Serum Prolactin Levels In Patients Research Articles

Prolactin level changes according to atypical antipsychotics use: a study based on Clinical Data Warehouse

IntroductionAntipsychotics are associated with increased serum prolactin. It depends on the type of the antipsychotics and gender. There are previous studies, but it is necessary to compare them including new drugs.ObjectivesAntipsychotic drugs are known as the major cause of non-neoplastic hyperprolactinemia. This study aimed to investigate the levels of serum prolactin elevation depending on the use of antipsychotic drugs in patients through the Clinical Data WarehouseMethodsOur study included 118 subjects who were all diagnosed according to ICD-10 for schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders, manic episodes, and bipolar affective disorders. All the subjects were taking one of risperidone, blonanserin, amisulpride, and olanzapine. They had prolactin blood tests collected retrospectively through CDW.Results Among the 118 subjects included in the analysis, the mean serum prolactin level was 65.1± 54.7ng/ml. Serum prolactin levels were significantly higher in subjects taking risperidone or amisulpride compared to blonanserin and olanzapine. The female subjects who took amisulpride or olanzapine had significantly higher prolactin levels, but there was no difference in prolactin levels between the sex in the subjects who took risperidone or blonanserin.ConclusionsThis study suggests the need for regular monitoring of serum prolactin levels in patients who are taking antipsychotics, especially in female patients. Further studies on the subjects with controlled confounding variables and larger sample groups are needed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Assessment of Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients with Liver Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Prolactin is a hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland under tonic inhibitory control by dopamine. A decrease in dopamine levels is usually observed in decompensated liver disease, which could be due to its inhibition by the increased synthesis of false neurotransmitters. However, the level of serum prolactin in liver disease patients still remains disputed. Aim: To evaluate the serum prolactin levels in patients with liver disease of different aetiologies and compare them with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry from August 2021 to August 2022 at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Kochi, Kerala, India. A total of 100 patients with liver disease and 100 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum prolactin was estimated using the Electro- Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay (ECLIA) technique. The serum prolactin levels were compared among patients with liver disease of different aetiologies and with healthy controls. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Dun Bonferroni test. Results: The median serum prolactin levels were significantly elevated in the cases {40.61 (29.13-70.24 ng/mL)} compared to the controls {17 (10.95-20.70 ng/mL)}, This p-value is correct as the median levels for cases is {40.61 (29.13-70.24 ng/mL)}. Comparison of prolactin levels showed no statistically significant difference based on the distribution of age and gender. In the present study, prolactin levels were found to be most prominent in patients with fatty liver disease. Conclusion: The serum prolactin level increased significantly in liver disease patients, particularly in patients with fatty liver. Hence, prolactin levels can be used as a useful predictive biomarker for fatty liver.

Prolactin Level Changes according to Atypical Antipsychotics Use: A Study Based on Clinical Data Warehouse.

: Antipsychotic drugs are known as the major cause of non-neoplastic hyperprolactinemia. This study aimed to investigate the levels of serum prolactin depending on the use of antipsychotic drugs in patients through the Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW). : We conducted a cohort search in the CDW application and got 260 patients' medical records diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders, manic episodes, and bipolar affective disorders who were taking one of risperidone, blonanserin, amisulpride, and olanzapine. After that, we reviewed the medical data and used the ANCOVA analysis and the post hoc test to compare serum prolactin levels among four antipsychotic drug groups. : Among the 117 subjects included in the analysis, the mean serum prolactin level was 64.6 ± 54.6 ng/ml. Serum prolactin levels were significantly higher in subjects taking risperidone or amisulpride compared to blonanserin and olanzapine. The female subjects who took blonanserin, olanzapine, and risperidone had significantly higher prolactin levels, but there was no difference in serum prolactin levels between sex in the subjects who took amisulpride. : This study suggests the need for regular monitoring of serum prolactin levels in patients who are taking antipsychotics, especially in female patients. And we showed that there is a possibility to conduct more effective and simpler big data research using the CDW. Further studies on the subjects with controlled confounding variables and larger sample groups are needed.

Lower serum PRL is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic worldwide and has been linked to a series of metabolic co-morbidities. Prolactin (PRL) has recently been found to have a negative effect on NAFLD, but a causal relationship is not well-understood. Here we investigated the causative relationship between PRL and NAFLD occurrence.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled patients without NAFLD who were diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography undergone serum PRL testing at 8.00 a.m. at baseline, and followed up for a median of 32 (19, 46) months.ResultsThis study enrolled 355 persons [215 men and 140 women; media age 56 (49, 64) years], in which 72 (20.28%) patients who eventually developed NAFLD. Compared with those in the non-NAFLD group, basal serum PRL levels of patients were lower in the NAFLD group [male: 7.35 (5.48, 10.60) vs. 9.13 (6.92, 12.50) ug/L, P = 0.002; female: 5.66 (4.67, 9.03) vs. 9.01 (6.31, 11.60) ug/L, P = 0.009]. The prevalence of NAFLD was significantly decreased along with the increased quartile of basal serum PRL levels in both genders (P < 0.05). Serum PRL concentration was independently associated with NAFLD development [male: OR, 0.881 (0.777, 0.998), P = 0.047; female: OR, 0.725 (0.554, 0.949), P = 0.019].ConclusionOur study is the first to find that basal serum PRL level can predict the occurrence of NAFLD and it may be a potential biomarker to prevent and treat NAFLD.

Retracted: Changes of Mental State and Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia and Depression after Receiving the Combination Therapy of Amisulpride and Chloroprothixol Tablets.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/6580030.].

Delusion of pregnancy : The role of prolactin

IntroductionA delusion of pregnancy is defined as a fixed false belief that one is pregnant in the absence of any evidence to support the pregnant state. Different mechanisms have been advanced to explain this phenomenon.ObjectivesHerein, we present a case of hyperprolactinemia with delusion of pregnancy during the use of Amisulpride.MethodsHerein, we present a case of hyperprolactinemia with delusion of pregnancy during the use of Amisulpride.ResultsThis case concerns a 39-year-old, divorced Tunisian woman with the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder,She has never been pregnant. She was taking Amisulpride at the dose of 400 mg per day with 100mg of Haldol Decanoate. In June 2021, she was admitted to our department as she expressed the thought that she was pregnant. No other psychotic symptoms were reported. There was no history of alcohol or illicit drug use. The physical examination was normal. The blood pregnancy test was negative. A measure of serum prolactin was performed and revealed a high prolactin level at 700 ng/ml. Amisulpride was discontinued. We then recorded the serum prolactin level at one month and then at three months after we stopped Amisulpride. We found that as her prolactin levels decreased her complaint of pregnancy also diminished. Actually, the patient has a normal level of prolactin and has no pregnancy delusion.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware that delusion of pregnancy in psychotic patients may be caused by side effects of the treatment. Monitoring of serum prolactin levels in patients under Amisulpride may help to improve the management of these patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Changes of Mental State and Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia and Depression after Receiving the Combination Therapy of Amisulpride and Chloroprothixol Tablets.

Objective To investigate the changes in mental state and serum prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia and depression after receiving the combination therapy of amisulpride and chloroprothixol tablets. Methods A total of 148 schizophrenic patients with depression were randomly divided into control group (N = 73) and study group (N = 75). The control group was treated with clopidothiol, and the study group was treated with amisulpride. Symptom scores, sleep quality, adverse reactions, therapeutic effects, prolactin, and progesterone levels, HAMD, PANSS, and PSP scores were compared between the two groups. Results The symptom scores of both groups were significantly reduced, but when compared to the control group, the symptom scores of the research group were significantly reduced more significantly (P < 0.05); serum GDNF levels of both groups were significantly increased, while serum NSE, IL-1, and MBP levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). However, the research group altered more substantially (P < 0.05) than the control group; the overall PSQI score of the research group was lower (P < 0.05) than the control group; and the incidence of adverse responses in the control and study groups was 12.3 percent and 4.0 percent. The research group had a lower rate of adverse responses (P < 0.05) than the control group, and the effective treatment of the control and research groups was 82.2 percent and 98.7%, respectively. The research group had a lower rate of adverse reactions (P < 0.05) than the control group, while the control and research groups' successful treatment rates were 82.2 percent and 98.7%, respectively. When compared to the control group, the research group had a greater treatment efficiency (P < 0.05); blood prolactin and progesterone levels were considerably lowered in both groups, but the reductions in the research group were more evident (P < 0.05). Both groups had considerably lower HAMD and PANSS scores, and both had significantly higher PSP scores, although the difference in the research group was more evident (P < 0.05). Conclusion For people with schizophrenia and depression, a combination of amisulpride and chloroprothixol pills has a considerable effect. It can help patients with their clinical symptoms and sleep quality while also lowering their serum prolactin levels, which is favorable to their illness recovery. As a result, the combined treatment of amisulpride and chloroprothixol pills deserves to be promoted and used.

A Case-control Study of Sexual Dysfunction and Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients with Psychotic Disorders

Introduction: Sexual functioning has remained widely neglected aspect of patient care for those suffering from severe mental disorders and has received little attention. Yet, it has been construed as one of the major factors contributing to nonadherence with antipsychotic medications. Aim: To study sexual dysfunction in patients with psychotic disorders and its clinical association with serum prolactin levels. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry at MGM Medical College and associated Mental Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, from 13th February 2020 to 21st January 2021. The study sample consisted of 200 subjects including 100 cases and 100 controls. The case group included patients with a diagnosis of psychotic disorders currently in remission for at least 1 month. Remission of the patients was ensured by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) with a score of &lt;4 on all items and &lt;28 total score. Assessment of sexual dysfunction was done using Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX). The control group included healthy subjects aged between 18-65 years, either sex having active sexual partners with a score of &lt; 3 on all the items of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Collection of blood sample was done and serum was analyzed for prolactin levels using the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) method. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 28.0 (SPSS) for windows. Results: The mean age of the case group was 39.9±7.457 years while that of the control group was 35.60±9.37 years. The number of male patients (71% and 73%) was higher than females (29% and 27%) in the control group and case group respectively. The difference between the two were statistically significant. The total number of cases who experienced sexual dysfunction came out to be 59 out of 100. Total 55.93% of those having sexual dysfunction were suffering from difficulty in sexual arousal, followed by difficulty with penile erection/vaginal lubrication (49.15%), orgasmic dysfunction (34.48%), and reduced sexual drive (23.72%). Among the cases, the mean serum prolactin level (14.14±10.60 ng/mL) was seen to be significantly higher (p-value &lt;0.001) than the control group (9.46±6.05 ng/mL). Maximum serum prolactin level (29.00±9.95 ng/mL) was seen to be associated with usage of a combination of both 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics. Conclusion: There was a significant prevalence of sexual dysfunction in psychotic patients and is associated significantly with elevated serum prolactin levels.

Association between Serum Prolactin Levels and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Prolactin (PRL) exerts inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties and is also thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). However, serum PRL levels in patients with NDs were inconsistent in the research literature. Objective: We aimed to assess the serum PRL levels in patients with NDs. Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library database, clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and reference lists of articles were searched up to December 31, 2020. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by fixed-effect or random-effect model analysis. Results: A total of 36 comparisons out of 29 studies (3 RCTs and 26 case controls) focusing on NDs (including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease [HD], multiple sclerosis [MS], and epilepsy) were reported. The meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in serum PRL levels between patients with NDs and healthy controls (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: −0.16 to 0.96, p = 0.16). Subgroup analysis showed that serum PRL levels in patients with HD and MS were higher than those of healthy controls. Furthermore, patients with NDs aged <45 years had higher serum PRL levels (SMD = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.16–1.78, p = 0.018) than healthy controls. High serum PRL levels were found in subgroups such as the microenzymatic method, Asia, and the Americas. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed serum PRL levels in patients with HD and MS were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. Serum PRL levels were associated with age, region, and detection method. Other larger sample studies using more uniform detection methods are necessary to confirm our results.

Assessment of serum prolactin level in hepatic encephalopathy patient

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder that arises in both acute and chronic liver disease. It is typified by the disturbance in consciousness and behavior, personality changes fluctuating neurological signs, asterisks or flapping tremors and distinctive EEG changes. This study was established to assess and evaluate the serum prolactin level in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) patient.Methods: The present cross-sectional study consisted a total 70 patients, out of those 35 were having HE and the rest 35 had no clinical evidence of HE. Those patients without clinical evidence of HE but having cirrhosis of liver, acute viral hepatitis and normal healthy controls.Results: Serum prolactin levels of patients of cirrhosis of liver with hepatic encephalopathy ranged from 37.6-210.7 ng/ml with a mean of 73.63±43.85 ng/ml. In patients, Prolactin levels were found significantly high in cirrhosis of liver patients with HE then cirrhosis of liver without HE patients (p&lt;0.001). Level of serum prolactin in patients with hepatic encephalopathy with Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) ranged from 30.6-119.7 ng/ml with a mean of 71.24±26.87 ng/ml. The values obtained from these are significantly higher as compared to those in normal healthy controls and those in acute viral hepatitis (p&lt;0.001). Level of serum prolactin in patients of liver cirrhosis without hepatic encephalopathy ranged from 18.6-26.4 ng/ml with a mean of 21.48±2.43 ng/ml. These values are significantly higher than those found in normal healthy controls and those found in acute viral hepatitis (p&lt;0.001). Mortality rate was 70% in patients of cirrhosis of liver with HE.Conclusions: Serum prolactin levels (SPL) are significantly higher in patients with complications such as hepatic encephalopathy and higher the levels, greater the severity. Hence, we conclude that level of serum prolactin can be used as a useful prognostic marker in patients with cirrhosis of the liver as well as an early indicator of its complications.

Acute Ischaemic Stroke With Hyperprolactinemia:A Case Report

Background: Macroincidentalomas were reported in 0.2% of patient underwent imaging (CT scans) for central nervous symptoms (1). In acute ischaemic stroke with hyperprolactinemia, the diagnosis of a double pathology of ischemic stroke and sellar tumour especially prolactinoma need to be considered. Hyperprolactinemia itself may be considered as a risk factor for ischemic stroke due to its thrombogenic effect (3). Clinical Case: A 47-year old man underlying hypertension and diabetes mellitus for 5 years presented with sudden onset of right sided body weakness associated with facial asymmetry and aphasia. No history of fever or trauma. Asymptomatic of hyperprolactinemia previously. On general examinations Glasgow Coma Scale 11/15 Eye 4 Verbal 1 Motor 6, blood pressure was unstable with readings of systolic 244mmHg and diastolic 142mmHg. Neurological examinations showed expressive aphasia, right hemianopia, right facial nerve palsy and absence of gag reflex. Cerebellar signs were negative. Motor function examinations of right upper and lower limbs showed hypertonia, reduce power of 2/5, normal reflexes and up going plantar response. Sensory functions of right upper and lower limbs were reduced. Clinically diagnosed as stroke with hypertensive emergency. CT brain showed multiple hypodensities due to recent infarct and incidental finding of an aggressive sellar mass. MRI brain showed left Middle Cerebral Artery territory infarct and an aggressive sphenoid sinus mass with suprasellar and bilateral cavernous sinus extension possibility of a macroadenoma. Serum prolactin level showed markedly hyperprolactinemia (21146 ng/ml, n 4.04 – 15.2 ng/ml) which level of 500ng/ml or greater is diagnostic of a macroprolactinoma (2). FSH level (0.929 IU/L, n 1.5-12.4 IU/L) and LH level (1.11 IU/L, n 1.7-8.6 IU/L) were low in this patient due to suppression of GnRH secretion from hypothalamus by prolactin. Testosterone level (0.15 nmol/L, n 8.64-29.0 nmol/L) was low secondary to low LH. Serum cortisol, growth hormone and TSH were normal. Platelet count and coagulation profiles were normal. The patient was treated conservatively in ward for acute ischaemic stroke and later was started on dopamine agonist cabergoline for hyperprolactinemia. Conclusion: This is a case report of acute ischaemic stroke with markedly hyperprolactinemia secondary to incidentaloma macroprolactinoma. Reference: (1)Freda PU, Beckers AM, Katznelson L, et al. Pituitary incidentaloma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96 (4): 894-904.(2)Abha Majumdar and Nisha Sharma Mangal. Hyperprolactinemia. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2013 Jul-Sep; 6(3): 168–175.(3)Sankalp Kumar Tripathi, Pallavi Kamble, M.G. Muddeshwar. Serum Prolactin Level in Patients of Ischemic stroke. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2016; 3(12): 3459-3460.

Clinical significance of serum prolactin levels in patients with alopecia areata

Objectives To assess the value of elevated serum prolactin levels as a diagnostic marker in alopecia areata (AA). Background AA is characterized by areas of nonscarring hair loss that ranges from a single oval patch to multiple patches. Immunological, environmental, psychological, and genetic factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of AA. Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland that has a variety of physiological actions including growth promoting activity and exerts a proliferative effect on human keratinocytes. Prolactin may therefore play an important role in the pathogenesis of AA, through its immunomodulatory function. Several studies have shown that prolactin and AA are positively correlated. Patients and methods This case–control study was conducted on 50 patients: 25 AA patients and 25 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls during the period from November 2017 to March 2018. All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations. Serum prolactin levels were measured by chemiluminescence through an immunoassay-automated access 2 Beckman coulter. Results Serum prolactin levels were significantly elevated in AA patients (mean ± SD, 16.8 ± 2.3) compared with healthy controls (mean ± SD, 9.7 ± 3.00). There was significant positive correlation between serum prolactin level and size of the AA lesion (r = 0.661, P Conclusion Serum prolactin levels were higher in AA patients compared with healthy controls. The levels were correlated with clinical severity in patients with AA. Therefore, serum prolactin level can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for evaluating the clinical status of AA.

Effects of prolactin on the results of echocardiography and daily multichanel intraluminal impedans-pH-monitoring of the esophagus of patients with stable angina of effort and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the dynamics of treatment

Objective — to establish the effect of complex therapy with the addition of meldonium on the results of echocardio­graphy, daily multichanel intraluminal impedans-pH-monitoring (DMII-pH-M) of the esophagus and serum prolactin level in patients with stable angina of tension (SAT) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the conditions of comorbidity.Materials and methods. The study included 88 patients with SAT I—II FC with comorbid endoscopically positive GERD, which was divided into 2 groups: in group 1 (43 persons) received treatment: antiaggregant (clopidogrel), β-blocker (bisoprolol), statin (rosuvastatin), prolonged Nitric Oxide Donors donor and nitroglycerin in angina pectoris, proton pump inhibitor (rabeprazole), prokinetic (domperidone) and antacid as needed. Patients in group 2 (45 subjects) received basic therapy with SAT and GERD, with the exception of prokinetics and NO donors, only nitroglycerin, if necessary, and additionally meldonium capsules 500 mg 2 g/d for 30 days. Echocardiography, DMII-pH-M of the esophagus were performed in all patients enrolled in the study and serum levels of prolactin were determined before and at day 30 of treatment.Results and discussion. Blood serum of patients with SAT with comorbid GERD remains high when prokinetic is received and adversely affects the overall contractility of the myocardium of the left ventricle, esophagitis regression, confirmation is correlated0 (r = –0.73) between the serum PL level and emission fraction of left ventricle; MNBI (mean nocturnal baseline impedance) (r = –0.71) in group 1 and (r = –0.7) in group 2. Against the background of correction of baseline therapy for SAT and GERD with cancellation of prokinetic intake and, with additional prescription of meldonium, we observed a statistically significant (р &lt; 0.05) decrease in prolactin level (OR = 3.9609, 95 % CI 1.1761—13.3398, p &lt; 0.0263), decrease in total number of refluxes per day (OR = 14.1, 95 % CI 4.9739—40.2144, p &lt; 0.0001) (р &lt; 0.05), increase of PSPW (postreflux swallow induced peristaltic wave) (OR = 3.9, 95 % CI 1.5845—9.4767, p &lt; 0.003) (р &lt; 0.05), MNBI (р &lt; 0.05) and emission fraction of left ventricle (OR = 4.2, 95 % CI 1.4802—12.2029, p = 0.0072) (p &lt; 0.05), compared with group 1.Conclusions. The correction of the basic therapy of the SAT and GERD with the prokinetics’ cancellation and the additional use of meldonium resulted in the decrease of serum prolactin levels, which closely correlated with the main indicators of echocardiography and DMII-pH-M, manifesting in an increase in the general contractility of the left myocardium ventricle and lower esophageal sphincter, increasing of the kinetic function of the esophagus and improving the regenerative capabilities of its mucous membrane.

The Effect of Raloxifene on Serum Prolactin Level in Patients with Prolactinoma

Objective: To evaluate the effect of raloxifene on prolactin (PRL) levels in addition to dopamine agonist (DA) therapy in patients with prolactinoma. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 14 patients with prolactinoma on stable dose of DA for 6 months who received raloxifene 60 mg daily, as PRL could not be normalized despite being on fairly high doses of DA. Patients were informed that raloxifene is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for prolactinoma treatment. PRL level was measured at 1 to 6 months after starting raloxifene and at 1 to 3 months following its discontinuation. Raloxifene was stopped in 8 out of 14 patients after 2 (1 to 6) months of treatment as the absolute change in PRL level was felt to be small. Results: The median age and female/male sex ratios were 50 years (range 18 to 63 years), 6/8 respectively. The baseline DA dose was 3 mg/week (0.5 to 7 mg/week) for cabergoline and 15 mg/day for bromocriptine. Ten patients had an absolute and percentage decrease in PRL of 8.3 ng/mL (1.5 to 54.2 ng/mL) and 25.9% (8 to 55%) from baseline, respectively, after 1 to 6 months on raloxifene treatment. Among 10 patients with a decrease in PRL level, 2 (20%) achieved PRL normalization. Two patients had no change in PRL and two patients had an increase in PRL level by 22.8 ng/mL and 8.8 ng/mL (47% and 23.6%), respectively. Conclusion: Raloxifene was associated with a 25.9% (8 to 55%) decrease in PRL level in 10/14 (71%) patients with prolactinoma who were on stable doses of DA including 2 patients (14%) who achieved normoprolactinemia. Abbreviations: CV = coefficient of variation; DA = dopamine agonist; FSH = follicule-stimulating hormone; LH = luteinizing hormone; PRL = prolactin; PTTG = pituitary tumor transforming gene.

SERUM PROLACTINE LEVEL IN PATIENTS OF PSORIASIS VULGARIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin mediated by T-lymphocytes resulting in production of cytokines which cause hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. Several factors and hormones like Prolactin have an action similar to these cytokines in promoting the multiplication of keratinocytes and other cells like lymphocytes and epithelial cells may have a role on the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis.&#x0D; Aim:-The aim of study is to compare the serum Prolactin levels in patients of psoriasis with a control group.&#x0D; Setting and study design: This is a case-control study conducted in the department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy GMC, Kota over a period of 1year from July 2017 to June 2018&#x0D; Material and method: The study included 100 cases of psoriasis (60 males and 40 females) and 100 controls similar for age and sex. Serum Prolactin levels were measured by ECLIA and results were obtained.&#x0D; Statistical analysis: Mean and standard deviation were calculated for each variable. Statistical significance of the results was analyzed using correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient) and independent samples t-test.&#x0D; Statistical significance was assumed at p value&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Result: Serum Prolactin level was significantly higher in cases of psoriasis compared to controls (p-value &lt;0.001). PASI score and serum Prolactin levels were found to have a positive correlation (r value = 0.337; p-value: 0.001). No significant correlation was found between serum levels of Prolactin and duration of disease r value= -0.034, P value =0.733). Serum Prolactin level was higher in male patients compared to females patients.&#x0D; Conclusion:- High serum Prolactin may be a biological marker of disease severity in psoriasis and may have a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Further studies with large sample size are required to confirm this hypothesis.

Serum-prolactin levels in patients with vitiligo

Serum-prolactin levels in patients with vitiligo

Changes in serum prolactin level during intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and effect on clinical pregnancy rate: a prospective observational study

BackgroundTransient hyperprolactinemia was proven to adversely affect the outcome of IVF. We aimed to identify changes in serum prolactin levels in patients undergoing ICSI, and to evaluate the effect of these changes on the clinical pregnancy rate.MethodsA prospective observational study included 90 patients scheduled for ICSI cycles. In each case 4 serum samples were collected during the cycle (midluteal, before ovum pick up procedure (OPU), 2 h after OPU, and before embryo transfer). Serum prolactin level was determined by immunoassay each time.ResultsThe sample collected 2 h after OPU had a mean difference of 25.8 ± 2.8 ng/ml compared to the basal serum prolactin (p < 0.01). In comparison to other samples, this highlighted a significant hyperprolactinemia occurring after OPU, and resolving before embryo transfer. No statistically significant difference between the different serum prolactin samples amongst the pregnant and non pregnant patients. There was a significant positive pearson correlation between the prolactin levels before OPU, and the presence of higher quality embryos (r = 0.274, p = 0.019).ConclusionIn normoprolactinemic women transient hyperprolactinemia is identified in patients undergoing ICSI, and it doesn’t affect the clinical pregnancy rates. A positive correlation was identified between higher quality embryos, and serum prolactin level before OPU.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02292953, First received: November 10, 2014.

Level of serum prolactin in patients of hypothyroidism in Western Uttar Pradesh

Background: Hypothyroidism refers to a state that results in a deficiency of thyroid hormones, including hypothalamic or pituitary disease and generalized tissue resistant to thyroid hormone. Thyroid-releasing hormone can cause a rise in serum prolactin levels in patients of primary hypothyroidism. Objective: The objective of the study was to find the levels of serum prolactin in patients who are having hypothyroidism and to observe the relationship of prolactin with thyroid-stimulating hormone. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients coming to endocrinology clinic for thyroid-related problems were selected for the study and analyzed for their serum T3, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin levels by enzyme-linked fluorescent assay technique using Vidas autoanalyzer from Biomeriuex, France. Results: Prolactin level is high in the subclinical hypothyroid patients and hypothyroid patients as compared to euthyroid patients. Conclusion: In our study, it was seen that the levels of prolactin rise in relation to rising TSH level in hypothyroid patients.

Serum prolactin levels in atopic dermatitis and the relationship with disease severity.

Prolactin performs as a neuroendocrine modulator of skin epithelial cell proliferation and the skin immune system. The aim was to assess the serum prolactin levels in patients with atopic dermatitis and the relationship with disease severity. The study was performed on 46 patients with atopic dermatitis and 100 healthy controls aged between 0.5 years and 19.5 years. The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was based on clinical findings and the severity of the disease was documented. Venous blood sampling was performed in order to measure prolactin levels. Prolactin levels in atopic dermatitis were not different from controls and there was no relationship between the severity of atopic dermatitis and serum prolactin levels. Prolactin may not have a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Further studies with larger sample sizes and measurement of prolactin levels in the skin may help to understand the role of prolactin in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Receiving Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitor Monotherapy for 3 Months: A Prospective Study.

ObjectiveIt is unclear whether selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can significantly increase the prolactin level. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the prolactin level and the administration of SSRIs such as escitalopram and sertraline. An additional purpose was to determine whether the elevation of prolactin differs between escitalopram and sertraline treatment.MethodsSerum prolactin levels were measured at baseline and after 3 months in 23 patients who received SSRI monotherapy with escitalopram (n=18) (ESC group) or sertraline (n=5) (SERT group) for 3 months.ResultsThe prevalence of hyperprolactinemia at posttreatment was 34.8% (8/23). The overall pretreatment and posttreatment prolactin levels were 21.86±20.21 and 19.89±12.03 ng/mL (mean±SD), respectively, with ranges of 6.85–86.20 and 5.19–47.61 ng/mL. The pretreatment and posttreatment prolactin levels were 20.66±15.92 and 21.97±12.33 ng/mL, respectively, in the ESC group, and 26.18±33.75 and 12.43±7.76 ng/mL in the SERT group.ConclusionClinicians should be aware that hyperprolactinemia can appear in patients receiving escitalopram or sertraline, even though they do not need routine monitoring for prolactin levels.