Serum Progesterone Values Research Articles

Effect of Clomiphene Citrate on Fertility Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

This study aims to investigate the positive effect of Clomiphene Citrate (CC) in inducing ovulation in women with PCOS. Clomiphene Citrate is a non-steroidal drug that primarily affects estrogen production. CC also has pronounced effects on balancing of the female hormones, normal ovulation process, and overcoming the PCOS-based infertility issues. Hormonal profile evaluation including follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, and estrogen was performed at Clinical Laboratory, Services Hospital, Lahore. Serum volume of the aforementioned hormones were determined in PCOS-suffering infertile women (n=50) and healthy fertile women (n=50) by using a commercially available ELISA kit manufactured by Calbotech lnc. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone, and estrogen mean values in PCOS patients before the use of CC were evaluated as 5.74±0.939 (IU/L), 3.804±1.163 (IU/L), 2.098±1.233 (ng/ml), and (51.458±7.091 pg/ml respectively, while after management with CC the mean value of serum LH, FSH, Progesterone, and Estrogen were 3.716±0.513 (IU/L), 5.644±1.130 (IU/L), 10.704±2.313 ng/ml and 37.72±4.969 pg/ml respectively, which indicated a significant differences in hormonal pattern . The current study demonstrates that Clomiphene Citrate (CC) has positive effects in ovulation process in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), within the local population.

Value of Serum Estradiol, Progesterone and Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Prediction of 1st Trimester Miscarriage within 9 weeks of Gestation

Value of Serum Estradiol, Progesterone and Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Prediction of 1st Trimester Miscarriage within 9 weeks of Gestation

Low Dose hCG Support in Modified Natural Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles.

What is the effect of a single low-dose recombinant hCG injection after embryo transfer (ET) in letrozole-induced modified natural frozen embryo transfer cycles (mNC-FET)?. An observational study was conducted in the university-affiliated referral clinic between 2022 and 2024. Women aged 18-42 with at least one vitrified blastocyst obtained from the previous cycle(s) were included. Ovulation induction for endometrial preparation was initiated with oral letrozol (5mg/day) for five days. Ovulation was triggered using 6500IU rec hCG sc when the leading follicle > 17mm, endometrial thickness > 7.5mm, and serum progesterone (P) < 1.5ng/ml. All women received 30mg dydrogesterone/day po for additional five-day luteal support. On the 6th day, ET was performed. Based on a quasi-randomized design, a group of women additionally received a half single bolus of (3250IU) rec hCG (sc) on the morning of 3rd day of ET (hCG group). Women who did not receive additional hCG were assigned as controls.One hundred fifty-four women were detected to be eligible for the study among 2150 initiated FET cycles during the period.Demographic data of the groups, including mean women's age, BMI, serum AMH, and infertility etiologies, were comparable in terms of variables. Mean serum progesterone values and the number of transferred embryos were also similar. A significantly higher ongoing pregnancy/started cycle was documented in the hCG group than in controls (46.7% vs 33.6% respectively, p = 0.03*). A single low-dose hCG injection after ET may improve the OPRs of women in letrozole mNC-FET cycles.

Correlation of progesterone and activin A with pregnancy outcome following IVF/ICSI cycle

The association between the two hormones (progesterone and Activin A) in infertile women on the day of ova pick up and their relationship with pregnancy status in assisted reproductive programs are both poorly understood. To determine the correlation of progesterone and activin A on the day of ova pick up with pregnancy status of women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycle .The study was conducted on 80 infertile couples. The serum at day of ova pick up was collected. Serum progesterone and activin A analysis were done for all samples for activin A. Out of eighty infertile females twenty-five became pregnant (Pregnancy rate = 31%). Serum progesterone levels at days of oocytes pick up was significantly higher in pregnant females than nonpregnant (9.22 ± 0.54 vs. 4.47 ± 0.44; p &lt; 0.001). There was a significantly higher serum activin levels at day of oocytes pick up in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant (2.19 ± 0.04 vs. 1.52 ± 0.04; p &lt; 0.001). The cutoff value of serum progesterone at day of oocytes picks up was &gt; 7.5 ng/ml and the cut-off value of serum activin A at day of oocytes pick up was &gt; 1.85 ng/ml .Pregnant women had higher levels of the hormone progesterone and Activin A than non-pregnant women, which is significantly correlated. This result can be utilized to predicate the pregnancy status early in IVF Centers.

P-528 Intra-individual variability of serum progesterone level on the day of frozen blastocyst transfers in hormonal replacement therapy cycles

Abstract Study question Is there a significant intra-individual variability of serum progesterone level on the day of theHormone Replacement Therapy Frozen Embryo Transfer(HRT-FET) between two consecutive cycles? Summary answer No significant intra-individual variability of progesterone level measured the day of transfer was shown between two consecutive HRT-FET cycles. What is known already In frozen embryo transfer under HRT, a minimum P level around the day of embryo transfers necessary to optimize reproductive outcomes. Indeed, in a previous study, we have found that women with a serum P level ≤9.8ng/ml on the day of the single autologous blastocyst transfer had lower live birth rate. Moreover, some clinical factors have been described as influencing the P level on the day of the embryo transfer (i.e weight, gravidity, Ethnic origin,tobacco consumption…). Variations between patients raise the question of intra-individual variation in P measurement, in addition to the existence of inter-individual variation. Study design, size, duration We conducted an observational cohort study at the university-based reproductive medicine centre of our institution that focusing on women who underwent at least two consecutive single autologous HRT-FET of blastocyst, between January 2019 and March 2020. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients undergoing two consecutive single autologous blastocyst HRT-FET using exogenous estradiol and vaginal micronized progesterone for endometrial preparation were included.The serum progesterone level was measured in the morning of the FET, in a single laboratory. The two progesterone measurements performed the day of the first (FET1) and the second FET (FET2) were compared to evaluate the intra-individual variability of serum P.Paired statistical analyses were performed, as appropriate. Main results and the role of chance Two hundred and sixty-four patients undergoing two consecutive single autologous blastocyst HRT-FET were included. The mean age of the included women was 35.0 ±4.2 years old. No significant intra-individual variability was observed between FET 1 and FET2 (Mean progesterone level after FET1: 13.4±5.1ng/ml versus after FET 2: 13.9±5.0; p = 0.08).Characteristics of embryo transfers were similar between the first and the second FET. Forty-nine patients (18.6%) had discordant progesterone levels (defined as one progesterone measurement &amp;gt; and one ≤ to the threshold of 9.8ng/ml) between FET1 and FET2. 37/264(14%) women had a high intra-individual variability (defined as a difference in serum progesterone values &amp;gt;75 e percentile (6.0ng/ml)) between FET1 and FET2. No specific clinical parameter was associated with a high intra-individual variability nor a discordant P measurements. Limitations, reasons for caution This study is limited by its retrospective design. Likewise, only women who underwent autologous blastocyst HRT-FET with micronized vaginal P were included. Wider implications of the findings No significant intra-individual variability was showed and the serum progesterone level seems to be reproducible in more than 80% of case. This study suggests that the serum progesterone level measured the day of the first transfer could be used to individualize luteal phase support on subsequent cycles. Trial registration number not applicable

Effect of BMI on the value of serum progesterone to predict clinical pregnancy outcome in IVF/ICSI cycles: a retrospective cohort study.

Numerous research have investigated the predictor role of progesterone (P) level on the human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) trigger day of assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. However, the relationship of progesterone levels on hCG day to clinical pregnancy outcomes in IVF/ICSI cycles for patients with different BMI groups is still elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effects of progesterone elevation on triggering day on clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) of IVF/ICSI cycles in patients with different female BMI. We conducted a retrospective cohort study included 6982 normal-weight parents (18.5Kg/m2≤BMI<25Kg/m2) and 2628 overweight/obese patients (BMI≥25Kg/m2) who underwent fresh day 3 cleavage embryo transfer (ET) in IVF/ICSI cycles utilizing GnRH agonist to control ovarian stimulation. The interaction between BMI and P level on triggering day on CPRs was significant (p<0.001). The average level of serum P was reduced with the increase in maternal BMI. Serum P adversely affected CPR in distinct BMI groups. In the normal weight group, CPRs were decreasedas serum P concentrations gradually increased (p<0.001 for overall trend). The CPRs (lower than 65.8%) of progesterone level > 1.00 ng/ml on triggering day were significantly lower than that (72.4%) of progesterone level <0.5 ng/ml. In the overweight/obese group, CPRs showed a decrease statistically with progesterone levels of ≥2.00 ng/ml compared to progesterone levels of <0.5 ng/ml (51.0% VS. 64.9%, p=0.016). After adjusting for confounders, progesterone elevation (PE) negatively correlated with CPRs only in the normal weight group (OR: 0.755 [0.677-0.841], p<0.001), not in the overweight/obese group (p=0.063). Women with higher BMI exhibited a lower progesterone level on triggering day. Additionally, PE on hCG day is related to decreased CPRs in GnRH agonist IVF/ICSI cycles with cleavage embryo transfers regardless of women's BMI level (normal weight VS. overweight/obesity).

Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy and its Effect on Endocrine Hormones in Selected Patient Population.

To evaluate the impacts of long-term utilization of proton pump inhibitors on male reproductive hormones and its clinical outcomes. A cross-sectional study was performed in two out-patients gastroenterology clinics in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Male patients who were using proton pump inhibitors regularly for ≥3 months were enrolled in this study. Among 65 enrolled participants, patients with sexual complaints have significant variations in mean serum levels of prolactin (p<0.001), sex hormone binding globulins (p=0.043), total testosterone (p<0.001) and progesterone (p=0.001) as compared to patients without sexual complaints. Significantly high values of prolactin mean ranks were observed in patient with sexual complaints (p<0.001). There were statistically significant correlations of serum levels of sex hormone binding globulins (p=0.003), total testosterone (p=0.008) and progesterone (p<0.001) with serum prolactin levels. Similarly, statistically significant variation was observed for decreased libido(p=0.001), erectile dysfunction (p=0.001) and decreased semen mass ((p<0.001) between normal and hyperprolactinemic PPI users. Highly significant differences were observed in serum sex hormone binding globulins (p<0.001), total testosterone (p<0.001) and progesterone (p<0.001) values in normal and hyperprolactinemic groups. Long-term utilization of PPI may induce endocrine hormone disruption with subsequent sexual complications.

Predictive Value of Basal Serum Progesterone for Successful IVF in Endometriosis Patients: The Need for a Personalized Approach.

The data regarding the role of progesterone (P4) in reproductive events of endometriosis patients are limited. This prospective study aimed to examine the predictive value of basal P4 serum levels for successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) in patients with primary infertility and endometriosis. The study included 73 patients divided according to endometriosis treatment (surgery vs. control—no treatment). The general data, basal hormonal status, and pregnancy rates were determined for every patient. Clinical pregnancy was achieved in 40.3% of patients, and more often in patients treated for endometriosis before IVF. The regression analysis showed that higher basal P4 serum levels were associated with achieving pregnancy through IVF. When regression was adjusted for the patient and IVF characteristics, higher basal P4 serum levels were associated with pregnancy achievement in both groups of women, along with the basal serum levels of FSH, LH, and AMH; EFI score; and stimulation protocol. The ROC analysis showed that the basal P4 serum level for successful IVF should be ≥0.7ng/mL. The basal P4 serum level cut-off for IVF success in endometriosis patients was determined for the first time. Constructed models for IVF success prediction emphasize the importance of determining the basal P4 serum levels for the personalized treatment of endometriosis-related infertility.

Parámetros reproductivos y de fertilidad de ovejas en el trópico alto de Colombia

Two studies were conducted on sheep in the high tropics of Colombia to study reproductive and fertility parameters associated with animal growth in this ecological zone. In the first trial, 1,389 records were used to analyze, through descriptive statistics, the fertility parameters, the birth rate, and the yield per multiple births of three genetic groups of sheep: the native Criolla and Manchada Paramuna breeds, and they were compared with the imported race Blackface. In the second study, the duration of the estrous cycle was determined and serum progesterone values were determined during the estrous cycle in 19 Criolla x Romney Marsh crossbred ewes, in this experiment, five moments of the cycle were analyzed. The fertility rates found in the Criolla and Manchada Paramuna breeds were 73.1 and 72 %, respectively, and were higher than those of the Blackface sheep (65 %). Blackface ewes showed the highest incidence of multiple births (29 %) and Manchada Paramuna ewes had the highest birth rates (93.7 %). Criolla x Romney Marsh crossbred ewes recorded a mean duration of the estrous cycle of 17.8 d. The highest progesterone secretion (11.5 nmol/L) occurred on day 9 of the estrous cycle, while in the estrus phases, its value was 0.32 nmol/L. This study contributes to the knowledge of the reproductive aspects of Colombian native sheep

Anti-Mullerian hormone levels in spontaneous pregnancies with hyperemesis gravidarum

We investigated the serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), oestrogen and progesterone levels in spontaneously conceiving pregnant women, diagnosed for hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), in the first trimester. Pregnant women admitted at Hospital between 5 and 12 gestational weeks and treated for HG were compared, in this prospective case–control study, to a control group. The serum AMH, oestradiol, and progesterone values of both groups were evaluated and compared, and potential correlations were calculated. The serum AMH values were significantly higher in the HG group than the control group (3.15 ± 1.51 ng/mL vs. 2.27 ± 1.20 ng/mL; p = 0.012). No significant difference in the two groups was about serum oestradiol and progesterone values (p = 0.264, p = 0.235). In the HG group, there was no significant correlation between AMH and oestradiol (p = 0.570). However, a significant positive correlation was determined between AMH and progesterone (p = 0.050). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.669 and the cut-off value was 2.65 ng/ml with sensitivity of 58.3% and specificity of 66.7% for AMH in pregnant women with HG. A correlation between AMH high values and unexplained HG was detected in spontaneous pregnancies in the first trimester. High AMH levels may play a role in HG etiopathogenesis, especially in pregnant women with low progesterone levels. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Aetiological causes of Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) include hormonal, immunological, genetic, and psychological issues. However, no conclusive etiopathogenesis to explain the pathophysiological mechanism of HG has been stated. What do the results of this study add? Authors focussed on investigation a possible correlation between pregnant hormones and the HG pathogenesis, prevalent in the first trimester, when hormones are produced by either the placenta or corpus luteum. High anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels may play a role in HG etiopathogenesis, especially in pregnant women with low progesterone levels. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? A serum AMH level of ≥2.65 mg/mL could be predictive for the development of HG in the first trimester of a spontaneous pregnancy. Basing on these findings, more selective pharmacological treatments could be administrated to these patients.

A Study on Clinico-Pathological Profile of Breast Cancer Patients and Their Correlation With Uterine Fibroids Using Hormone Level and Receptor Status Assessment.

Purpose:To study the clinico-pathological profile of breast cancer patients and the prevalence of uterine fibroids in them, their hormonal levels and hormone receptor status.Patients and methods:52 patients with breast cancer who attended AIIMS Bhopal from November 2018 to January 2020 were selected, with their clinical details, triple assessment and other investigations for further management being performed and recorded. The presence of uterine fibroids was assessed using ultrasound of the abdomen, and for patients who had undergone hysterectomy, previous medical records were examined to ascertain the history of uterine fibroids. Serum levels of estrogen and progesterone were assessed using chemi-luminescent micro-particle immune assay (CMIA).Results:The mean age of patients was 50.35 ± 10.87 years. 36.54% of our patients had uterine fibroids, of whom 15.38% had undergone hysterectomy for the same, and 21.15% was detected on ultrasound of the abdomen during evaluation. Among patients with uterine fibroids, 84.2% were hormone receptor-positive, while in patients without uterine fibroids, only 57.6% had positive receptors. (P = 0.049). Among premenopausal patients, there was a statistically significant difference in serum progesterone values between patients with and without uterine fibroids.Conclusion:The prevalence of uterine fibroids in our study group of breast cancer patients was found to be high. The role of estrogen and progesterone in the pathophysiology of both diseases and the common risk factors involved may biologically explain this finding. Breast cancer and other estrogen associated disorders may hold future research prospects.

Predictive Values of Serum Progesterone, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and CA-125 for Pregnancy Outcomes of Threatened Abortion and Subchorionic Hematoma

Objective: We aimed to study the predictive values of serum progesterone (P), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and CA-125 for the pregnancy outcomes of threatened abortion complicated with subchorionic hematoma (SCH). Materials and methods: Sixty women with threatened abortion and SCH in 6-1 Oth gestational week, 60 with threatened abortion only and 60 healthy pregnant women were selected as groups A-C respectively. Levels of β-HCG, P, estradiol (E2) and CA-125 in peripheral venous blood were measured by chemiluminescence assay. Serum levels of INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. Results: Serum β-HCG, P, CA-125 and E2 levels of group A were significantly lower than those in group C (P&lt;0.05). Groups A and B had significantly higher INF-y, TNF-a and IL-2 levels but lower IL-4 and IL-10 ones than those of group C (P&lt;0.05).The hospitalization and vaginal bleeding times of group A were significantly longer than those of groups B and C (P&lt;0.05). The success rate of fetal protection, neonatal body weight and gestational age of groups A and B were significantly lower than those of group C (P&lt;0.05). Serum P, E2 and HCG levels were low in women with threatened abortion and SCH in early pregnancy, but CA-125 level was high, accompanied by increased INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 together with decreased IL-4 and IL-10. Conclusion: The onset and progression of SCH may be related to imbalance between T lymphocyte factors towards Th1 direction.

Impact of Plasmatic Progesterone on the Day of Frozen Embryo Transfer in Hormone-induced Cycles.

To establish a relationship between serum progesterone values on the day of frozen blastocyst transfer in hormone-replaced cycles with the probability of pregnancy, miscarriage or delivery. This was an ambispective observational study including all frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles performed at our department following in vitro fecundation from May 2018 to June 2019. The outcomes evaluated were β human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)-positive pregnancy and delivery. Groups were compared according to the level of serum progesterone on the day of embryo transfer: the 1st quartile of progesterone was compared against the other quartiles and then the 2nd and 3rd quartiles against the 4th quartile. A total of 140 transfers were included in the analysis: 87 with β-HCG > 10 IU/L (62%), of which 50 (36%) delivered and 37 had a miscarriage (42%). Women with lower progesterone levels (< 10.7ng/mL) had a trend toward higher β-HCG-positive (72 versus 59%; p > 0.05), lower delivery (26 versus 39%; p > 0.05) and higher miscarriage rates (64 versus 33%; p < 0.01). Comparing the middle quartiles (P25-50) with those above percentiles 75, the rate of pregnancy was similar (60 versus 57%; p > 0.05), although there was a trend toward a higher number of deliveries (43 versus 31%; p > 0.05) and a lower number of miscarriages (28 versus 45%; p > 0.05). These differences were not statistically significant. There were no differences in pregnancy and delivery rates related with the progesterone level when measured in the transfer day. The miscarriage rate was higher in the 1st quartile group.

New concepts and difficulties with progesterone supplementation in the luteal phase.

Management of the luteal phase (LP) in assisted reproductive cycles has aroused interest in recent years. The reason is that it seems that the individualization of LP support may be necessary, since the concept of 'one size fits all' does not apply to this treatment. Studies carried out in hormone replacement therapy cycles (also called artificial cycles) have shown that serum levels of progesterone (P) are related to pregnancy outcomes. This represents a milestone in the management of artificial cycles (AC), because until a few years ago it was believed that serum levels did not really reflect the effectiveness of P, which is why they were neglected. However, it is not as straightforward as it seems, because the interpretation of serum progesterone values will depend on the type of progesterone used and its route of administration. Likewise, the findings observed in AC are not applicable to what occurs in a fresh transfer cycle after ovarian stimulation or an embryo transfer in the context of a natural cycle. In this manuscript, we will summarize the current situation in LP management.

The value of serum progesterone level on day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration / metaphase II oocyte ratio in predicting IVF/ICSI outcome in patients with normal ovarian reserve

BackgroundThe clinical implication of the increased serum progesterone level on the day of HCG administration in assisted reproduction treatment (ART) is still controversial. The current study aimed to compare the predictive value of serum progesterone on day of HCG administration / metaphase II oocyte (P/MII) ratio on IVF/ ICSI outcome to serum progesterone (P) level alone and the ratio of serum progesterone/estradiol level (P/E2) ratio in prediction of pregnancy rates after ART.Material & methodsTwo hundred patients admitted to the IVF/ICSI program at Minia IVF center in Egypt in the period from October 2016 to May 2018 were included in this study. Serum Progesterone (P) and Estradiol (E2) levels were estimated on the day of HCG administration. The ratio between serum P and the number of MII oocytes (P/MII ratio) was calculated and the predictive values of the three parameters (P, P/E2 ratio and P/MII ratio) in prediction of cycle outcomes were measured.ResultsP/ MII oocyte ratio was significantly lower in patients who attained clinical pregnancy (n = 97) as compared with those who couldn’t whilst there was no significant difference in P and P/E2 ratio between the two groups. Using a cut off value of 0.125, the sensitivity and specificity of progesterone/ MII ratio in prediction of no pregnancy in IVF/ICSI were 75.7 and 77.1% respectively with the area under The Receiver operating curve (ROC-AUC) = 0.808. The respective values of the ROC-AUC for the P and P/E2 ratio were 0.651 and 0.712 with sensitivity and specificity of 71.2 and 73.5%for P level and of 72.5 and 75.3% for P/E2 ratio. Implantation or clinical pregnancy rates were significantly different between patients with high and low P/MII ratio irrespective of day of embryo transfer (day 3 or 5).ConclusionsIn patients with normal ovarian response, serum progesterone on day of HCG / MII oocyte ratio can be a useful predictor of pregnancy outcomes and in deciding on freezing of all embryos for later transfer instead of high progesterone level alone.

Gestational age-specific normative values and determinants of serum progesterone through the first trimester of pregnancy

Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is critical for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy, and low levels are associated with higher miscarriage risk. However, little is known about its trajectory during early pregnancy. We sought to determine the gestational age-specific normative values of serum progesterone on a week-by-week basis, and its associated maternal and fetal factors, during the first trimester of a viable low-risk pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital from 2013 to 2018. 590 women with a single viable intrauterine low-risk pregnancy, between gestational weeks 5 and 12, were recruited. Serum progesterone showed an increasing trend during the first trimester, with a transient decline between gestational weeks 6–8, corresponding to the luteal–placental shift. Lowest levels were seen at week 7. Maternal age, BMI, parity, gestational age and outcome of pregnancy at 16 weeks’ gestation were found to be associated with progesterone levels. Normative values of serum progesterone for low-risk pregnancies would form the basis for future work on pathological levels of serum progesterone that may increase risk of miscarriage. Larger studies are required to validate these normative values, and personalize them to account for maternal age, BMI, parity and gestational age.

The Predictive Value of Serum Progesterone and Estrogen Recepters as Diagnostic Tool for Premature Ovarian Failure

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a delicate medical problem in young women. Thiscondition is not unchangeable and permanent but is associated with intermittent and unpredictable ovarianactivity, resulting in low conception rate. Over the period of 8 years, the evaluation of secondary amenorrheawas conducted in 90 patients below the age of 40 who wished to restore fertility and is characterized byirregular or absent periods and reduced fertility. Symptoms include those associated with the naturalmenopause (night sweats and vaginal dryness), and with the long-term adverse effects of estrogen deficiency(osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease): The latter is believed to explain the shorter life expectancyassociated with POI.Aim: To illustrate the predictive value of progesterone receptors (PRs), estrogen receptors (ERs), progesterone(PRG), estradiol (E2), Lulilizing hormones (LH), Follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) and Anti mullerianhormones (AMH) serum levels as diagnostic approach for POI.Method: Sixty (60) women with idiopathic POF with thirty (30) women as control groups were includedin the study. Baseline investigation in all subjects included serum progesterone receptors(PRs), estrogenreceptors(ERs), progesterone (PRG), estradiol (E2), Lulilizing hormones (LH), Follicle stimulatinghormones (FSH) and Anti mullerian hormones (AMH) levels were estimated using appropriate assays inbiochemistry laboratory.Results: There was statistically significant differences in the serum progesterone receptors, estrogenreceptors, progesterone, estradiol, LH, FSH and AMH in POI cases when compared with healthy control(P=&lt;0.05).Conclusion: These results indicate that serum progesterone and estrogen receptors levels, is high in POI casesas a result of lack progesterone and estradiol hormones as a result of loss negative feedback inhibition,thisresult may be used to primary diagnosis of premature ovarian failure.

Effect of Individualized Progesterone Supplementation for Luteal Support in Frozen-Thawed Cycles on Pregnancy Outcomes

Objective: In frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles, preparing a synchronous endometrium for the embryo is essential. Aim of this study is to provide individualized luteal support in hormonally replaced FET cycles, and to evaluate mid-luteal serum progesterone levels and pregnancy outcomes.Study Design: In this prospective cohort study, 30 patients were included in a university hospital in six month-period. Serum progesterone level on embryo transfer day was monitored, and if it was found to be below the lower limits defined by previous studies (10 ng/mL), additional 100 mg intramuscular micronized progesterone was administered once.Mid-luteal progesterone levels and pregnancy outcomes were recorded.Results: There was no significant difference between mid-luteal progesterone levels of the patients whose transfer day progesterone was above and below 10 ng/mL (p=0.481). Although clinical pregnancy rate tended to be higher in patients whose mid-luteal progesterone was above 10 ng/mL, it was also not statistically significant.Conclusion: This is the first study in which vaginal progesterone treatment was supported by intramuscular progesterone according to serum progesterone values for the purpose of individualized progesterone support. Significant difference was not found in pregnancy outcomes. However, further studies are required to optimize management and improve pregnancy rates in hormonally treated FET cycles.

Novel insights on premature progesterone elevation: a mini-review

In vitro fertilization (IVF) success involves ovarian stimulation with conventional or mild stimulation protocols aimed to yield an adequate number of mature oocytes. These oocytes can be further fertilized and generate good quality embryos to be transferred, ideally in the same cycle. Since 2013, following the results of a meta-analysis including more than 60,000 IVF cycles, the negative effects of premature progesterone elevation on reproductive outcomes have been demonstrated. Nowadays, evidence is emerging on the limited regulation on serum progesterone values, demonstrating significantly lower live birth rates in patients with either low (<0.5ng/ml) late follicular phase progesterone or higher levels decreasing sharply. This review discusses and summarizes the different mechanisms of progesterone elevation and its impact on IVF treatments. Different approaches to diminish the impact of progesterone on fertility outcomes are also addressed.

Impact of Serum Progesterone Value on Embryo Transfer Timing, and Pregnancy Rate

The impact of progesterone on pregnancy and supporting embryo implantation prior embryo transfer in IVF treatment have been well studied and several studies proved and demonstrated the positive impact of P4 on pregnancy. However, this impact can be influenced by various factors such as timing of P4 administration and P4 dosage. Moreover, there are different types of P4 administration such as oral and vaginal P4 supplementation, which can alter the impact of P4 on pregnancy rate. This literature article discusses the function of progesterone, the effect of P4 on embryo transfer and the optimal level of serum before embryo transfer.