Serum Native Thiol Levels Research Articles

Native Thiol, Total Thiol, and Dynamic Disulfide Profile in Patients with Gastrointestinal System Cancer

This study aims to evaluate the use of serum native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), and dynamic disulfide (DD) levels as biomarkers in patients with gastrointestinal system (GIS) cancer with different cancer types by comparing with healthy controls. A total of 108 subjects consisting of68 patients with GIS cancer and 40 healthy individuals as a control group were included in the study. Serum NT, TT, and DD levels were measured by an automated method developed by Erel. There was a statistically significant difference between NT levels of GIS cancer and the control group (P = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between male and female patients in terms of serum NT levels (P = 0.08). Similarly, no significant difference was observed when comparing serum NT levels among GIS cancer types (P = 0.886). The serum TT levels were statistically significant difference (P = 0.013) in GIS cancer, 141.82 ± 48.24 μmol/l (12.7-243.9) compare to the control group, 166.03 ± 56.23 μmol/l (12.7-326.8). When the serum TT and DD levels of the patients were compared according to gender, no significant difference was found (P = 0.243 and P = 0.362, respectively). In addition, the TT levels were not significantly difference among GIS malignancies (P = 0.765). When the patient and control groups were compared in terms of DD levels, no statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.378). In conclusion, it was determined that some parameters differ statistically between patients with GIS cancer and healthy controls. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between the thiol/disulfide balance with GIS cancer. This result suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in the development of the GIS cancer, consistent with the findings in this study, but not in terms of DD levels.

Analysis of thiol/disulphide homeostasis and oxidant-antioxidant status as a result of exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields

ABSTRACT The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of daily long-term radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMFs) exposure on thiol/disulphide homeostasis and oxidant-antioxidant status in the serum of rats. Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two equal groups (n = 7). They were grouped as group 1 (sham-control) and group 2 (2100 MHz exposed). Group 2 rats were exposed to GSM-like signals for 5 h/day, 7 days per week for 14 days. In serum of blood samples, the native, total and native/total thiol levels and antioxidant-oxidant parameters were analyzed. The study revealed that the mean serum total thiol levels of GSM exposure group was rather higher than sham-control group (p = 0,219); the mean serum native thiol levels of GSM exposure group was rather higher than sham-control group (p = 0,416), and the mean serum disulphide levels of GSM exposure group was rather higher than sham-control group (p = 0,566). On the other hand, the mean serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of GSM exposure group were higher than sham-control group. There are no data in the literature, that examine the effects of RF-EMFs on thiol/disulphide homeostasis. The results of this study, indicate that RF-EMFs did not cause oxidative stress and statistically changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis. More sample sizes and longer-term exposures are needed to confirm the results of this study.

Evaluation of thiol disulphide levels in patients with pulmonary embolism

Abstract Objectives Maintaining the thiol-disulphide balance is essential for antioxidant defense and apoptosis. The study aimed to evaluate of thiol-disulphide levels in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods The study included a total of 97 participants: 48 patients and 49 healthy individuals. Serum native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT) and disulphide (DS) levels (µmol/L) were measured using the novel spectrophotometric method. Results We found significantly lower levels of NT (195.44±83.3 μmol/L), DS (20.42±9.20 μmol/L) and TT (236.26±90.66 μmol/L) in patients with PE compared with the healthy controls (304.42±62.13, 24.33±8.09 and 353.07±63.58 μmol/L respectively). Patients with PE had lower serum albumin levels (3.11±1.03 g/dL) and higher ischaemia modified albumin (IMA) levels (0.82±0.16 g/dL) compared with the controls (3.89±0.52 and 0.67±0.15 g/dL, respectively). Serum albumin levels in patients were strongly correlated with plasma IMA (r=−0.737; p<0.001), NT (r=0.786; p<0.001) and TT levels (r=0.841; p<0.001). Serum NT levels were strongly correlated with serum TT levels (r=0.981; p<0.001) in patients. Conclusions This study found lower TT, NT and DS levels in patients with PE than in the control group. Our study revealed that thiol-disulphide homeostasis could be altered during PE and further studies are needed to be used as prognostic markers for hospital mortality.

Dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

In addition to the genetic complexity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), there must be other disease-modifying factors that contribute to its highly variable clinical and phenotypic expression. The authors aimed to investigate serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis as aproxy for oxidative stress using anovel automated assay in patients with HCM. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 119 patients with HCM and 52 without HCM. The methods used to measure dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis as calorimetric and duplex quantities were developed in 2014. Median serum native thiol levels were significantly lower in patients with HCM than in those without (312.5 μmol/L [285-370 μmol/L] vs 421 μmol/L [349-469.5 μmol/L]; p < 0.001). Serum total thiol levels and disulphide levels were considerably lower than those in the control group ([844.68 ± 195.99 μmol/L vs 1158.92 ± 243.97 μmol/L; p < 0.001], [259.13 ± 65.66 μmol/L vs 375.02 ± 79.99 μmol/L; p < 0.001], respectively). Serum disulphide/native thiol ratios and disulphide/total thiol ratios were significantly lower in HCM patients than in controls (0.80 ± 0.09 vs 0.92 ± 0.05; p < 0.001 and 0.31 [0.30-0.32] vs 0.32 [0.32-0.33]; p < 0.001). Finally, reduced thiol ratios were higher and oxidized thiol ratios were significantly lower in patients with HCM than in controls. Despite the fact that antioxidant capacity was impaired, the extracellular environment remained in areducing state by keeping serum disulphide/native thiol ratios low. Therefore, the authors speculate that HCM may behave similarly to tumours with respect to serum thiol-disulphide levels.

Serum thiol levels and thiol/disulphide homeostasis in gunshot injuries.

Gunshot injuries result in serious traumatic tissue damage due to high velocity of the bullet, deep penetration, and ballistic effect. Trauma is known to be related with oxidative stress. Serum thiol levels and disulphide/thiol homeostasis are novel oxidative stress biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to investigate serum thiol levels and disulphide/thiol homeostasis in injury patterns of patients admitted to the emergency department with a gunshot injury. A total of 128 participants were included in the study. The participants were divided into two groups: the patient group (Group 1; n = 73) and healthy controls (Group 2; n = 55). Native thiol, total thiol, disulphide levels, disulphide/native thiol, disulphide/total thiol, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured. The Revised Trauma Scale (RTS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were calculated. Native thiol, total thiol, and disulphide levels were significantly lower in Group 1 (p < 0.001). Disulphide/native thiol ratio, disulphide/total thiol ratio, and NLR were significantly higher in Group 1, compared to Group 2 (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between thiol levels and RTS and GCS scores and NLR. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that native thiol was an independent indicator of RTS and GCS scores. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed that serum native thiol levels of ≤ 342.9 could predict gunshot injury with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 77% (area under the curve = 0.853; 95% confidence interval 0.783-0.924). Our study results suggest that thiol-disulphide homeostasis is disrupted in patients sustaining gunshot injuries, and thiol levels decrease in correlation with the severity of trauma with a high sensitivity and specificity. As the level of native thiol is an independent predictor of the severity of trauma, reduced thiol levels may be of prognostic value in the early assessment of patients in the emergency room.

Thiol/disulphide homeostasis in bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder (BD) patients have increased oxidative stress, which can disturb thiol/disulphide homeostasis, causing disulphide formation. The aim of the study is to investigate dynamic thiol/disulphide (SH/SS) homeostasis in BD patients, which is a novel evaluation method of oxidative status. Ninety-four BD patients (50 in the manic episode and 44 in remission) and 44 healthy controls were included in the study. Blood serum native thiol (SH) and total thiol (ToSH) concentrations were measured in a paired test. The half value of the difference between native thiol and total thiol concentrations was calculated as the disulphide (SS) bond amount. Serum native thiol levels of the mania group were found to be lower than the remission and the control groups. There was a significant difference between the remission group and the control group in terms of native thiol. Serum total thiol level was lower in mania group than the control group. Detection of oxidative molecules for BD could be helpful, especially in treatment, follow-up periods and reducing morbidity. The results of our study besides the data available in the literature support that thiol and disulphide levels are useful markers for BD and promising therapeutic targets in terms of future pharmacological modulation.

Tanısal Egzersiz Elektrokardiyografi Testi Yapılan Hastalarda Serum Tiyol Disulfid Dengesi ve Endokan Düzeyleri

Introduction: Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Parameters derived from exercise electrocardiography (ECG) test, such as Duke treadmill score and heart rate recovery (HRR), have prognostic importance and can be used to predict cardiovascular risk. Endocan and thiol/disulfide homeostasis are emerging biomarkers that reflect the inflammatory and oxidative status. The aim of this study was to investigate serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis and endocan levels in an exercise ECG testing patient cohort and to evaluate the association of these markers with Duke treadmill score and HRR. Patients and Methods: Patients who underwent diagnostic exercise ECG test were divided into two groups according to Duke treadmill score and HRR. Serum endocan levels and thiol/disulfide homeostasis were compared between high and low/intermediate Duke treadmill score groups and blunted and normal HRR groups. Results: Serum endocan levels were similar between the groups according to Duke treadmill score and HRR. Thiol/disulfide ratio was significantly lower in patients with blunted HRR than in those with normal HRR. Serum native thiol levels, total thiol levels, and total thiol/disulfide ratio were significantly elevated in patients with a high Duke treadmill score than in those with low/intermediate Duke treadmill score. Native thiol levels and total thiol levels were significantly correlated with Duke treadmill score. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that hypertension and diabetes were independent predictors of blunted HRR, whereas hypertension and low endocan levels were those of low/intermediate Duke treadmill score. Conclusion: Serum thiol levels are correlated with Duke treadmill score, and low endocan levels are associated with low/intermediate Duke treadmill score.

Evaluation of thiol-disulphide homeostasis in radiation workers

Purpose: To evaluate thiol-disulphide homeostasis – a novel, easily calculated, readily available, and relatively cheap oxidative stress marker – in radiation workers and compare the results with healthy controls.Materials and methods: A total of 108 participants were enrolled in the study including 63 hospital workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in the units of interventional radiology, interventional cardiology and nuclear medicine. A control group consisted of 45 individuals staff in the same hospital. Serum thiol-disulphide homeostasis measurement was investigated via the spectrophotometric method newly described by Erel and Neşelioğlu.Results: The mean serum native thiol levels of radiation workers (528.96 ± 86.42 μmol/l) was significantly lower than control subjects (561.05 ± 104.83 μmol/l) (p = .045). The mean serum total thiol levels of radiation workers (547.70 ± 91.50 μmol/l) was lower than control subjects (580.36 ± 112.24 μmol/l). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between total thiol of exposed workers and controls.Conclusions: The results show that long-term low dose ionizing radiation may lead to oxidative stress and have side-effects in antioxidant thiol groups. We may suggest supporting radiation workers by safe antioxidant nutritional formulations and following up via both physical dosimetry and biodosimetric methods.

A novel tool reflecting the role of oxidative stress in the cataracts: thiol/disulfide homeostasis

We investigated serum and aqueous humor thiol/disulfide (T-D) homeostasis in patients with cataracts versus healthy controls. In total, 56 patients with cataracts and 49 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Serum total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), and disulfide (DS) concentrations were determined using a novel automated measurement method. Additionally, DS/TT, DS/NT and NT/TT percentage ratios were compared between the groups. In comparison with the control group, serum NT levels and aqueous humor TT and NT levels were significantly lower (p < .05, p < .05 and p < .001, respectively), whereas serum and aqueous humor DS levels were significantly higher in cataract patients (p < .01 and p < .001). DS/TT and DS/NT ratios were significantly higher and the NT/TT ratio was lower in cataract patients in serum (p < .005) and aqueous humor samples (p < .001). In conclusion, serum T-D homeostasis may be useful as biochemical markers, indicating the role of oxidative stress in the development of cataracts. Further studies are needed to confirm the pathophysiological role of T-D homeostasis in cataractogenesis.

Thiol/disulfide homeostasis as a novel indicator of oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

The aim of the present study was to assess thiol/disulfide (SS) homeostasis as a novel indicator of oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on oxidative parameters. Prospective clinical study. A total of 104 subjects, 44 in an OSA group and 60 in two control groups (control simple snoring group, control OSA group) were included. The levels of parameters were measured using the Erel and Neselioglu method in patients with moderate or severe OSA before and after CPAP therapy. The serum native thiol (SH) and total SH levels as well as the %SH/total SH ratio were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in OSA patients compared to controls, and the SS level and %SS/SH and %SS/total SH ratios were significantly higher (P < 0.05). After CPAP therapy, the native SH level and %SH/total SH ratio were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than before CPAP therapy, and the SS level and %SS/SH and %SS/total SH ratios were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Significant negative correlations were evident between the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and the native SH level and %SH/total SH ratio (P < 0.05) before CPAP therapy; and significant positive correlations were seen between the AHI and the %SS/SH and %SS/total SH ratios but not with the SS level. We found that oxidative stress was increased and CPAP therapy had a positive effect in patients with moderate or severe OSA. 3b. Laryngoscope, 127:E244-E250, 2017.

Maternal serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis in pregnancies complicated by neural tube defects: report of a preliminary study

Objective: To determine and evaluate the maternal serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis in pregnancies complicated by neural tube defects (NTD) via a novel method.Methods: Seventy-three pregnant women with NTD (study group) and seventy-one healthy control pregnant women (control group) were included in the study. A new and fully automated method was used to measure plasma native thiol, total thiol and disulfide levels, based on the reduction of dynamic disulfide bonds to functional thiol groups by sodium borohydrate.Results: The study and control groups were gestational age-matched. There were no statistical differences in demographic variables regarding age, gravidity, parity and body mass index. The serum native thiol levels (–SH) were 360.5 ± 50.3 and 353.3 ± 31.0 μmol/l in study and control groups, respectively, which was not statistically different (p = 0.308). The native thiol/total thiol, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Our preliminary results show that maternal serum thiol/disulfide homeostatis does not change in pregnancies complicated by NTD. Larger further studies are required to evaluate the relation of oxidative stress and development of NTD.