Service Handoff Research Articles

Time-Constrained Service Handoff for Mobile Edge Computing in 5G

Many mobile device applications require low end-to-end latency to edge computing infrastructure when offloading their computation tasks in order to achieve real-time perception and cognition for users. User mobility brings significant challenges in providing low-latency offloading due to the limited coverage area of cloudlets. Virtual machine (VM)/container handoff is a promising solution to seamlessly transfer services from one cloudlet to another to maintain low latency as users move. However, an inefficient path planning for the handoff can result in system congestion and consequently poor quality of service (QoS). The situation can even worsen by selfish users who intentionally lie about their true parameters to achieve better service at the cost of degrading the whole system's performance. To fill this research gap, we propose an Online Service Handoff Mechanism (OSHM) to provide an efficient path dynamically for transferring VM/container from the current serving cloudlet to a nearby cloudlet at the destination of a mobile user. Our proposed path planning algorithm is based on a label correction methodology, leading to polynomial time complexity. OSHM is accompanied by our proposed payment determination function to discourage misreporting of unknown parameters. We discuss the theoretical properties of our proposed mechanism in implementing a system equilibrium and ensuring truthfulness. We also perform a comprehensive assessment through extensive experiments which show the efficiency of OSHM in terms of workload, handoff time, consumed energy, and other metrics compared to several benchmarks. Experimental results show that OSHM outperforms other algorithms, reducing at least 61% in average workload, 33% in average handoff time, and 29% in average energy consumption.

A Smart Network Resource Management System for High Mobility Edge Computing in 5G Internet of Vehicles

Smart Driving Vehicles (SDVs) are assisted by Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) to enhance the ability to deal with complex road conditions. Smart network composed of SDVs and MEC. The transmission of low delay is required in intelligent driving tasks. However, High Mobility Edge Computing Service Hand-Off (HMEC-HO) can cause retransmission delays and some security issues. To reduce delay in Smart network, a Hybrid Transmission and Reputation Management (HTRM) system is presented. Based on Fifth Generation Mobile Communications (5G) Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology, an efficient hybrid Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Scheduling (EH-V2VV2I) algorithm is designed, which uses relay vehicles to help initiating-vehicles for task transmission. To enhance the reliability of V2V connection, an algorithm of Relay Vehicle Selection and Reputation Management (RV-SRM) is proposed for predicting the link survival time, selecting highly reliable relay vehicles, and managing vehicle credibility simultaneously. The simulation results show that HTRM makes the throughput of the tasks of edge server to meet the requirements of vehicles. The experiments show that the delay of our method is reduced by 41% and the reliability of V2V connection is improved by 31% than the hard handover method.

Safe-Passé: Dynamic Handoff Scheme for Provisioning Safety-as-a-Service in 5G-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System

In this paper, we propose a service handoff scheme, termed as Safe-Passé, for provisioning Safety-as-a-Service (Safe-aaS) to the end-users in a 5G environment. A Safe-aaS architecture provides customized safety-related decisions to the end-users. Practically, the service region of a Safety Service Provider (SSP) is bounded. On the other hand, the distance for which the end-users request for services may cover the service region of multiple SSPs. As a result, the services provided to the end-users are interrupted due to switching from the service region of one SSP to another. However, none of the existing handoff schemes provide customized safety-related decisions to the end-users. Considering road transportation as the application scenario of Safe-aaS in a 5G-enabled Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) environment, we propose a service handoff scheme among the multiple service providers for provisioning safety-related decisions to the end-users. Based on the eminence and profit of a SSP to which the end-users have initially registered for services, we compute the profit of the nearest SSP, who agrees to provide services to that end-user. We map these interactions among the SSPs to a cooperative coalition game, where the SSPs act as players. Extensive simulation-based analysis demonstrates that the ratio of the end-users served to the total number of end-users is improved by 4.19% and 3.65% using Safe-Passé compared to the existing handoff schemes, UCH and VHO.

Efficient Live Migration of Edge Services Leveraging Container Layered Storage

Mobile users across edge networks require seamless migration of offloading services. Edge computing platforms must smoothly support these service transfers and keep pace with user movements around the network. However, live migration of offloading services in the wide area network poses significant service handoff challenges in the edge computing environment. In this paper, we propose an edge computing platform architecture which supports seamless migration of offloading services while also keeping the moving mobile user “in service” with its nearest edge server. We identify a critical problem in the state-of-the-art tool for Docker container migration. Based on our systematic study of the Docker container storage system, we propose to leverage the layered nature of the storage system to reduce file system synchronization overhead, without dependence on the distributed file system. In contrast to the state-of-the-art service handoff method in the edge environment, our system yields a 80 percent (56 percent) reduction in handoff time under 5 Mbps (20 Mbps) network bandwidth conditions.

Automatic detection technique for voice quality inter-disciplinary methodologies

This paper mainly studies process of dynamic routing in a multi-level perspective the mobile radio network based on the new generation of radio enhance the mobility a new and higher quality of service is required for different types of traffics,The Routing protocol in data networks will understand a formal set of rules and agreements on sharing network information between routers to determine the route of data transmission that satisfies a given quality of service requirements and provides a balanced load across the mobile radio network as a whole. including routing issues, devoted to the work of scientists, For modern computer networks of large dimension is typical multilevel routing in which in some way divided into a subnet routing domains, with at the most efficient protocol subnets group IGP, EGP group and protocols between networks. It is proposed to use a well-known proactive routing protocol OLSR multipoint handoff service packages as part of a hybrid protocol (HWMP). The description, the algorithm and the features of the implementation of the proactive protocol (OLSR). © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association

Assessing the implementation of a bedside service handoff on an academic hospitalist service

BackgroundInpatient service handoffs are a vulnerable transition during a patients’ hospitalization. We hypothesized that performing the service handoff at the patients’ bedside may be one mechanism to more efficiently transfer patient information between physicians, while further integrating the patient into their hospital care. MethodsWe performed a 6-month prospective study of performing a bedside handoff (BHO) at the service transition on a non-teaching hospitalist service. On a weekly basis, transitioning hospitalists co-rounded at patient's bedsides. Post-handoff surveys assessed for completeness of handoff, communication, missed information, and adverse events. A control group who performed the handoff via email, phone or face-to-face was also surveyed. Chi-square and item-response theory (IRT) analysis assessed for differences between BHO and control groups. Narrative responses were elicited to qualitatively describe the BHO. ResultsIn total, 21/31 (67%) scheduled BHOs were performed. On average, 4 out of 6 eligible patients experienced a BHO, with a total of 90 patients experiencing a BHO. Of those asked to perform the BHO, 52% stated the service transition took 31–60 min compared to 24% in the control group. Controlling for the nesting of observations within physicians, IRT analysis found that BHO respondents had statistically significant greater odds of: reporting increased patient awareness of the service handoff, more certainty in the plan for each patient, less discovery of missed information, and less time needed to learn about the patient on the first day compared to control methods. Narrative responses described a more patient-centered handoff with improved communication that was time-consuming and often logistically difficult to implement. ConclusionsDespite its time-intensive nature, performing the service handoff at the patient's bedside may lead to a more complete and efficient service transition.

A Cognitive Channel Allocation Model in Cellular Network using Genetic Algorithm

In cellular network, channels are scarce radio resources. These resources are to be utilized judiciously. Though efforts have been made in the past for maximum channel utilization, studies show that effective channel utilization is often not done because of various constraints. The cognitive radio concept suggests that opportunistic channel utilization is possible if the mobile services are classified into two classes. The usage of the channels are based on the cognition that the radio derives. This work proposes a new model that applies a meta-heuristic Genetic Algorithm and the concept of cognitive radio for better channel utilization. The concept of single channel and multi-channel lending is also introduced towards this. Priority is given to the handoff services in comparison to the new services. The performance study, of the model, suggest the effective channel utilization in terms of blocked and dropped services.

Pre-scan based fast handoff scheme for enterprise IEEE 802.11 networks

In IEEE 802.11 networks, many access points (APs) are required to cover a large area due to the limited coverage range of APs, and frequent handoffs may occur while a station (STA) is moving in an area covered by several APs. However, traditional handoff mechanisms employed at STAs introduce a few hundred milliseconds delay, which is far longer than what can be tolerated by some multimedia streams such as voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), it is a challenging issue for supporting seamless handoff service in IEEE 802.11 networks. In this paper, we propose a pre-scan based fast handoff scheme within an IEEE 802.11 enterprise wireless local area network (EWLAN) environment. The proposed scheme can help STA obtain the best alternative AP in advance after the pre-scan process, and when the handoff is actually triggered, STA can perform the authentication and reassociation process toward the alternative AP directly. Furthermore, we adopt Kalman filter to minimize the fluctuation of received signal strength (RSS), thus reducing the unnecessary pre-scan process and handoffs. We performed simulations to evaluate performance, and the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the handoff delay.

Evaluating handoffs in the context of a communication framework

The implementation of mandated restrictions in resident duty hours has led to increased handoffs for patient care and thus more opportunities for errors during transitions of care. Much of the current handoff literature is empiric, with experts recommending the study of handoffs within an established framework. A prospective, single-institution study was conducted evaluating the process of handoffs for the care of surgical patients in the context of a published communication framework. Evaluation tools for the source, receiver, and observer were developed to identify factors impacting the handoff process, and inter-rater correlations were assessed. Data analysis was generated with Pearson/Spearman correlations and multivariate linear regressions. Rater consistency was assessed with intraclass correlations. A total of 126 handoffs were observed. Evaluations were completed by 1 observer (N=126), 2 observers (N=23), 2 receivers (N=39), 1 receiver (N=82), and 1 source (N=78). An average (±standard deviation) service handoff included 9.2 (±4.6) patients, lasted 9.1 (±5.4) minutes, and had 4.7 (±3.4) distractions recorded by the observer. The source and receiver(s) recognized distractions in >67% of handoffs, with the most common internal and external distractions being fatigue (60% of handoffs) and extraneous staff entering/exiting the room (31%), respectively. Teams with more patients spent less time per individual patient handoff (r=-0.298; P=.001). Statistically significant intraclass correlations (P≤.05) were moderate between observers (r≥0.4) but not receivers (r<0.4). Intraclass correlation values between different types of raters were inconsistent (P>.05). The quality of the handoff process was affected negatively by presence of active electronic devices (β=-0.565; P=.005), number of teaching discussions (β=-0.417; P=.048), and a sense of hierarchy between source and receiver (β=-0.309; P=.002). Studying the handoff process within an established framework highlights factors that impair communication. Internal and external distractions are common during handoffs and along with the working relationship between the source and receiver impact the quality of the handoff process. This information allows further study and targeted interventions of the handoff process to improve overall effectiveness and patient safety of the handoff.

User-oriented seamless service handoff in the ubiquitous computing environment

Purpose User-oriented seamless service handoff is prosperous in the ubiquitous computing environment. This paper aims to present an open architecture for the user-oriented seamless service handoff across heterogeneous platforms. The migration of service environment is the key to implement the user-oriented service handoff. A distributed service handoff scheme based on the binary sensor network and context-aware middleware has been proposed. Design/methodology/approach To validate this scheme, a test-bed has been constructed in the lab environment. Findings The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can reduce the service handoff delay compared to the centralized scheme. Originality/value The experimental results show that the scheme can reduce the delay of service handoff compared to the traditional centralized scheme.

A qualitative analysis of patients' experience with hospitalist service handovers.

Inpatient service handoffs occur when physicians who care for hospitalized patients end a period of clinical service and handover a panel of patients to an oncoming physician. Despite the large amount of research on handoffs, none has described the patient perspective when cared for by a hospitalist physician during a service handoff. To describe hospitalized patients' experiences regarding inpatient service changes, and develop a conceptual framework to inform future efforts to improve service-level handoffs. Interview-based qualitative analysis using in-depth, semistructured interviews of hospitalized patients on a nonteaching hospitalist service. Patients were interviewed between October 2014 and December 2014 at an academic medical center whose inpatient stay spanned a weekly service change. We utilized an inductive approach with no a priori hypotheses and used a constant comparative method to generate emerging themes to develop a conceptual model that captured the patient experience during the transition. Of patients who agreed to participate (40/43), most (85%) were unaware that a transition had occurred between their hospitalists. Six major themes emerged related to patients' experiences with hospitalist service handoffs: (1) importance of physician-patient communication, (2) desire for transparency in transitions, (3) an indifference toward transitions, (4) importance of hospitalist-specialist communication, (5) formation of new opportunities from a transition, and (6) effects of bedside manner. Hospitalized patients desire improved communication and a more formalized transition process between hospitalists during service handoffs. Hospitalists should recognize that this transition may represent an opportunity to improve the hospitalized patient's experience and satisfaction. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:675-681. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine.

Effect of resident handoffs on length of hospital and intensive care unit stay in a neurosurgical population: a cohort study.

OBJECT Handoffs and services changes are potentially modifiable sources of medical error and delays in transition of care. This cohort study assessed the relationship between resident service handoffs and length of stay for neurosurgical patients. METHODS All patients admitted to the University of Alabama at Birmingham neurosurgical service between July 1, 2012, and July 1, 2014, were retrospectively identified. A service handoff was defined as any point when a resident handed off coverage of a service for longer than 1 weekend. A conditional probability distribution was constructed to adjust length of stay for the increasing probability of a random handoff. The Student t-test and ANCOVA were used to assess relationships between resident service handoffs and length of hospital stay, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 3038 patients met eligibility criteria and were included in the statistical analyses. Adjusted length of hospital stay (5.32 vs 3.53 adjusted days) and length of ICU stay (4.38 vs 2.96 adjusted days) were both longer for patients who experienced a service handoff, with no difference in mortality. In the ANCOVA model, resident service handoff remained predictive of both length of hospital stay (p < 0.001) and length of ICU stay (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Occurrence of a resident service handoff is an independent predictor of length of hospital and ICU stay in neurosurgical patients. This finding is novel in the neurosurgical literature. Future research might identify mechanisms for improving continuity of care and mitigating the effect of resident handoffs on patient outcomes.

A Heuristic Channel Allocation Model Using Cognitive Radio

Channels are the scarce radio resources and are to be utilized judicially. Though efforts are being made for maximum utilization of the channels, studies indicate that still full channel utilization is often not done because of many constraints. The concept of cognitive radio suggests that opportunistic channel utilization is possible if the mobile services are classified into two classes. The usage of the channels are based on the cognition that the radio derives. This work proposes a new heuristic that makes better channel utilization using the concept of cognitive radio. Priority is given to the handoff services in comparison to the new call services. Simulation study, of the model, indicates the effective channel utilization in terms of blocked and dropped services.

Seamless Service Handoff Based on Delaunay Triangulation for Mobile Cloud Computing

Mobile cloud computing is a promising technique that shifts the data and computing service modules from individual devices to a cloud architecture. When the service is executed in the cloud clone, the data transfer between the mobile terminal (MT) and its clone requires low end-to-end communication delay. However, it is very difficult to predict the speed and direction of an MT in a timely fashion. Thus, the service handoff between different access points (APs) may cause long handoff delay. To address this issue, we propose a proactive service handoff mechanism using the Delaunay triangulation (called as DTSHM mechanism). The DTSHM constructs all the APs into a Delaunay triangulation topology. For an MT located in a Delaunay triangle, its next handoff procedure only happens between the three vertices (i.e. APs) of this triangle no matter how it moves. It is because the circumcircle of each Delaunay triangle does not contain any other APs in its interior. Thus, a Delaunay triangle is characterized as the master-standby service model which is composed of a master AP and two standby APs. In the DTSHM, The cloud clone in advance authenticates and buffers the required data packets of an MT in the standby APs. Thus, the clone can quickly handoff the cloud service from the source AP to the target AP when the handoff process is triggered. The simulation results and the performance analysis show that the DTSHM works very well.

Police on the front line of community geriatric health care: challenges and opportunities.

As the population ages, police increasingly serve as first responders to incidents involving older adults in which aging-related health plays a critical role. The goals of this study were to assess police officers' knowledge of aging-related health, to identify challenges police experience in their encounters with older adults, and to describe their recommendations for how to address those challenges. This was a mixed-methods study of 141 San Francisco police officers recruited from mandatory police trainings between 2011 and 2013. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze 141 self-administered questionnaires, and principles of grounded theory were used to analyze open-ended questionnaire responses and 11 additional qualitative interviews. Eighty-nine percent of officers reported interacting with older adults at least monthly. Although 84% of police reported prior training in working with older adults, only 32% rated themselves as knowledgeable about aging-related health. Participants described themselves as first responders to medical and social emergencies involving older adults and identified several challenges, including identifying and responding to aging-related conditions and ensuring appropriate medical and social service handoffs. To address these challenges, officers recommended developing trainings focused on recognizing and responding to aging-related conditions and improving police knowledge of community resources for older adults. They also called for enhanced communication and collaboration between police and clinicians. These findings suggest that, because they assume a front-line role in responding to older adults with complex medical and social needs, many police may benefit from additional knowledge about aging-related health and community resources. Collaboration between police and healthcare providers presents an important opportunity to develop geriatrics training and interprofessional systems of care to support police work with a rapidly aging population.

Fast Handoff Scheme for Cluster-Based Proxy Mobile IPv6 Protocol

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) was standardized to reduce the long handoff latency, packet loss and signaling overhead of MIPv6 protocol and to exempt the mobile node from any involvement in the handoff process. However, the basic PMIPv6 does not provide any buffering scheme for packets during MNs handoff. In addition, all the binding update messages are processed by a Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) which leads to increase the handoff latency. Previous works enhanced PMIPv6 performance by applying fast handoff mechanisms to reduce the packet loss during handoffs; however, the LMA is still involved during the location update operations. In this paper, we present a new fast handoff scheme based on a cluster-based architecture for the PMIPv6 named Fast handoff Clustered PMIPv6 (CFPMIPv6); it reduces both the handoff signaling and packet loss ratio. In the proposed scheme, the Mobility Access Gateways (MAGs) are grouped into clusters with a one distinguished Head MAG (HMAG) for each cluster. The main role of the HMAG is to carry out the intra-cluster handoff operations and provide fast and seamless handoff services. The proposed CFPMIPv6 is evaluated analytically and compared with the previous work including the basic PMIPv6, Fast PMIPv6 based on Multicast MAGs group (MFPMIPv6), and the Fast Handoff using Head MAG schemes (HFPMIPv6). The obtained numerical results show that the proposed CFPMIPv6 outperforms all the basic PMIPv6, MFPMIP6, and HFPMIPv6 schemes in terms of the handoff signaling cost.

Queueing analysis and channel assignment scheme for cellular radio system with GPRS services

In this investigation, we develop algorithm for cut-off priority for channel assignment in cellular radio network with buffering mechanism. The priority is given to GPRS handoff packets in comparison to new GPRS packets by reserving some channels for handoff services. Discouragement behaviours of the packets are also taken into account to deal with more realistic situations. The packets arrive in Poisson fashion whereas service time is exponentially distributed. Transient analysis based on matrix approach has been done to obtain the solution of the system of differential equations governing the traffic model. Various performance indices such as blocking probabilities of new packets, blocking probabilities of handoff packets and carried load, etc., are established in terms of transient probabilities. Furthermore, the analytical results are compared with adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach. The sensitivity analysis has been performed to visualise the effects of various system parameters on the performance indices.

2-Week vs. 4-Week Rotations for Inpatient Teaching Physicians: A Randomized Trial

For attending inpatient physicians who teach, working several consecutive weeks minimizes service handoffs and provides for more longitudinal

LTE 네트워크에서 비용효과적인 위치 및 서비스 관리 기법의 성능분석

In this paper, we propose a cost-effective location and service management scheme in LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks, which a per-user service proxy is created to serve as a gateway between the mobile user and all client-server applications engaged by the mobile user. The service proxy is always co-located with the mobile user`s location database such that whenever the MU`s location database moves during a location hand-off, a service hand-off also ensues to co-locate the service proxy with the location database. This allows the proxy to know the location of the mobile user all the time to reduce the network communication cost for service delivery. We analyze four integrated location and service management schemes. Our results show that the centralized scheme performs the best when the mobile user`s SMR (service to mobility ratio) is low and (session to mobility ratio) is high, while the fully distributed scheme performs the best when both SMR and are high. In all other conditions, the dynamic anchor scheme is the best except when the service context transfer cost is high under which the static anchor scheme performs the best. Through analytical results, we demonstrate that different users with vastly different mobility and service patterns should adopt different integrated location and service management methods to optimize system performance.

Intelligent Joint Admission Control for Next Generation Wireless Networks

The Heterogeneous Wireless Network (HWN) integrates different wireless networks into one common network. The integrated networks often overlap coverage in the same wireless service areas, leading to the availability of a great variety of innovative services based on user demands in a cost-efficient manner. Joint Admission Control (JAC) handles all new or handoff service requests in the HWN. It checks whether the incoming service request to the selected Radio Access Network (RAN) by the initial access network selection or the vertical handover module can be admitted and allocated the suitable resources. In this paper, a decision support system is developed to address the JAC problem in the modern HWN networks. This system combines fuzzy logic and the PROMETHEE II multiple criteria decision making system algorithm, to the problem of JAC. This combination decreases the influence of the dissimilar, imprecise, and contradictory measurements for the JAC criteria coming from different sources. A performance analysis is done and the results are compared with traditional algorithms for JAC. These results demonstrate a significant improvement with our developed algorithm.