Services In America Research Articles

Jane Addams: debunking the American hyper-individualistic histories and enlarging her collectivistic sensibilities (And a case study of how leisure textbooks can be encapsulated within national ideologies)

ABSTRACT Jane Addams was one of the most important pioneers to help develop leisure services in America. Many American leisure textbooks hyper-individualize Jane Addams actions at Hull-House and make it seem that she was individually supervising the massive Hull-House complex and hundreds of programmes. The purpose of this manuscript is to debunk the hyper-individualistic histories of Jane Addams cloaked in the ideology of American individualism, written by American leisure studies authors, and outline Jane Addams collectivistic sensibilities and underscore the many residents and volunteers who helped establish Hull-House. To readers outside of the United States, this paper also serves as an example of how leisure textbooks can be encapsulated within national ideologies, which are often invisible to readers. As such, this manuscript will underscore Hull-House as being a collectivistic gestalt of kindred spirits who partnered with Jane Addams to make Hull-House a success. The last section of this manuscript will highlight the “galaxy of stars” who helped Hull-House flourish (Stebner, 1997), such as Louise de Koven Bowen Julia Lathrop, Helen Culver, Mary Rozet Smith and Neva Boyd.

Metaphysical Diversity in Mental Health Discourse: The Key to Scientific Progress in the Helping Professions

Mental health problems represent a significant and growing challenge across the globe. Although progress has been made developing effective therapeutic interventions, this paper argues that a lack of metaphysical diversity hinders scientific advancement in this crucial area. Using the United States as an example, demographic data is reported illustrating the under-representation of theists in psychology and social work, the two largest providers of mental health services in America. Drawing from McIntosh’s theory of privilege, it is posited that secular perspectives enjoy an advantaged status in mental health discourse, a status that is reinforced by the dissemination of secular narratives in culture-shaping forums. To illustrate how limited diversity impacts service provision, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is used as a case example. While the secular values embedded in CBT suggest it is often a good fit with secular clients, these same values may limit its validity with committed theists, such as Muslims. The paper concludes by suggesting that increased metaphysical diversity will help advance scientific knowledge by fostering the creation of research agendas that reflect the values of the diverse demographic groups mental health professionals are called to serve.

Philadelphia, Gruzino, Orenburg: on the Issue of Periodization of the Journal Activity of P. Svinyin

The system of principles and techniques of publicistic creativity of P.P. Svinin was influenced by his life events. While still in the diplomatic service in America and Europe (1806–1814), he understood the prospects of the mission of a mediator in intercultural dialogue between them and Russia, and launched a career of cultural and educational journalist. Upon his to Russia he actively participated in intercultural dialogue between Russia and the West. Later Svinin engaged in equally productive but more originally found intracultural dialogue — between Russia and the Russian reader. Regions, events, people of Russia filled the pages of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski for a whole decade. Repeated attempts to find, according to local traditions an influential patron for himself and the magazine failed, and Svinin turned to the support and protection of the "collective patron", perceiving it as a part the national-sovereign consciousness of the government supervised layers of society. P. Svinin chose the techniques so precisely that the genre, themes and style of Otechestvennye zapiski between 1820 and 1830 remained intact. The travel essay, the travelogue, developed to perfection was widely used to increase magazine’ popularity. Although vivid but inaccurate details used into the text as a result of an error or deliberate deception of the reader did a disservice to the magazine. The research focuses primarily on three of his essays, characteristic of three periods of Svin-in's journalism: Observations of a Russian in America (1812) — a foreign period, A Trip to Gruzino (1818) — a search for a genre niche in Russian journalism and "Painting of Orenburg and its environs" (op. 1828) — a period of maturity. An analysis of their style revealed the essential unity of Svinin's journalistic style in all three periods.

The North Star initiatives

A National Imperative: Joining Forces to Strengthen Human Services in America identify five “North Star” initiatives designed to put human services community‐based organizations on the path toward financial stability while improving population health and well‐being, increasing economic productivity and lowering social costs over time. They are.

Disasters Through the Lens of Disparities: Elevate Community Resilience as an Essential Public Health Service.

An editorial is presented which addresses the author's views about health disparities in relation to natural disasters and public health services in America, and it mentions several other articles which appear in the same issue of the journal and deal with topics such as the vulnerability of communities to disasters such as Hurricanes Katrina, Irma, and Harvey in the U.S. and Puerto Rico. Self-preparedness, community resilience, and disaster management are assessed.

La fallida Operación Airedale. La OSS y el Servicio Vasco de Información contra la Alemania nazi / The Faulty Airedale Operation. The OSS and the Basque Intelligence Servive against the Nazi Germany

During World War II it took place an effective collaboration between the Basque institutions and the American agencies, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Army and the Coordinator of Inter American Affairs (CIAA). Throughout these years, the rulers of the Basque politics felt that the United States was an appealing partner in order to recover democracy over the Basque territory with their great involvement in World War II. In this article it is analyzed the Airedale Operation, one of the missions concerning the Basque Intelligence Service in America and its contacts with the FBI, the OSS and the American Army, and the collaboration projects with some of these agencies in France. In fact, in this study it is examined one of the missions in which took place the OSS and the Basque Intelligence Service to wipe out the last bastions of the Nazi Army at the end of World War II.

Teen Tested: The State of YA Services in America's Public Libraries

Teen Tested: The State of YA Services in America's Public Libraries

Public Library Services for Veterans: Selected Brief Case Studies

ABSTRACTPublic libraries across the country design and deliver programs for military veterans and their families, often collaborating with other organizations and agencies. The examples were assembled from both general and specialized interviews with librarians, and literature and Internet searches, with summaries of programs assembled and written by multiple researchers. The specific limitations on the listing in this article are clearly outlined in the first section. Overall, however, the article provides a good introductory overview of what’s going on in veteran’s programs and services in America’s public libraries in over seventy libraries in forty states. We hope this list of what public libraries have organized or are doing will supply other public librarians with ideas on how to provide new services or enhance their existing ones.

God and Uncle Sam: religion and America's armed forces in World War II

America's armed forces played a critical part in the defeat of Hitler's Germany and made by far the biggest contribution to the Allied defeat of Japan. In the US, military veterans of World War II are widely revered as the foremost representatives of 'the greatest generation', a generation that vanquished fascism in Europe and the Far East, faced down the threat of communism during the Cold War, and achieved unprecedented levels of prosperity and social mobility in their own society. Elsewhere, America's service men and women are often remembered more ambivalently for their material abundance, their hedonism, and even their rapacity. God and Uncle Sam shows that both perspectives are problematic: America's armed forces were the products of one of the most diverse and dynamic religious cultures in the western world and were the largest ever to be raised by a professedly religious society. Despite constitutional constraints, a pre-war 'religious depression', and the myriad pitfalls of war, religion played a crucial role in helping more than sixteen million uniformed Americans through the ordeal of World War II, a fact that had profound and far-reaching implications for the religious development of post-war America. This timely and authoritative book draws on meticulous research in US archives and is informed by contemporary films, photographs, posters, and sound recordings. MICHAEL SNAPE is Michael Ramsey Professor of Anglican Studies at Durham University.

Pain Management Programmes for Non-English-Speaking Black and Minority Ethnic Groups With Long-Term or Chronic Pain.

Increasing ethnic diversity in the UK means that there is a growing need for National Health Service care to be delivered to non-English-speaking patients. The aims of the present systematic review were to: (1) better understand the outcomes of chronic pain management programmes (PMPs) for ethnic minority and non-English-speaking patients and (2) explore the perspectives on and experiences of chronic pain for these groups. A systematic review identified 26 papers meeting the inclusion criteria; no papers reported on the outcomes of PMPs delivered in the UK. Of the papers obtained, four reported on PMPs conducted outside the UK; eight reported on ethnic differences in patients seeking support from pain management services in America; and the remaining papers included literature reviews, an experimental pain study, a collaborative enquiry, and a survey of patient and clinician ratings of pain. The findings indicate a lack of research into UK-based pain management for ethnic minorities and non-English-speaking patients. The literature suggests that effective PMPs must be tailored to meet cultural experiences of pain and beliefs about pain management. There is a need for further research to explore these cultural beliefs in non-English-speaking groups in the UK. Culturally sensitive evaluations of interpreted PMPs with long-term follow-up are needed to assess the effectiveness of current provision. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Decision to Hire German Troops in the War of American Independence: Reactions in Britain and North America, 1774–1776

In the 1770s and 1780s as many as 40,000 German soldiers were hired to defend British imperial interests on four continents. The vast majority—at least 30,000—saw service in America. This article focuses on British and American public reactions to the plan in the period between 1774, when rumors about the intended use of foreign troops first emerged, and the summer of 1776, after the first contingents of German troops had arrived in North America but before military encounters with the colonists had taken place. In Britain, the reliance on forces from outside the empire in a conflict believed to be about British liberties provoked strong opposition. Critics used the hire of “barbarians” as evidence of a sinister plot to deprive Englishmen of their liberties. In America, news of the plan to hire Germans gave radicals an effective tool in their efforts to unite the colonists against the British. An analysis of these public debates sheds light on conflicting perceptions of Britishness and “foreignness” during the Revolutionary period.

The Jury and Constitutional Identity

This article seeks to reframe how citizens see jury service in America. Juries once existed at the core of American constitutional identity. At the founding of the country, jury service and voting were twin political rights, equal in stature and importance. Some founders even considered the jury more important than the right to vote as a means to ensure a robust democratic system. During the battles for racial equality (before and after the Reconstruction Amendments) and gender equality (before and after the Nineteenth Amendment), advocates explicitly linked demands for voting and jury service as symbols of political equality. Americans fought, protested, and won the right to serve as jurors because it symbolized a constitutional status. The jury became a democratic, participatory symbol in our constitutional system, and the juror became a constitutional actor with constitutional responsibilities. This identity has been lost for many modern jurors who have become disconnected from their constitutional status. Today, from summons to verdict, modern jurors are unaware of this constitutional connection. Worse, the combination of well-meaning jury streamlining programs (“one-day one-trial” systems), limiting jury instructions, and a historic shift in the role of juries has created essentially a “task-oriented” juror. Jurors show up, “find the facts,” and then go home to their normal lives. Jurors do not prepare for it. Jurors do not consider the role or identity outside of the task presented at that particular time and place. This article examines how we ended up inverting the role of the jury in society. Particularly, it addresses the loss of constitutional identity and how jurors no longer view themselves as constitutional actors. It argues that this loss of constitutional identity has come at a cost to the jury’s reputation, its power in the constitutional structure, its efficiency in processing cases, and its role as an educative institution. This loss has contributed to a growing apathy to jury service, in particular, and the jury, in general. It then looks to reclaim the civic and constitutional identity valued by the Framers and those who fought for political equality during other constitutional moments in history. It seeks to broadly reframe the debate to rebuild the image of the juror in America. To fulfill this project of juror renewal, this article proposes a new way of viewing jury service – not simply as a task to be completed, but as an ongoing constitutional identity – a status – like being a voter or elected official. It suggests embracing the “potentiality of jury service” – a shift in perception that focuses on the juror beyond just the moments in the courthouse. The potentiality of jury service confronts this limited conception of being a juror. It broadens the focus along a continuum of civic life. It also recognizes that this potential status requires some action on our part – primarily education and reflection – to prepare for this constitutional responsibility. In developing this constitutional awareness about the jury, citizens will be able to reclaim a sense of constitutional identity that will strengthen the reputation, efficiency, and institution of the jury.

The Irish Bridget: Irish Immigrant Women in Domestic Service in America, 1840–1930

Book Review| July 01 2012 The Irish Bridget: Irish Immigrant Women in Domestic Service in America, 1840–1930 The Irish Bridget: Irish Immigrant Women in Domestic Service in America, 1840–1930. By Margaret Lynch-Brennan. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2009. xxii + 232 pp. Illustrations, photos, notes, index, and bibliography. $39.95 (cloth). Michael F. Funchion Michael F. Funchion Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2012) 31 (4): 118–120. https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.31.4.0118 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Michael F. Funchion; The Irish Bridget: Irish Immigrant Women in Domestic Service in America, 1840–1930. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 January 2012; 31 (4): 118–120. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.31.4.0118 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2012 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2012 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Working at Home: Domestic Workers in the Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century United States

The history of domestic service in America in the 19th and 20th centuries provides a lens through which to study the history of race, class, and gender. Yet, scholars have struggled to reconcile the history of household workers with that of workers in more public places like factories and shops. Historians have debated whether domestic workers were capable of collective labor resistance and how the issue of race has shaped the experience of domestic workers. The question of whether and how much domestic work differs from other kinds of labor will remain at the center of scholarship on labor, women, and gender.

The Value of Otolaryngologists’ Services in America

To evaluate the perceived monetary value of physician services within the general population and to foster academic discussion about the finances of clinical practice in the setting of recent health care reform. STUDY DESIGN, SUBJECTS, AND METHODS: National survey of 409 members of the general population and review of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data. The perceived monetary values of office visits were comparable to the actual physician reimbursements. However, the average perceived value associated with surgical treatments was significantly higher than the true Medicare reimbursement amount. For example, survey participants said that a reasonable price for a doctor to be paid for performing a tonsillectomy is $955.58, whereas the national average Medicare reimbursement is $257.74. Furthermore, 59% of respondents also believe that insurers, Medicare, and Medicaid pay doctors more than the respondent's perceived value for each service. The current patterns of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reimbursement reveal a trend of declining payments for physician services. A survey of a sample of the general population indicated that most people believe that their doctors are paid far more than they actually are. It is important for otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons to understand and discuss the economic forces that continue to shape our practices, and it is vital that we all play an active role in the discussions surrounding the evolution of the American health care system.

America's service meltdown: restoring service excellence in the age of the customer

In this book, an entrepreneur and CEO of a major technology company shares original service concepts that will enable any company to keep customers coming back. * Includes case studies and vivid, firsthand experiences and anecdotes * Presents chapters modularly organized into subtopics for easy reading

The Monetary Value of Physician Services in America: A Survey of the General Population

The Monetary Value of Physician Services in America: A Survey of the General Population

The Irish Bridget: Irish immigrant women in domestic service in America, 1840-1930

'Bridget' was the Irish immigrant service girl who worked in American homes from the second half of the nineteenth century into the early years of the twentieth. She is widely known as a pop culture cliche: the young girl who wreaks havoc in middle-class American homes. Now, in the first book-length treatment of the topic, Margaret Lynch-Brennan tells the real story of such Irish domestic servants, often in their own words, providing a richly detailed portrait of their lives and experiences. Many of the socially marginalized Irish immigrant women of this era made their living in domestic service. In contrast to immigrant men, who might have lived in a community with their fellow Irish, these women lived and worked in close contact with American families. Lynch-Brennan reveals the essential role this unique relationship played in shaping the place of the Irish in America today. Such women were instrumental in making the Irish presence more acceptable to earlier established American groups. At the same time, it was through the experience of domestic service that many Irish were acculturated, as these women absorbed the middle-class values of their patrons and passed them on to their own children. Drawing on personal correspondence and other primary sources, Lynch-Brennan gives voice to these young Irish women and celebrates their untold contribution to the ethnic history of the United States. In addition, recognizing the interest of scholars in contemporary domestic services, she devotes one chapter to comparing 'Bridget's' experience to that of other ethnic women over time in domestic service in America.

College-Readiness: The Current State of Affairs

Imagine a nation in which every student, from Boston to Houston, from Cleveland to Miami, fromChicago’s South side to Compton, from a New Mexico Indian reservation to the AppalachianMountains, characteristically graduates from high school prepared for postsecondary training (i.e.,college, university, trade school, or workforce training). Further, imagine being able to say to everychild "you will be provided with a high school that will educate you, challenge you, care for you, supportyou, and graduate you ready to compete and succeed in this world" (Balfanz & Letgers, 2004, p. 2).The current realities of the proposed outcomes of Brown vs. the Board of Education and subsequenteducation legislation create a vastly different view of the educational panorama. Rather than thebeautiful landscape, the bleak picture is that many students in the U.S. do not graduate and of thosestudents who do graduate, most students are not prepared to participate fully in academic endeavors,the workforce, or civic life. According to Bourdieu and Passeron (1977), the primary avenue out oflasting poverty and dependence on social services in America is a quality high school educationfollowed by some form of postsecondary schooling or training.

Children's Oral Health: The Time for Change is Now

D uring my tenure as US Surgeon General, it was my privilege to work with leaders in the dental, public health, and research communities to generate Oral Health in America—A Report of the Surgeon General, which we published in 2000. We made several very strong recommendations in the report with the hope that they would stimulate action. Indeed, a Surgeon General’s worst nightmare is to produce a report that just sits on the shelf gathering dust. This special oral health issue of Academic Pediatrics is proof that that has not happened. Not only was there the very important follow-up workshop and conference, The Face of a Child in 2000, and the publication A National Call to Action to Promote Oral Health in 2003, but the intervening years have seen a growing movement to address the oral health needs of children. In particular, the American Academy of Pediatrics held a PEDS21 symposium, Oral Health in the 21st Century, where I spoke, followed by a national oral health summit in November 2008, where experts from leading medical, dental, and other organizations, family advocates, and federal agencies described progress in meeting the recommendations of the 2000 Surgeon General’s Report on oral health. Most importantly, the group discussed strategies to accelerate children’s access to oral health care services in America in light of epidemiologic evidence of increasing dental disease in some of our very youngest children. The papers in this issue summarize the strides that have been made since 2000 but also identify areas where we can—and must—redouble our efforts to assure progress. I commend the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Academic Pediatric Association, their collaborators in the public and private sectors, and the editors of Academic