Service Composition Architecture Research Articles

A novel multi-objective service composition architecture for blockchain-based cloud manufacturing

AbstractIn recent years, many core technologies of Industry 4.0 have advanced significantly, particularly the integration of big data technology and cloud manufacturing (CMfg). The decentralization and traceability features of blockchain technology (BCT) provide an effective solution to provide trusted resource service in CMfg. Service composition is a core issue of CMfg to increase the value of digital assets. However, existing research on service composition based on BCT suffers from both the blockchain proof-of-work (PoW) mechanism and the service composition problem need to consume large computational overheads, as well as the blockchain fork problem affecting the system’s reliability, which reduces the usefulness of these schemes. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective service composition architecture for blockchain-based CMfg (MOSC-BBCM). In MOSC-BBCM, first, a blockchain-chained storage structure is designed for the actual manufacturing cloud service constraint and scale dynamic changes, which can fully use the historical service information and accelerate the search for high-quality solutions. Second, to reduce the squandered computing resources in the PoW, a mining mechanism based on multi-objective service composition and optimal selection is proposed, where miners competitively solve a nondeterminate polynomial-hard problem to replace the mathematical puzzle. Finally, an incentive mechanism based on the environment selection method is proposed, which can avoid the fork problem while distributing on a labor basis. The effectiveness of the proposed MOSC-BBCM is verified in simulated numerical experiments of CMfg, which shows that the architecture provides a flexible and configurable scheme for blockchain-based CMfg with high availability.

Routing Protocol for MANET Based on QoS-Aware Service Composition with Dynamic Secured Broker Selection

MANET is a mobile ad hoc network with many mobile nodes communicating without a centralized module. Infrastructure-less networks make it desirable for many researchers to publish and bind multimedia services. Each node in this infrastructure-less network acts as self-organizing and re-configurable. It allows services to deploy and attain from another node over the ad hoc network. The service composition aims to provide a user’s requirement by combining different atomic services based on non-functional QoS parameters such as reliability, availability, scalability, etc. To provide service composition in MANET is challenging because of the node mobility, link failure, and topology changes, so a traditional protocol will be sufficient to obtain real-time services from mobile nodes. In this paper, the ad hoc on-demand distance vector protocol (AODV) is used and analyzed based on MANET’s QoS (Quality of Service) metrics. The QoS metrics for MANET depends on delay, bandwidth, memory capacity, network load, and packet drop. The requester node and provider node broker acts as a composer for this MANET network. The authors propose a QoS-based Dynamic Secured Broker Selection architecture (QoSDSBS) for service composition in MANET, which uses a dynamic broker and provides a secure path selection based on QoS metrics. The proposed algorithm is simulated using Network Simulator (NS2) with 53 intermediate nodes and 35 mobile nodes of area 1000 m × 1000 m. The comparative results show that the proposed architecture outperforms, with standards, the AODV protocol and affords higher scalability and a reduced network load.

A Finite-State-Machine model driven service composition architecture for internet of things rapid prototyping

Abstract The emerging field of Internet of Things (IoT) offers an unprecedented opportunity for a wide spectrum of applications. However, most applications have been integrating IoT devices through proprietary mechanisms and with closed technology stacks. The monolithic, mostly vendor-specific development architecture leads to soaring customization costs and limited component reusability. It impedes the full-fledged IoT applications in cross-organizational, general-purpose and rapid-changing scenarios. This research intends to provide a coherent architecture that enables interoperable, low-cost and user-customizable IoT rapid prototyping. Under this architecture, each IoT component, either a physical device or a control logic, is abstracted into an independent web service that described by a set of transferable states. By concatenating a valid chain of state transfers between web services, IoT components are further assembled into customizable applications. In this research, a Finite-State-Machine (FSM) model driven architecture is established and a typical implementation of the proposed architecture, i.e. the Hyper Sensor Markup Language (HSML) is provided. We also discuss two practical use cases and related evaluations.

A blockchain-based service composition architecture in cloud manufacturing

ABSTRACT Cloud manufacturing is a promising rising paradigm in which geographically distributed manufacturing resources are exposed as services in the cloud platform. The task of cloud manufacturing is to provide manufacturing resources as services to fulfil users’ demands. However, in existing cloud manufacturing architecture all the information is possessed by the platform operator, and the management of manufacturing services is highly centralised. It is firmly believed that decentralisation and elevating information transparency can help increase the operational performance. Blockchain is such a technology that distributes transactions information to a peer-to-peer network such that information is fully shared and unchangeable by partial peers. This paper proposes a blockchain-based cloud manufacturing architecture to enhance information transparency and decentralisation. The proposed platform is responsible for exposing manufacturing resources and wrapping them as services. Manufacturing services can be purchased by any user accessing to the platform. The blockchain is used to intermediate the service composition and record transaction results. Moreover, a quality of service (QoS) aware service composition model is proposed in the blockchain-based cloud manufacturing. A particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is proposed to solve the model. Finally, simulations are done to provide an application of the service composition in blockchain-based cloud manufacturing.

A Dynamic and Adaptable Service Composition Architecture in the Cloud Based on a Multi-Agent System

Nowadays, service composition is one of the major problems in the Cloud due to the exceptional growth in the number of services deployed by providers. Recently, atomic services have been found to be unable to deal with all client requirements. Traditional service composition gives the clients a composite service without non-functional parameters. To respond to both functional and non-functional parameters, we need a service composition. Since web services cannot communicate with each other or participate dynamically to handle changes service parameters in service composition, this issue has led us to use a dynamic entity represented by an agent based on dynamic architecture. This work proposes an agent-based architecture with a new cooperation protocol that can offer an automatic and adaptable service composition by providing a composite service with the maximum quality of service. The implementation of this model has been provided in order to evaluate the authors' system. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of their proposed system.

Unified authentication factors and fuzzy service access using interaction provenance

Authentication in service oriented computing is vulnerable to various security concerns. The core concept of authentication is dependent on credentials offered at the present moment without verifying how or when the credential was obtained by the subject. Secure authentication techniques with multi-factor and cross-platform technologies are adopted by service providers. Unfortunately, such systems require a complex integration procedure of the security frameworks. Moreover, the trend of rapid service development via service composition architectures are impeded due to the diverse models of authentication factors. Hence, the adoptability of newer authentication models are limited and constrained by the feature specifications of the external cross-platform and decentralized authentication and access control frameworks. In general, authentication models are generally based on binary successes and failures, regardless of the level of access required for a given request. The combined outcome of the above complexities results in rigid policies and complex management.Our work in this paper is characterized by notions of real-life social authentication based on the nature, quality, and length of previous encounters. We delineate the fundamental similarity of authentication factors using previous interactions. We introduce the concept of interaction provenance as a unified representation model for all existing authentication factors. We present a standardized representation model for secure interaction provenance based on the W3C Provenance Working Group (PROV) model. We illustrate the practical feasibility of creating interaction provenance graphs for various interactive events in service oriented computing. The paper also presents formal security propositions toward defining secure interaction provenance schemes. We demonstrate how interaction provenance can utilize the causal relationship of past events to leverage service composition, cross-platform integration, and timeline authentication. We posit that our generic interaction provenance model also allows easier adoption of newer authentication and access control schemes. Hence, we apply fuzzy control logic for interaction provenance records to create a novel authentication and threshold based access control model. The paper presents an interaction provenance recording and authentication protocol and a proof-of-concept implementation. We demonstrate the suitability of fuzzy rules to create innovative and flexible security frameworks using linguistic policies and visualization of contour maps. We also performed extensive experiments and comparative evaluation of various provenance preservation schemes to justify the applicability for different service models.

Load balancing, Cost and Response Time Minimization Issues in Agent Based Multi Cloud Service Composition

In multi cloud environments, we need to find services from multiple clouds, if a single cloud cannot give us all the required component services. In such a situation, however, it is challenging to find an appropriate composition sequence by taking into consideration load balancing between the different clouds and in the same time by minimising the composite service cost and response time. In this paper, an agent-based cloud service composition architecture is presented. It includes two main agents CSCA and CMA which use MCDA methods to support cloud services selection. These agents use load balancing mechanisms and the CNP in order to evolve and adapt cloud service composition. We have performed a comprehensive analytical and experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach. The experimental results, based on CloudSim simulator, show that the proposed architecture can effectively achieve good performance (load balancing), improve the response time and minimise cost.

QoS Broker based Architecture for Dynamic Web Service Discovery and Composition

With the widespread proliferation of web services, the demand on highly reliable and available services increases to satisfy business and personal needs. As the number of functionally similar web service increases on the Internet, Quality of Service (QoS) based web service selection and composition has gained much attention. However, the existing architectures for runtime service composition requires discovery of all functionally similar services, which consumes too much time. Instead, it can be possible to discover only those services which are highly reliable and thus included in composition. This issue can be solved by introducing a broker based architecture for automated dynamic web service discovery and composition in which the composition operation accepts as input a set optimized services along with their QoS specifications. The proposed architecture is able to reduce the composition time by performing optimized selection of services using Local Selection and Local Optimization (LSLO) approach during service composition. The architecture is fault tolerant and ensures improved reputation prediction accuracy of selected services using Mixed Opinion based Reputation Prediction (MORP) approach. In this paper, a comparative analysis is also performed on the basis of set of criterion to analyze the existing dynamic web service discovery and composition architectures for their strengths and weaknesses.

An Optimized Semantic Web Service Composition Method Based on Clustering and Ant Colony Algorithm

In today’s Web, Web Services (WSs) are created and updated on the fly Nowadays, for answering complex needs of users, the construction of new web services based on existing ones is required. It has received a great attention from different communities. This problem is known as web services composition. However, it is one of big challenge problems of recent years in a distributed and dynamic environment. Web services can be composed manually but it is a time consuming task. The automatic web service composition is one of the key features for future the semantic web. The various approaches in field of web service compositions proposed by the researchers. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for semantic web service composition using clustering and Ant colony algorithm.

An architecture for automatic service composition in MANET using a distributed service graph

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are wireless networks characterized by the dynamic nature of their members. The creation of these networks occurs in an unplanned manner and as a response to the distribution of services at each moment of its lifetime. The topology of a MANET can rapidly change and, therefore, these networks require mechanisms which allow participant devices to communicate with each other in spite of their mobility. A MANET can be applied in those situations where the deployment of a network without a fixed infrastructure is required. This research proposes a new protocol for the automatic composition of services in MANETs based on the construction and maintenance of a distributed service graph-DSG. This graph makes it possible to obtain the dependencies which exist among different services provided by the network devices, during a network’s lifetime, still responding to the changes which could arise. Later, this graph will be used during the composition process to reduce the time needed to locate valid solutions. Finally, the proposed architecture is fully implemented and evaluated using a network simulator, in order to gain knowledge about its advantages and limitations.

Trust‐oriented QoS‐aware composite service selection based on genetic algorithms

SUMMARYService selection in service‐oriented computing has emerged to be an increasingly important research area. From the client's point of view, in addition to the QoS of a service or a service composition, the trust level becomes an important part. As the complexity of invocation in service composition has been greatly increased, a comprehensive mechanism, which could evaluate both the subjective aspect as trust expression and the objective aspect as QoS, is needed. In this paper, we provide a formal service composition architecture for service selection. In addition, we propose a trust evaluation method for the service composition plan based on the subjective probability theory, based on them, our trust‐oriented genetic algorithm (TOGA) is proposed to find a near‐optimal service composition plan with QoS constraints. Experimental results have illustrated that our proposed approach can discover the near‐optimal solution efficiently. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Implementing an composition architecture for an online game software

This paper presents architecture for Web service composition, in which a plan of composition is constructed based on an agent planning, which can be executed in a concurrent way during its composition in order to estimate the following action to be executed instead of preparing a complete plan which frequently would be invalidated. This feature is invaluable when it comes to addressing problems in real time. Specifically we propose a test domain online games software, called ENVIRO.

A novel architecture for Web service composition

Web services enable application-to-application interactions over networks. They have functional, behavioral, non-functional, and semantic characteristics. Web service composition is the mechanism for combining and reusing existing Web services to create new Web services. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for Web service composition. The proposed architecture extends the standard Web services business model to explicitly support Web services composition. It also enables the description of Web services with all four of their characteristics (i.e. functional, behavioral, non-functional, and semantic characteristics). Furthermore, it uses formal methods (that take into account all of these characteristics) to enable the matching, selection, and assembling of the Web services that are needed in the composition process. The architecture is made up of three components: a business model, a composition framework, and a description framework. The business model introduces three new entities: a Web service composer, a Web service composition registry, and a third-party Web service provider. The Web service composer has the overall responsibility of the composition process and is realized by the composition framework. The composition framework uses matchmaking, categorization, and assembly techniques to carry out the actual composition, taking into account all of the characteristics. The description framework provides the languages required to describe the Web services in both the business model and the composition framework. It also integrates the languages in a common semantic domain of HOL (an expressive high-level logic). These languages are SAWSDL (a semantic and functional language), MSC (a formal behavioral language), and NFSL (an XML-based non-functional language). NFSL is a simple new language that we propose, while SAWSDL and MSC are existing languages.

On Web Service Composition with QoS Constraint

The software architecture based on web service has become the critical technique to construct system in the distributed environments. The web service composition is the most important method to find the correct service in the complicated application circumstance. The key question is to find service based on the QoS and how to guarantee the quality. This thesis focuses the web service composition in order to get dynamic business cooperation and integration. The key component of web service is discussed and the method of web service composition is analyzed including the formalization verification and service composition architecture and the QoS-aware composition methods. Aimed at the application of web service composition, a method based on approved genetic algorithm is put forward. The simple genetic algorithm based web service composition has many problems such as slow convergence rate and non-optimal service composition. In this paper a genetic algorithm based on niche is provided for the Qos-aware composition and it can get more accurate service composition result and can get the optimal path quickly especially in the large scale problems according to the experiment.

Dynamic Web Service Composition Based on Operation Flow Semantics

Dynamic Web service composition is a process of building a new value added service using available services to satisfy the requester’s complex functional need. In this paper we propose the broker based architecture for dynamic Web service composition. The broker plays a major role in effective discovery of Web services for the individual tasks of the complex need. The broker maintains flow knowledge for the composition, which stores the dependency among the Web service operations and their input, output parameters. For the given complex requirements, the broker first generates the abstract composition plan and discovers the possible candidate Web services to each task of the abstract composition plan. The abstract composition plan is further refined based on the Message Exchange Patterns (MEP), Input/Output parameters, QoS of the candidate Web services to produce refined composition plan involving Web service operations with execution flow. The refined composition plan is then transferred to generic service provider to generate executable composition plan based on the requester’s input or output requirements and preferences. The proposed effective Web service discovery and composition mechanism is defined based on the concept of functional semantics and flow semantics of Web service operations.

A SaaSI: an approved architecture for SaaS service composition

With the development of internet and web2.0 technology, Software as a Service (SaaS) has been accepted as the main way of software service delivery. However, the SaaS applications are isolated and cannot fulfill the rapidly change of business requirements. In this paper, an approach to integrate SaaS services is proposed using the integration architecture discussed, and several critical problems in the presentation, function and data layers are solved. So developers can easily combine the SaaS offerings to meet new business scenarios. We implemented the supporting platform and put it into real practice in a large-scale car manufacturing factory in China.

Flexible architecture-based approach for dynamic service composition

Volatile business requirements and heterogeneous resources require virtual enterprise applications more adaptable. To enhance the application adaptability, we proposed a flexible architecture-based application design approach. With dynamic service composition architectures, the proposed approach facilitates construction and adaptation of service-oriented applications. The case study indicated that the approach improved the adaptability of service-oriented virtual enterprise applications.

A distributed service composition method based on service association

In this paper, a Web service composition architecture based on structured P2P network is proposed. Semantics is used to achieve service accurately matching and user personality customization. Through Web service virtual mapping(WVM) association the fast computing of distributed service composition based on the service function is also implemented. The Web service composition architecture and distributed service composition algorithm proposed in this paper solve a series of existent problems in service discovery and composition in distributed environment, and provide a service composition result meeting user personality requirement. At the same time, they improve the efficiency of service composition calculation.

SEMANTICS-BASED DYNAMIC WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION

This paper presents a semantics-based dynamic service composition architecture that composes an application through combining distributed components based on the semantics of the components. This architecture consists of a component model called Component Service Model with Semantics (CoSMoS), a middleware called Component Runtime Environment (CoRE), and a service composition mechanism called Semantic Graph based Service Composition (SeGSeC). CoSMoS represents the semantics of components. CoRE provides interfaces to discover and access components modeled by CoSMoS. SeGSeC composes an application by discovering components through CoRE, and synthesizing a workflow of the application based on the semantics of the components modeled by CoSMoS. This paper describes the latest design of the semantics-based dynamic service composition architecture, and also illustrates the implementation of the architecture based on the Web Service standards, i.e. WSDL, RDF, SOAP, and UDDI. The Web Service based implementation of the architecture allows existing Web Services to migrate onto the architecture without reimplementation. It also simplifies the development and deployment of a new Web Service on the architecture by automatically generating the necessary description files (i.e. WSDL and RDF files) of the Web Service from its runtime binary (i.e. a Java class file).

Semantics-based dynamic service composition

Complex services may be dynamically composed through combining distributed components on demand (i.e., when requested by a user) in order to provide new services without preinstallation. Several systems have been proposed to dynamically compose services. However, they require users to request services in a manner that is not intuitive to the users. In order to allow a user to request a service in an intuitive form (e.g., using a natural language), this paper proposes a semantics-based service composition architecture. The proposed architecture obtains the semantics of the service requested in an intuitive form, and dynamically composes the requested service based on the semantics of the service. To compose a service based on its semantics, the proposed architecture supports semantic representation of components [through a component model named Component Service Model with Semantics (CoSMoS)], discovers components required to compose a service [through a middleware named Component Runtime Environment (CoRE)], and composes the requested service based on its semantics and the semantics of the discovered components [through a service composition mechanism named Semantic Graph-Based Service Composition (SeGSeC)]. This paper presents the design, implementation and empirical evaluation of the proposed architecture.