Serum Testosterone Profiles Research Articles

Semen Quality, Lipid Peroxidation of the Seminal Plasma, And Serum Testosterone Profile of Zaraibi Goat Bucks Administrated Chitosan with Normal or High-Fat Diets

Semen Quality, Lipid Peroxidation of the Seminal Plasma, And Serum Testosterone Profile of Zaraibi Goat Bucks Administrated Chitosan with Normal or High-Fat Diets

The effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-Gracecum) supplementation on glycemic status, androgens, and lipid profile in letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) model

Introduction: PCOS the most common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged females is hallmarked by characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome and biological hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinism. Fenugreek seeds have proven to be beneficial in the treatment of PCOS because of their antiandrogenic and anti-hyperglycaemic effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of fenugreek seed in PCOS rats. Materials and method: Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Group 1 served as a (control group, n=10) received saline (0.9%NaCl) while Group 2 (PCOS control group, n=30) received letrozole (1mg/kg) to induce PCOS. After 21 days, PCOS-induced rats were divided into two groups. One group was treated with the aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds and another group was treated with metformin (300mg/Kg) for 21 consecutive days while the control group continued to receive saline. At the end of the experiment ovaries were removed for histological examination and blood collected for the estimation of Insulin, Testosterone, and Lipid profile. Result: Compared with the control group, Letrozole administration in rats exhibited significant alterations in serum testosterone, insulin activity, glucose and Lipid profile (P<0.001). Acyclicity of the estrus cycle with cysts were also detected. In Fenugreek and metformin groups restoration of normal ovarian stroma, normalization of estrous cycle with reduced levels of testosterone (P<0.001), insulin (P<0.001), glucose (P<0.001), and cholesterol (P<0.0001) were observed. Discussion: These findings suggest that aqueous extract of fenugreek showed better amelioration in the regulation of impaired insulin resistance, hyperandrogenaemia, and ovarian dysfunction in PCOS.

Impact of Mushroom Pleurotus tuber-regium (Rumph. ex) Fr. Extract on Lipid Profile and Testosterone of Rat

Pleurotus tuber-regium has been used as fodder and traditionally used as medicinal supplement. The aim of this study was to screen in vitro proximate biochemical composition and nutritional potentiality of P. tuber-regium extract for further in vivo analysis of impact of the extract on serum lipid and testosterone profile of rats. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol were measured photometrically. Testosterone was measured by chemiluminescence immune assay. P. tuber-regium extract contains different biochemicals such as proteins, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, phenols etc. and showed highly quantified calorific value (297.89±1.92 calori/100g). Acute toxicity test showed no mortality and toxic behavioural symptoms. Significant decrease in total cholesterol (75.52±0.39mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (34.58±1.69mg/dL) and triglyceride (81.31±1.25) were observed in rat group treated with 200mg/kg dose of extract. 400mg/kg dose of extract showed higher efficacy than 200mg/kg dose of extract and significantly decreased total cholesterol (72.25±1.11mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (26.37±1.21mg/dL) and triglyceride (69.42±0.72). The extract showed testosterone enhance efficacy. 400mg/kg dose of extract showed high level testosterone (178.96±0.68 ng/dL) enhance efficacy than 200mg/kg dose (174.64±0.64ng/dL). Due to hypocholesterolaemia and testosterone elevating properties of P. tuber-regium extract, it can be said that, mushroom P. tuber-regium can be consumed as healthy diet supplement to maintain cholesterol level and to maintain good male reproductive health.

Semen characteristics and testosterone profiles of Yankasa rams fed graded levels of dietary protein using cotton seed and palm kernel cakes

Abstract The increasing demand of the feed market for protein has necessitated the need to look for and use other sources of this nutrient. Cottonseed cake and palm kernel cakes are used extensively for supplementing ruminant rations to increase their productivity. The efficiency of sperm production, libido and quality of spermatozoa tend to remain uniform throughout the reproductive life of an animal but may be significantly altered by nutrition. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of graded levels of protein on semen characteristics, and serum testosterone profile in Yankasa rams. Fifteen rams aged between 18–24 months and weighing 15–25 kg with good body condition scores (3.5) were used in this study. They were divided into three treatment groups (A, B and C) according to the dietary protein level. Group A (n = 5) received 10 %, group B (n = 5) received 15 % while group C (n = 5) received 20 % combined crude protein of cotton seed and palm kernel cakes, respectively. Semen samples were collected weekly using battery-controlled electro ejaculator. Serum samples were harvested using a Pasteur pipette into serum vials and stored at −20 °C for analysis. These samples were from a representative animal in each group for determination of testosterone profiles using ELISA technique at weeks 1, 6 and 12. Data collected were expressed as means and standard error of the mean (± SEM). Significance of differences between treatments means were estimated at P ≤ 0.05 with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). From this study, it was concluded that rams fed concentrate of 15 % crude protein using cotton seed and palm kernel cakes combined had improved semen characteristics in terms of semen concentration, motility, live sperm cells and morphology, but the crude protein levels had no effects on testosterone concentrations.

144 Serum testosterone profile in Marwari stallions and its relationship with testicular parameters, semen characteristics, reaction time, stallion age, bodyweight, and height

The present study investigated the serum testosterone profile of Marwari stallions before and after exposure to a mare and the relationship of serum testosterone profile with scrotal circumference, semen characteristics, reaction time, stallion age, bodyweight, and height. Marwari stallions (n=9) of three age groups (2-4 years, n=3; 4-6 years, n=3; and 6+ years, n=3) were used in the study. Scrotal circumference, height, and bodyweight of each of the stallions were measured. Semen was collected from each stallion twice per week in the early-morning hours using an artificial vagina and a mare in oestrus. Six ejaculates were collected from each stallion for evaluation of various seminal parameters (semen volume, sperm concentration, and progressive sperm motility). Reaction time for each stallion was also recorded. At every alternate semen collection (first, third, and fifth collections), blood samples were taken 15min before exposure to the mare and just before the semen collection for serum testosterone hormone assay using a horse testosterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The data obtained were analysed statistically using SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp.). The results showed that mean testosterone concentration was significantly different (P ≤ 0.01) among the stallions and was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.01) in the stallions below 4 years of age. No significant difference in testosterone level was observed before and after exposure to a mare. A positive correlation was detected between testosterone and both scrotal circumference (P ≤ 0.05) and sperm concentration (P ≤ 0.05), whereas a negative correlation was observed with reaction time (P ≤ 0.01). It was concluded that exposure to a mare does not change the testosterone level in stallion blood and that there is a relationship of serum testosterone concentration with scrotal circumference, sperm concentration, reaction time, and age but not with height and bodyweight.

246 Serum testosterone profiles in men on testosterone therapy after bilateral orchiectomy

246 Serum testosterone profiles in men on testosterone therapy after bilateral orchiectomy

MP07-07 SERUM TESTOSTERONE PROFILES IN MEN ON TESTOSTERONE THERAPY AFTER BILATERAL ORCHIECTOMY

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfertility: Therapy II1 Apr 2018MP07-07 SERUM TESTOSTERONE PROFILES IN MEN ON TESTOSTERONE THERAPY AFTER BILATERAL ORCHIECTOMY Jose Torremade, Coskun Kagacan, Yanira Ortega, and John P Mulhall Jose TorremadeJose Torremade More articles by this author , Coskun KagacanCoskun Kagacan More articles by this author , Yanira OrtegaYanira Ortega More articles by this author , and John P MulhallJohn P Mulhall More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.3070AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES A low but well recognized incidence of bilateral testis cancer occurs. Such men, requiring bilateral orchiectomy, rely entirely on adrenal androgens, sustaining a testosterone (T) level not compatible with a healthy life and thus testosterone therapy (TT) is mandatory. The objective of this study was to define the outcomes of transdermal therapy in such men. METHODS Men who had undergone bilateral orchiectomy and presented for testosterone therapy were studied. All such patients received 200mg of intramuscular testosterone injection in the recovery room at the completion of their second orchiectomy prior to discharge. 2-4 weeks later they were commenced on transdermal TT at maximum dose. 2 weeks later they had a serum total testosterone (T) level checked. If less than 300 ng/dl switching to intramuscular (IM) TT was discussed with the patient. For those who opted to switch, 100mg IM testosterone cypionate was administered and was to be injected by the patient every 7 days. An attempt was made using multivariable analysis to find predictors of achievement of a total T level >300ng/dl on transdermal TT. RESULTS 47 patients were studied with a mean age of 26±11 (22-41) years. 4 had had synchronous, 43 metachronous bilateral orchiectomy. 19 of these men had been on transdermal TT between the 2 orchiectomies, all with good levels achieved. On transdermal TT, mean total T level was 246±196 (184-480 ng/dl), 20 men (42%) having levels above 300ng/dl. All 27 of the men failing to achieve a physiological T level opted to pursue IM T, as did 11/20 men who did achieve total T levels above 300. All 38 of these men achieved total T levels above 300 while injecting. On IM TT, mean total T was 711±140 (548-902) ng/dl. No predictors were found of achievement of physiological total T level on transdermal TT. CONCLUSIONS Many men who have undergone bilateral orchiectomy struggle to achieve physiological total T levels using transdermal testosterone administration. This information should be helpful to clinicians in their discussion with such patients. © 2018FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 199Issue 4SApril 2018Page: e90 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2018MetricsAuthor Information Jose Torremade More articles by this author Coskun Kagacan More articles by this author Yanira Ortega More articles by this author John P Mulhall More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Determination of Breeding Seasonality in Rusa Deer (<i>Rusa timorensis</i>) Stags via Serum Testosterone Profiling

Breeding seasonality in mammals is influenced by the environmental changes and the endocrine response of the animals to that changes. Comprehension in breeding seasonality enables better reproductive management consequently maximizing the reproductive potential of the stags. Despite that, the study in breeding seasonality in Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) is still scarce. Five healthy and matured stags were selected for this experiment. Semen were collected using electroejaculator at a monthly interval from April to September 2012. Semen motility is determined using a percentage. Meteorological data were obtained from the nearest weather station located in Petaling Jaya. Serum was utilized for the radioimmunoassay determination of serum testosterone profile. The warmest condition was in June and it’s coolest in November of 2012. There was a strong, positive correlation between testosterone concentration and general motility (p<0.05) with a correlation coefficient, rs = 0.943. Meteorological data alone; temperature, relative humidity and rainfall are insufficient to determine the breeding seasonality in Rusa deer, bearing no significant correlation with serum testosterone concentration and sperm motility. Rusa deer stags is reproductively active from April to July, low in August and starts to rise again in September. Therefore, this study demonstrates that breeding seasonality in Rusa deer stags can be determined via serum testosterone profiling.

Effects of Experimental Fasciola Gigantica Infection on Serum Testosterone Profiles and their Relationship with Semen Characteristics of Yankasa Ram

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Fasciolosis on serum testosterone profiles and semen characteristics of Yankasa rams. Twelve, apparently healthy, Yankasa rams aged 18-24 months were randomly divided into two groups (infected group A and control group B) with seven and five rams, respectively. The rams werekept under intensive management in different pens throughout the study period. Group A rams were inoculated with 800 metacecariae orally and monitored for 12 weeks Post Infection (PI). Clinical signs were manifested 2 weeks PI. Faecal examination revealed Fasciola eggs at week 7 PI in group A. Three mL of blood were collected aseptically via the jugular vein at 30 min interval, weekly between 08:00-9:00am for serum testosterone assay. Testosterone assay was done using ELISA technique. There was significant decrease in testosterone concentration in group A at different time intervals of the weeks of post-infection. The semen analysis showed the lowest mean (±SEM) of semen volume, semen motility, semen concentration, of group A, as (0.01±0.0 mL), (3.6±2.4%), (16.1±4.2%) compared to group B with mean (±SEM) (1.6±0.1 mL), (93.0±1.2%), (440.0±13.0%) at week 7 post- infection, respectively. This study revealed that Fasciolosis has a great impact on sheep mainly by diminishing their reproductive efficiency and rendering infected rams infertile. It is concluded that F. gigantica infectionhad advanced effects on testosterone production and semen quality of Yankasa rams.

Effects of Experimental &lt;em&gt;Fasciola gigantic&lt;/em&gt; Infection on Serum Testosterone Profiles in Relationship to Semen Characteristics of Yankasa Ram

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Fasciolosis on serum testosterone profiles and semen characteristics of Yankasa rams. Twelve, apparently healthy, Yankasa rams aged 18-24 months were randomly divided into two groups (infected group A and control group B) with seven and five rams, respectively. The rams werekept under intensive management in different pens throughout the study period. Group A rams were inoculated with 800 metacecariae orally and monitored for 12 weeks Post Infection (PI). Clinical signs were manifested 2 weeks PI. Faecal examination revealed <em>Fasciola</em> eggs at week 7 PI in group A. Three mL of blood were collected aseptically via the jugular vein at 30 min interval, weekly between 08:00-9:00am for serum testosterone assay. Testosterone assay was done using ELISA technique. There was significant decrease in testosterone concentration in group A at different time intervals of the weeks of post-infection. The semen analysis showed the lowest mean (±SEM) of semen volume, semen motility, semen concentration, of group A, as (0.01±0.0 mL), (3.6±2.4%), (16.1±4.2%) compared to group B with mean (±SEM) (1.6±0.1 mL), (93.0±1.2%), (440.0±13.0%) at week 7 post- infection, respectively. This study revealed that Fasciolosis has a great impact on sheep mainly by diminishing their reproductive efficiency and rendering infected rams infertile. It is concluded that <em>F. gigantica</em> infectionhad advanced effects on testosterone production and semen quality of Yankasa rams.

347 Early versus late serum testosterone and related hormone profile after radical prostatectomy

347 Early versus late serum testosterone and related hormone profile after radical prostatectomy

Controlled Release of LHRH Agonist, Leuprolide Acetate, from Microcapsules: Serum Drug Level Profiles and Pharmacological Effects in Animals

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of leuprolide acetate from a controlled release parenteral dosage form has been studied in rats and dogs. The release of the drug in rats after a single subcutaneous injection exhibited pseudo-zero-order kinetics for one month in doses ranging from 0.0135 to 1.35 mg/rat; the release rate at a dose of 1.35 mg/rat was 2.8% of dose/day; after intramuscular injection the response was similar. In rats, the serum leuprolide acetate levels increased sharply immediately after injection by either route as a consequence of the initial release of the drug; subsequently, the levels attained a plateau for two weeks. The serum level profiles in dogs showed essentially the same pattern as those in rats. When the dosage form was injected into rats, the serum testosterone level (a pharmacological index) sharply peaked, abruptly decreased to below the normal level, and then was sustained at a suppressed level for over six weeks at a dose of 1.35 mg/rat (equivalent to 3 mg kg-1) and higher, while the serum testosterone level after an injection of 0.0135 and 0.135 mg/rat was not sufficiently suppressed. The profiles in dogs showed essentially the same pattern as those in rats. With multiple administrations (once every 4 weeks), serum testosterone levels in dogs did not show any sharp rise after the second and third injections. Changes in rat reproductive organ weights agreed well with the serum testosterone profile in the suppression. The results demonstrate that this dosage form releases the drug at a constant rate for one month and has a long-acting potency.

Relationship Between Serum Testosterone and Cardiovascular Risk Profile in the General Population

Relationship Between Serum Testosterone and Cardiovascular Risk Profile in the General Population

Increased serum and testicular androgen levels in F1 rats with lifetime exposure to soy isoflavones

The consequences of dietary soy isoflavones on serum and testicular androgen levels were examined in F1 male rats from a multigeneration study investigating the effects of diets varying in isoflavone content. Rats were fed either a soy-free casein based diet (AIN93G) or a diet in which alcohol-washed soy protein replaced casein as the protein source and to which increasing amounts of Novasoy, a commercially available isoflavone supplement were added. Analysis of these diets showed that the isoflavone content in each diet was 0 (diet 1; casein based control), 31.7 (diet 2; alcohol-washed soy-based diet control), 36.1 (diet 3), 74.5 (diet 4), 235.6 (diet 5) and 1046.6 (diet 6) mg total isoflavones/kg pelleted diet. The levels of isoflavones in diet 1 would represent a daily intake level of 0 mg isoflavones, diets 2 and 3 estimate a low soy-containing human diet (e.g. North American), diet 4 would correspond to Asian diets (e.g. Japanese) or adult humans taking isoflavone supplements, diet 5 approximates the isoflavone intake by babies fed soy based infant formula and diet 6 approximates fivefold the intake levels by babies or 10-fold the intake levels of adults consuming high isoflavone containing diets. Serum testosterone (T) from F1 male rats sacrificed on postnatal days (PND) 28, 70, 120, 240 and 360 were low at PND 28 (0.4 ng/ml), increased approximately five to sixfold at PND 70 (2.5–3.0 ng/ml) and thereafter declined to a steady state level of ∼1 ng/ml by PND 120. However, rats on diets 5 and 6 demonstrated altered serum testosterone profiles such that at days 120, testosterone levels remained significantly elevated at ∼3 ng/ml ( P<0.05). Serum dihydrotestosterone levels exhibited similar profiles and the levels in PND 120 rats on diet 5 or 6 were also significantly elevated (two to threefold, P<0.05). The intra-testicular testosterone concentration in rats on diet 5 was also elevated at PND 120 compared with diet 1 ( P<0.05). These findings show that F1 male rats continuously exposed to a mixture of dietary soy isoflavones from conception onwards exhibit altered serum and testicular androgen profiles.

Three-month depot of goserelin acetate: clinical efficacy and endocrine profile

Objectives To compare the pharmacodynamics and tolerability of the new goserelin acetate 10.8-mg depot with the 3.6-mg depot in patients with advanced prostate cancer during the first 3 months of therapy. Methods One hundred sixty patients were randomized in two comparative studies to receive either the 10.8-mg goserelin acetate depot every 12 weeks or the 3.6-mg goserelin acetate depot every 4 weeks for 12 weeks and then the 10.8-mg depot every 12 weeks thereafter. Data for pharmacodynamic assessments were collected prospectively, whereas clinical response data were collected retrospectively. Results Serum testosterone profiles of the 10.8-mg goserelin acetate depot and the 3.6-mg goserelin acetate depot were similar; testosterone levels in both groups fell below castrate levels by day 21 after administration. Decreases in serum prostate-specific antigen level after 3 months of therapy were also similar in both groups: 94% with the 10.8-mg depot and 92.5% with the 3.6-mg depot. For all patients, the median time to progression was 152.7 weeks and the median time to death was 213.6 weeks. The safety profile of the 10.8-mg goserelin acetate depot was similar to that of the 3.6-mg depot; hot flashes was the most common adverse event. The incidence of injection site reactions was very low (2 [0.3%of 614 administrations). Conclusions The new 10.8-mg depot was pharmacodynamically equivalent to the current 3.6-mg depot and was well tolerated, both locally and systemically. The observed times to progression and survival were as expected in this patient population. The 10.8-mg goserelin-acetate depot provided a dosing schedule that was convenient for the patient and the physician, and it has the potential to reduce health care costs while maintaining the quality of life in patients being treated for advanced prostate cancer.

A New Long Acting Formulation of the Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analogue, Goserelin: Results of Studies in Prostate Cancer

Purpose To assess the pharmacodynamic equivalence of the new 10.8 mg. goserelin depot with the current 3.6 mg. depot 3 studies were performed in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Materials and Methods In 2 comparative studies 160 patients were randomized for dosing every 12 weeks using the 10.8 mg. depot or every 4 weeks using the 3.6 mg. depot. In the noncomparative study 35 patients received the 10.8 mg. depot. Blood sampling for serum testosterone and evaluation of toxicity was done during the 48-week study period. Results Serum testosterone profiles of the 10.8 and 3.6 mg. goserelin depots were similar with testosterone levels decreasing into the castrate range by day 21 after depot administration. The safety profile of 10.8 mg. goserelin is comparable to that of the current monthly depot with the main side effects related to androgen deprivation. Conclusions The new long acting depot was pharmacologically equivalent, and well tolerated locally and systemically, and will offer added convenience to patients and health care personnel.

Variation in Reproductive Biology of Male Black Bears

We compared the reproductive biology of male black bears in two study areas at different latitudes (36 and 47°N) and with dissimilar population characteristics (hunted versus unhunted) to test two null hypotheses stemming from previous studies: 1) no regional variation exists in male reproductive rhythms; 2) social factors do not contribute to variation. Both hypotheses were rejected. Serum–testosterone profiles differed between the two areas, with a sharper peak associated with the May–July breeding season among bears in Minnesota. Bears in Virginia and North Carolina had a longer period of elevated serum testosterone, in apparent accordance with more prolonged breeding periods reported for southerly populations of black bear. In both areas, serum-testosterone concentrations and size of testicles decreased from the breeding months to autumn. By December, when all bears in Minnesota were denned, testicles had ascended into the body cavity, and serum testosterone reached a nadir. Serum testosterone increased during late denning (February–March), and testicles of some bears became scrotal, supporting previous suggestions that the male reproductive cycle is triggered by photoperiod. However, we also observed age–specific differences in secretion of testosterone between study sites that appeared to be related to the effects of differing social structures.

Immunization of Rams against Human Recombinant Inhibin α-Subunit Delays, Augments, and Extends Season-Related Increase in Blood Gonadotropin Levels1

Adult Suffolk rams were immunized four times against the human recombinant inhibin alpha-subunit over a period of 80 days. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay procedures. The results show that season-related elevations of gonadotropin levels in immunized rams was delayed by 1-2 wk and, in these animals, it was more pronounced and extended than in vehicle-treated controls. Peaks of circulating testosterone were higher in control rams than in immunized animals. The capacity of the antisera to bind 125I-labeled inhibin alpha-subunit increased significantly in each immunized animal within 30 days of treatment, even though neutralizing antibodies were detected with a rat pituitary cell culture bioassay in only one of the four immunized rams. Epididymal sperm reserves tended to be greater in immunized than in control animals. These results show that inhibin controls the release of FSH during the breeding season, thereby regulating spermatogenic activity; it may also exert its effect on testicular function by a local effect on Leydig cells, as evidenced by changes in serum testosterone profiles and increased serum LH levels in rams immunized against the inhibin alpha-subunit.