Server-side Technology Research Articles

Client-side and Server-side Tracking on Meta: Effectiveness and Accuracy

Growing concern over digital privacy has led to the widespread use of tracking restriction tools, such as ad blockers, Virtual Private Networks (VPN), and privacy-focused web browsers. All major browser vendors have also deprecated, or plan to deprecate, third-party cookies to reduce tracking. Despite these efforts, advertising companies continuously innovate to overcome these restrictions. Recently, advertising platforms, like Meta, have been promoting server-side tracking solutions to bypass traditional browser-based tracking restrictions. This paper explores how server-side tracking technologies can link website visitors with their user accounts on Meta products. The goal is to assess the effectiveness and accuracy of employing this technology, as well as the effect of tracking restrictions on online tracking. Our methodology involves a series of experiments where we integrate Meta's client-side tracker (the Meta Pixel) and server-side technology (the Conversions API) on different web pages. We then drive traffic to these pages and evaluate the success rate of linking website visitors to their profiles on Meta products. Our findings show that Meta's server-side technology can match between 34% and 51% of website visitors to user profiles on Meta products using basic information like the visitor's IP address, user agent, and location data. This is comparable to Pixel-based user matching in optimal conditions (i.e., in the absence of tracking restrictions), which links between 42% and 61% of user profiles. Nevertheless, we see a considerable difference in accuracy: while the Pixel-based tracking achieves 100% accuracy, less than 65% of the profiles matched by server-side tracking are accurate.

The technology behind TB DEPOT: a novel public analytics platform integrating tuberculosis clinical, genomic, and radiological data for visual and statistical exploration.

ObjectiveClinical research informatics tools are necessary to support comprehensive studies of infectious diseases. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) developed the publicly accessible Tuberculosis Data Exploration Portal (TB DEPOT) to address the complex etiology of tuberculosis (TB).Materials and MethodsTB DEPOT displays deidentified patient case data and facilitates analyses across a wide range of clinical, socioeconomic, genomic, and radiological factors. The solution is built using Amazon Web Services cloud-based infrastructure, .NET Core, Angular, Highcharts, R, PLINK, and other custom-developed services. Structured patient data, pathogen genomic variants, and medical images are integrated into the solution to allow seamless filtering across data domains.ResultsResearchers can use TB DEPOT to query TB patient cases, create and save patient cohorts, and execute comparative statistical analyses on demand. The tool supports user-driven data exploration and fulfills the National Institute of Health’s Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles.DiscussionTB DEPOT is the first tool of its kind in the field of TB research to integrate multidimensional data from TB patient cases. Its scalable and flexible architectural design has accommodated growth in the data, organizations, types of data, feature requests, and usage. Use of client-side technologies over server-side technologies and prioritizing maintenance have been important lessons learned. Future directions are dynamically prioritized and key functionality is shared through an application programming interface.ConclusionThis paper describes the platform development methodology, resulting functionality, benefits, and technical considerations of a clinical research informatics application to support increased understanding of TB.

Alternatif Aplikasi Mudah Perpustakaan (Pengenalan Aplikasi ASP.Net )

Introduction. Today we enter an era where the use of technology in everyday life is very natural. The use of this technology turned out to pose a challenge for information providers, one of them was the library. The library must be able to present information that collaborates with technology so that information can be conveyed effectively and efficiently to its users. One of them is by providing library websites using ASP.Net, which is server-side technology to develop web applications based on Microsoft .NET framework. Thus, libraries can create dynamic sites and web applications that are interactive, easy to use, easy to develop.
 Data Collection Method. In collecting data in this paper the writer uses data collection methods in the form of 
 Results and Discussions. This article discusses the history of ASP. Net and its objects namely Namespace, Web Form, Basic Web Form Syntax, Class Page, Request Object, Respone Object, Server Object
 Conclusions. ASP.Net has many objects and is easy to use. Therefore, ASP.NET can be one of the recommendations for use in creating Web libraries

Technological Approaches for E-Content Development and Deployment

Success of any web product and application relies upon how thoughtfully and wisely technology has been implemented for developing and deploying that product – be it e-commerce product or e-learning product. Alongside pedagogy, application of appropriate technology is the important determinant for an effective and engrossing learning experience of any e-content or e-learning system. To understand the proper utilization of IT strategies for e-content development, the qualitative method of research has been used in this study by which content analysis has been done on the interviewed data, gathered from the IT professionals, with the help of Atlas.Ti software. The findings of this study suggest how web technology can be deployed for e-content in the five identified stages, namely – programming language, web application framework, presentation/design, content creation and server-side technology including cloud storage. For this, a comprehensive technical guideline along framework for e-content development and deployment has been formulated.

Mayall: A Framework for Desktop JavaScript Auditing and Post-Exploitation Analysis

Writing desktop applications in JavaScript offers developers the opportunity to create cross-platform applications with cutting-edge capabilities. However, in doing so, they are potentially submitting their code to a number of unsanctioned modifications from malicious actors. Electron is one such JavaScript application framework which facilitates this multi-platform out-the-box paradigm and is based upon the Node.js JavaScript runtime—an increasingly popular server-side technology. By bringing this technology to the client-side environment, previously unrealized risks are exposed to users due to the powerful system programming interface that Node.js exposes. In a concerted effort to highlight previously unexposed risks in these rapidly expanding frameworks, this paper presents the Mayall Framework, an extensible toolkit aimed at JavaScript security auditing and post-exploitation analysis. This paper also exposes fifteen highly popular Electron applications and demonstrates that two-thirds of applications were found to be using known vulnerable elements with high CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) scores. Moreover, this paper discloses a wide-reaching and overlooked vulnerability within the Electron Framework which is a direct byproduct of shipping the runtime unaltered with each application, allowing malicious actors to modify source code and inject covert malware inside verified and signed applications without restriction. Finally, a number of injection vectors are explored and appropriate remediations are proposed.

A Web GIS Framework for Participatory Sensing Service: An Open Source-Based Implementation

Participatory sensing is the process in which individuals or communities collect and analyze systematic data using mobile phones and cloud services. To efficiently develop participatory sensing services, some server-side technologies have been proposed. Although they provide a good platform for participatory sensing, they are not optimized for spatial data management and processing. For the purpose of spatial data collection and management, many web GIS approaches have been studied. However, they still have not focused on the optimal framework for participatory sensing services. This paper presents a web GIS framework for participatory sensing service (FPSS). The proposed FPSS enables an integrated deployment of spatial data capture, storage, and data management functions. In various types of participatory sensing experiments, users can collect and manage spatial data in a unified manner. This feature is realized by the optimized system architecture and use case based on the general requirements for participatory sensing. We developed an open source GIS-based implementation of the proposed framework, which can overcome financial difficulties that are one of the major problems of deploying sensing experiments. We confirmed with the prototype that participatory sensing experiments can be performed efficiently with the proposed FPSS.

A restful web notification service

With the rapid growth of mobile applications or web services, many users are using the same service at the same time which leads to the need for scalable application services. To enlarge the capability of handling large volumes of concurrent requests, server-side push technologies have been then introduced recently. Server-side push technology tries to eliminate unnecessary client requests by sending notification messages to clients when a data change event is triggered on the server side. There are two famous server-side push frameworks used today, and they are services using the Pub/Sub protocol, and the Ajax Push Model. These two mechanisms need middleware between clients and servers which result in complex and heavy-weight system architectures for application developers. To simplify development and increase ability to accommodate the growth in application users, a RESTful notification service is proposed in this paper. The notification service leverages the event-driven characteristic of JavaScript, and pushes response data asynchronously to different requests. Based on the RESTful software architecture style, the proposed notification service is not only a lightweight system but also has impressive performance.

УНІВЕРСАЛЬНА СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНОГО ПРОЕКТУ ВІДКРИТОЇ ОСВІТИ «ХМАРА»

Стаття присвячена актуальним проблемам вибору технологічної платформи і створення універсальної системи управління навчальними ресурсами. Показано переваги хмарних технологій розподілених обчислень порівняно із серверними технологіями для цілей створення універсальної системи управління навчальними ресурсами. Обґрунтовано вибір служби Google Apps для навчальних закладів як технологічної основи розбудови системи управління навчальними ресурсами. Зроблено висновок щодо високої ефективності хмарної технології під час створення універсальної системи управління навчальними ресурсами для інтеграції навчання і підвищення кваліфікації на єдиній технологічній платформі в проектах відкритої освіти.

Authentication at Scale

Like many in the industry, the authors believe passwords and simple bearer tokens, such as cookies, are no longer sufficient to keep users safe. Google employs a base level of sophisticated server-side technologies, such as SSL and risk analysis, to protect users with plain old passwords; however, it's also investing in client-side technologies, such as strong authentication with two-step verification using one-time passwords and public-key-based technology, for stronger user and device identification. It's championing various approaches to access delegation, both in its applications and with third parties, so that end user credentials aren't passed around insecurely.

The Design and Implementation of Mobile CSCW Platform for 3G Network

Because of the limitations of network and hardware, early mobile CSCW platform is not used widely. With the continuing escalation of mobile network, the mobile high-speed network of 3G has been constructed completely and the hardware of mobile devices has been upgraded continuously. It provides a good foundation for the mature application of mobile CSCW. This paper presents a framework of mobile CSCW platform for 3G network and describes the specific implementation. In this paper, Web Service, Socket, XML technologies are used to build server-side, and SOAP, HTTPS, SAX, and Socket technologies are used to build client-side. This platform presented in this paper can help enterprises to increase work efficiency in any network environment.

Developing Server-Side Infrastructure for Large-Scale E-Learning of Web Technology

The growth of E-business has made experience in server-side technology an increasingly important area for educators. Server-side skills are in increasing demand and recognised to be of relatively greater value than comparable client-side aspects (Ehie, 2002). In response to this, many educational organisations have developed E-business courses, but their approaches cannot generally be applied in the distance learning context. Providing server-side infrastructure is important to allow students to gain an appreciation of concepts as well as experiencing aspects like network operation, time delays and failure and ‘just-in-time’ collaboration, which are basic characteristics of distributed applications. Here, the development of a scalable architecture and successful provision of access to a set of server applications for a very large number of students is described. A key objective is to establish a framework that can be applied in education and commerce to support very large-scale deployment of web applications and services for applications with varying properties.

Voice based web services – An assistive technology for visually impaired persons

This article reviews a voice interactive system design utilizing VoiceXML technology. Voice based web services can be used as an alternative to other existing forms of assistive technology for use by visually impaired or blind persons, as well as other people having a disability. For example, they can access news from a variety of local, regional or national newspapers and the only equipment necessary is a touch-tone telephone with no requisite knowledge of personal computers or specialized software required. VoiceXML standard is a tag based scripting language based on Extended Mark up Language (XML) and is used to design voice interactive information access systems supported by natural language and text to speech processing tools for interpretation and transcribing information. The voice based services are designed and hosted in a web server using server side technologies that generate VoiceXML scripts for the information to be delivered, while the VoiceXML interpreter platforms renders this information at a certain cost from anywhere by dialing a toll free telephone number.

Web-based expert system for food dryer selection

This paper describes an integrated web-based fuzzy expert system for food dryer selection. A modular approach to designing the system was employed. It consists of a number of knowledge sources controlled by a scheduler, which communicate through a common blackboard. The system has been fully implemented to run on the web and provides an excellent example of how a number of heterogeneous tools and applications can be integrated on the www. Java was used as the main programming language, and a new server-side technology, Java servlets, was utilised and found to be very effective in integrating different applications on the web. Rule-based knowledge sources and the inference mechanisms were implemented using ReSolver. The system, which also includes ‘foreign’ programs coded in Fortran, clearly demonstrated the integration of the various tools in a seamless user-friendly environment. The structure of the developed system is presented together with example runs to demonstrate its main functionality.

Developing and Implementing an Internet-Based Financial System Simulation Game

Thanks to the Internet and server-side technology such as Active Server Pages (ASP), faculty can develop, implement, and share interactive pedagogy easily and inexpensively. The Financial System Simulator (FSS) is an example of an interactive game that the author has developed. The FSS is an Internet-based, interactive teaching aid that introduces undergraduate students to the domestic and international consequences of monetary policy. Although simulators are common among computer-aided interactive learning devices in today's undergraduate economics curricula, the FSS is different from the others because it allows students, who represent nations, to interact with each other rather than with a computer. The exercise provides users with real-time outcomes based on their decisions, as well as the decisions of other students. According to student surveys, the game helped students understand monetary policy and kept students motivated and interested.

Interactivity and collaboration on the WWW — is the ‘WWW shell’ sufficient?

The web and its associated technologies — Cgi-scripts, JavaScript and Java — have become a platform for the development and deployment of applications. Such has been the impact of these technologies that their combination has been likened to an Expert System Shell, and referred to by the term ‘WWW shell’. This WWW shell it is claimed is particularly adapted to the development of collaborative applications. This paper challenges this claim on three grounds: browser incompatibilities limit the potential benefits from client-side processing technologies; the generic Common Gateway Interface as an application delivery mechanism is inadequate and the networking restrictions on Java applets constrain effective use of the latter as dedicated interfaces to remote applications. This argument is illustrated with respect to three case studies of practical collaborative applications of WWW shell technology. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of new server side technologies, in particular Java servlets for the future development of the WWW shell and the evolution of an ‘Active Web’.

Feature Article—The World Wide Web: Opportunities for Operations Research and Management Science

The World Wide Web has already affected OR/MS work in a significant way, and holds great potential for changing the nature of OR/MS products and the OR/MS software economy. Web technologies are relevant to OR/MS work in two ways. First, the Web is a multimedia communication system. Originally based on an information pull model, it is—critically for OR/MS—being extended for information push as well. Second, it is a large distributed computing environment in which OR/MS products—interactive computational applications—can be made available, and interacted with, over a global network. Enabling technologies for Web-based execution of OR/MS applications are classified into those involving client-side execution and server-side execution. Methods for combining multiple client-side and server-side technologies are critical to OR/MS's use of these technologies. These methods, and various emerging technologies for developing computational applications, give the OR/MS worker a rich armament for building Web-based versions of conventional applications. They also enable a new class of distributed applications working on real-time data. Web technologies are expected to encourage the development of OR/MS products as specialized component applications that can be bundled to solve real-world problems. Effective exploitation, for OR/MS purposes, of these technological innovations will also require initiatives, changes, and greater involvement by OR/MS organizations.