using synthetic and real-world mobility traces, the proposed predictor does not only outperform existing mobility prediction algorithms but achieves accuracy scores higher by an order of magnitude. The attained accuracy enables the proposed mobility predictor to improve the overall quality of service in MANETs.

A Review on the Recent Quality-of-services (QoS) Issues in MANET

The purpose of this paper is to carry out study on delay minimization techniques of data transmission, which is a major Quality-of-service (QoS) parameter in Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). Various algorithms that are given in the study of previous investigators have been considered and analyzed and a tabulated summary work has been carried out. Related works shows the various previous works done on QoS service parameter delay. On various conclusions, this paper focuses on end-to-end delay and its effective factors so that an efficient data transmission is achieved. General Terms Quality of services in MANET

Predict Link Failure in AODV Protocol to provide Quality of Service in MANET

Quality of Service (QoS) in Ad hoc networks (MANETs) and more precisely in routing is the subject of several studies with the aim of providing better solutions for new applications requiring high throughput and very low delay. The objective of this work is to enhance the AODV (Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector) routing strategy in maintenance phase, to improve QoS. It aims to add a mechanism able to predict link failure in use based on signal strength which is able to determine if the quality of link will be improved (i.e. stable) or more bad (i.e. probability of failure) in order to allow us not only to make the link management more robust but to anticipate on link breaking and improve QoS. When signal quality is declining due to neighbor node remoteness, a discovery of a part of road rescue with two hops will be established and it will be used when disconnection happens. Simulations under Network Simulator (Ns2) were conducted to measure traffic control, packets delivery and lost ratio in original protocol and modified version which are presented in this paper. Index Terms—Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET), AODV protocol, QoS, routing, signal strength, stable connection, Network Simulator NS2.

A node management scheme for stable P2P service in mobile ad-hoc networks

In a mobile ad-hoc network, multiple number of nodes can communicate with one another without the need for an infrastructure network. It is used in many different types of places, including military zones and disaster or hazardous areas. In a mobile ad-hoc network, each node acts both as a main agent of communication and a relay. Furthermore, each gives a weakness to the network or is subjected to vulnerabilities from malicious attacks due to their distinctive qualities, namely mobility and limited power. Accordingly, in order for stable P2P service, it is important to maintain the reliability and connectivity of the network at a high level. With existing schemes, it has often been the case that when defective nodes or malicious nodes are detected, it also causes damage to normal nodes. In scheme suggested in this paper, those nodes that have temporary defects but otherwise normal and can recovered are kept in the network but those that are defective or malicious are eliminated from the network, using trust values. The simulation was carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. As a result, the message transmission rate even if the impact of a malicious node than the conventional method was demonstrated increased keeping the stable network topology.

Neighbor Position Verification with Improved Quality of Service in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

A MANET is an autonomous collection of mobile nodes that communicate all the other nodes within their radio ranges. Where the nodes that are not in the direct communication range use intermediate node to communicate with each other. In MANET each mobile node has mobility and move according to the specified locations in the network. Therefore the verification of node locations is an important issue in mobile adhoc networks, and it becomes particularly challenging in the presence of adversaries aiming at harming the system. In this research work proposed a protocol called Neighbor position verification (NPV), in order to verify the position of its communication neighbors and detect the adversaries in the mobile adhoc network, This protocol is used to exchanges the messages and verifies the position of communicating nodes in the network. The first scheme is deals with the identification of nodes with which a communication link can be established or that are within a given distance. This distance calculation is based on message exchange between the verifier and its communicated neighbors. After the distances are calculated verifier verifies the position of communicating nodes in networks by following three tests that to be done, they are: 1) Direct symmetry test 2) Cross symmetry test 3) The Multilateration Test. This protocol is implemented over the MANET network and simulated using Network Simulator (NS2). This research work carry out QOS based forwarding node selection scheme to reduce the delay and achieve the high throughput. Performance of the proposed system evaluated based on the parameters such as delay and throughput.

Performance Analysis of Table Driven and Event Driven Protocols for Voice and Video Services in MANET

This research paper encompasses the performance analysis of table driven and event driven routing protocols by using voice and video traffic in mobile Adhoc network (MANET). Particularly, OLSR (table driven) and DSR (Event driven) protocol are considered. The nodes of MANET establish the connections with each other energetically and can move freely in any direction. In mobile Adhoc network, environment event driven and table driven protocols have significant subject matter of study. There is a mobility issue which matters the service performance due to breakage and renewal of links of mobile nodes. Protocols performance has significance on overall performance of MANET. The aim of this study is to present the performance analysis of selected routing protocols by varying the node densities and WLAN physical characteristics. The voice and video traffic applications are configured discretely by using OLSR and DSR in scenarios. Moreover, for the performance observation the parameters are jitter, traffic received, traffic sent, end-to-end delay, traffic load, and throughput. The simulations have been carried out through OPNET 14.5 modeller tool and results has been analysed.