Serum Lipid Profile Parameters Research Articles

Combined sulforaphane and β-sitosterol mitigate olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders in rats: Insights on FOXO, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT3, and MAPK signaling pathways

One of the best antipsychotics for treating schizophrenia and bipolar disorders is olanzapine (OLA). However, its use is restricted owing to unfavorable adverse effects as liver damage, dyslipidemia, and weight gain. The primary objective of the present investigation was to examine the signaling mechanisms that underlie the metabolic disruption generated by OLA. Besides, the potential protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) and β-sitosterol (βSS) against obesity and metabolic toxicity induced by OLA were inspected as well. A total of five groups of male Wistar rats were established, including the control, OLA, SFN+OLA, βSS+OLA, and the combination + OLA groups. Hepatic histopathology, biochemical analyses, ultimate body weights, liver function, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. In addition to the relative expression of FOXO, the signaling pathways for PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT3, and MAPK were assessed as well. All biochemical and hepatic histopathological abnormalities caused by OLA were alleviated by SFN and/or βSS. A substantial decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), proinflammatory cytokines, serum lipid profile parameters, hepatic MDA, TBIL, AST, and ALT were reduced through SFN or/and βSS. To sum up, the detrimental effects of OLA are mediated by alterations in the Akt/FOXO3a/ATG12, Ras/SOS2/Raf-1/MEK/ERK1/2, and Smad3,4/TGF-β signaling pathways. The administration of SFN and/or βSS has the potential to mitigate the metabolic deficit, biochemical imbalances, hepatic histological abnormalities, and the overall unfavorable consequences induced by OLA by modulating the abovementioned signaling pathways.

Effect of Vitamin C on Blood Glucose Levels, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, and Serum Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study

Abstract Background: Vitamin C reduces oxidative stress as well as prevents nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins because of its structural similarity to glucose. This prospective study was conducted to investigate the impact of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control and serum lipid profile in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: Adult patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, diagnosed with T2DM within the last 3 months, with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels exceeding 126 mg/dL, were randomly assigned to either control group (n = 98) or study group (n = 102). The study group received oral vitamin C (1 g/day) in addition to metformin 500 mg twice daily, while the control group received metformin 500 mg twice daily alone. Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, and comorbidities, were recorded. The parameters FBG, postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum lipid profile were measured at baseline and at the 12th week. Results: Both the control and study groups experienced significant reductions in FBG, PPBG, and HbA1c levels after 12 weeks. However, the study group exhibited greater improvements, with FBG decreasing by 22.42 ± 2.7 mg/dL (P < 0.05), PPBG decreasing by 33.25 ± 4.9 mg/dL (P < 0.05), and HbA1c decreasing by 1.33 ± 0.3 g% (P < 0.05). Additionally, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in serum lipid profile parameters, with the study group showing more significant improvements in high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels compared to the control group. Conclusion: Vitamin C supplementation as an adjuvant therapy with metformin for 12 weeks produces beneficial effects in T2DM patients, including improved glycemic control and significant improvement in the lipid profile.

Evaluation of lipid profile in patients with cherry angioma: A case–control study in Iraqi patients

Abstract Background: Cherry angioma (CA) is a common lesion among adults and elderly people. Both CA and dyslipidemia have vital common areas, such as their effect on elderly people at a certain age and their interaction with the vascular system. Therefore, we have found it to be an interesting topic for our research to investigate the connection between CA and dyslipidemia. Objectives: The motivation of this project is to investigate the association between CA and dyslipidemia among a sample of Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: A total number of 104 Iraqi people were selected (39 male and 65 female); 52 of them were affected with CA, and the other 52 were healthy controls. For the purpose of assessing lipid profile, we used Beckman Coulter/Olympus—AU480 Chemistry Analyser was used in measuring fasting serum lipid profile parameters, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (Tch), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Results: The results showed a significant difference between patients with CA and control subjects in TG, CHOL, and LDL. The mean levels of the TG, total CHOL, and LDL were significantly higher in cases with CA compared to a group of controls, in which the differences were significant for TG, total CHOL, and LDL (P-value = 0.000). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean level of HDL (P-value = 0.059). additionally, there was no significant difference in levels of lipid value regarding ages and sex distribution between patients with CA and controls (P-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on its outcomes, the study proposed that dyslipidemia could play a vital role in the pathogenesis of CA lesions. Hence, dyslipidemia treatments may represent an effective means for CA therapy.

Antidiabetic Studies of Cnestis ferruginea Ethanolic Root Extract in Wistar Rats

The need to develop new and affordable antidiabetic drugs with minimal side effects is a growing area of research interest. The medicinal plant Cnestis ferruginea DC has diverse pharmacological applications. Its leaves and roots are used for the treatment of diabetes by traditional healers. As a result, the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of C. ferruginea (EECF) roots was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The influence of EECF (200 and 400 mg/kg bw) was studied for three weeks, with glibenclamide as a positive control. The phytochemical screening of EEFC was also performed. Like glibenclamide, treatment with EECF caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in diabetic rats. A significant (p < 0.05) alteration in serum lipid profile parameters, kidney and liver function parameters, as well as oxidative stress markers in kidney and liver tissues, was observed in diabetic control rats relative to the normal control ones. But the treatment of diabetic rats with EEFC resulted in significant (p < 0.05) restoration of these parameters to a near-normal level. The phytochemical analysis of EEFC showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phlobatannins, saponins and tannins. Thus, the results offer proof to support the traditional use of C. ferruginea roots in the treatment of diabetes. The antidiabetic activity of EEFC may be due to its phytoconstituents.

Influence of coffee consumption on serum lipid profile parameters: Can coffee consumption lead to health consequences in humans?

Coffee consumption is a prevalent daily practice worldwide, and coffee is known to contain a variety of chemical compounds that can impact human health. This study aims to examine the influence of coffee consumption on serum lipid profile. To achieve this, a total of 109 participants from the Jordanian population were recruited for this study, spanning from April 2022 to September 2022. Of these, 90 individuals were regular coffee consumers, while 19 individuals served as a healthy control group by abstaining from coffee consumption. Venous blood samples were collected from participants and subjected to serum lipid profile analysis using an automated biochemistry analyzer. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in age (48 ± 6 years vs. 45 ± 7 years) and body mass index (27.9 ± 5.9 kg/m2 vs. 27.3 ± 5.2 kg/m2) between the group of coffee consumers and the non-coffee consuming control group. However, a significant increase was observed in the mean serum lipid levels of triglycerides (229.6 ± 7.87 mg/dL vs. 187.6 ± 5.43 mg/dL), total cholesterol (235.9 ± 17.83 mg/dL vs. 228 ± 8.75 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (144.6 ± 5.97 mg/dL vs. 137.8 ± 7.18 mg/dL), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (45.8 ± 1.58 mg/dL vs. 37.5 ± 1.43 mg/dL) in the coffee-consuming group compared to the non-coffee consuming group (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was observed that the serum total cholesterol level in Turkish coffee consumers (235.7 ± 17.83 mg/dL) was lower compared to instant coffee consumers (237 ± 6.82 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). This study also found that serum lipid abnormalities in the coffee-consuming group is associated with the frequency and the long-term coffee consumption. In conclusion, this study suggests that coffee consumption may elevate the risk of serum lipid abnormalities among adults in Jordan, potentially increasing the susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases.

The role of dietary chia seed powder in modulating cold stress-related impacts in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Two months feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the role of chia seed powder (CSP) enriched diets in improving Oreochromis niloticus tolerance to cold thermal stress. A total of 200 Nile tilapia fish were divided into 5 experimental groups with 4 replicates (10 fish/ replicate). Experimental groups were fed on the basal diet (BD) supplemented with CSP at levels 0.0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 g/ kg diet and reared at 16–19 °C temperature range. Fish growth performance (final weight, total gain, and specific growth rate) was linearly increased with increasing dietary CSP supplementation (linear, P < 0.0001) along with improved FCR compared to the control. The highest survival rate was recorded in tilapia which received 6 g chia /kg diet. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) % of fish whole body were increased (linear response, P = 0.009, P < 0.0001, respectively), while ash and crude lipids % were reduced in CSP-supplemented tilapia (linear, P = 0.0008, P = 0.0186, respectively). A linear increase in red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) counts and hemoglobin (P < 0.0001) of fish was also achieved with increasing chia level. The serum lipid profile parameters, glucose and cortisol levels in Nile tilapia fish under cold stress tended to decrease in response to increasing chia powder level (linear, P < 0.0001). Serum antioxidants (total antioxidant capacity-TAOC, reduced glutathione-GSH and catalase-CAT) and immune response parameters concentrations (IgM, IgG and lysozymes) were significantly improved with supplemental CSP added in diet reared under cold stress. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of chia seed powder (optimum level 4.5 and 6 g/ kg diet) in Nile tilapia raised under lower temperature (16–19 °C) showed a stress relieving effects through increasing their survival rate, enhanced growth performance, antioxidants, immunological responses and reducing the stress related indicators as cortisol.

Growth Performance, Blood biochemical, Immune response, Intestinal and Liver Histopathology in Japanese Quail fed Oxidized Oil and Turmeric Supplemented Diets

The present study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of turmeric with fresh oil or oxidized oil on the growth performance, blood biochemical, intestinal and liver histopathology in Japanese Quail. Birds were divided into 8 groups; G1- G4 which were fed on diets containing 2 % fresh vegetable oil supplemented with turmeric 0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 % respectively. While groups G5- G8 had the same previously mentioned design but with replacing the fresh oil with oxidized oil. Substitution of the fresh oil with oxidized oil showed non-significant difference in quail body weight and feed conversion ratio, increased feed intake (FI), non-significantly affected serum lipid profile parameters (P˃ 0.05). Turmeric supplementation at 0.75 % to the fresh or oxidized oil containing diets improved feed efficiency utilization, while reduced the FI compared to control (P&lt; 0.05). Feeding quail on oxidized oil containing diet showed no changes in serum MDA concentration, however reduced serum GPx enzyme (P˃ 0.05) compared to birds fed on fresh oil. Turmeric addition reduced serum concentration of MDA, while increased GPx activity (P˃ 0.05). Increasing turmeric level supplemented to the fresh or oxidized oil was associated with reduced serum lipid profile parameters. Addition of turmeric to the oxidized oil-based diets ameliorated the negative effects on the immune related parameters (phagocytic activity and index, lysosomal activity and WBCs count) especially with 0.5% level. Increasing the turmeric supplementation to the oxidized oil containing diet improved the intestinal morphology and hepatic parenchyma. In conclusion, oxidized oil inclusion in Japanese quail diet (2 %) showed no adverse effects on their performance or intestinal morphology however, negatively affected some immune related parameters which could be ameliorated by turmeric supplementation especially at 0.5% of diet.

Effects of Mangifera indica leaves improves blood lipids profile and biochemical indices in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidaemia rats

Dyslipidemia a chronic, metabolic syndrome characterized by elevated lipid profiles together with lipid peroxidation in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Functional ingredients such as high phenolic content and potent antioxidant activity obtained from agricultural waste by-products or waste are of great interest. However, the hypolipidemic effects of the waste mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves (MLE) have not been investigated. Here, the specific lipid-lowering and potential hepatoprotective mechanisms by which the gavage administration of MLE affects lipid metabolism and liver steatosis in rats fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) were evaluated. In rats treated with high level of MLE, a persistent suppressive effect on liver weight and body weight gain was discovered after 28-day intervention. Furthermore, body lipid index and reduced inflammatory reaction and liver function parameters in HFD control rats were markedly ameliorated by supplementation with high doses of MLE. In addition, histological and histomorphometric analyses here demonstrated that fat accumulation changed in HFD supplemented hyperlipidaemia rats, but normalized in MLE treatment groups. Further real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses were carried out to determine the mRNA and protein abundance of PPARα receptors and CYP7A1 in liver tissues of rats. These results indicate that MLE supplement have the promising lipid lowering effects in HFD-induced hyperlipidaemia rats based on positive ameliorations in the serum lipid profile and liver function parameters.

Glutathione attenuated lambda-cyhalothrin-induced alteration of serum total cholesterol concentration and oxidative stress parameters in rats.

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a type II pyrethroid insecticide that is used for pest control in agricultural, domestic, and industrial settings. Glutathione is an antioxidant that has been reported to confer protection on biological systems against the adverse impacts of insecticides. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of glutathione on the serum lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters of rats exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity. Thirty-five rats were assigned into 5 groups each. Distilled water was given to the first group, whereas the second group received soya oil (1mL/kg). Lambda-cyhalothrin (25mg/kg) was administered to the third group. The fourth group was given lambda-cyhalothrin (25mg/kg) and glutathione (100mg/kg) successively, whereas the fifth group received lambda-cyhalothrin (25mg/kg) and glutathione (200mg/kg) consecutively. The treatments were administered once daily by oral gavage for 21days. The rats were sacrificed after the completion of the study. The serum lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters were assessed. A significant (P<0.05) increase was observed in the total cholesterol concentration of the lambda-cyhalothrin group. The serum malondialdehyde level was elevated (P<0.05) in the lambda-cyhalothrin group. The superoxide dismutase activity of the lambda-cyhalothrin+glutathione200 group was enhanced (P<0.05). The results revealed that lambda-cyhalothrin perturbed the total cholesterol concentration of the rats, whereas glutathione (particularly at 200mg/kg, indicating a dose-response effect) ameliorated the disruptive impacts of lambda-cyhalothrin. The advantageous effects of glutathione may be ascribed to its antioxidant property.

Amino Acid Conjugates of 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats via Attenuation of HMGCR, APOB, and PCSK9

This study was designed to explore the antihyperlipidemic effects of amino acid derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (4J and 4K) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into nine groups which received either standard diet or HFD for 28 days. Blood samples were taken on 27th day from HFD-fed rats to ensure hyperlipidemia. HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats later received daily dosing of either vehicle or simvastatin (SIM; 20 mg/kg) or 4J/4K compounds (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) for 12 consecutive days. On 40th day, animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for the determination of serum lipid profile and liver function parameters. Liver samples were harvested for histopathological, antioxidant, and qPCR analyses. Molecular docking of tested compounds with HMGCR was also performed to assess the binding affinities. 4J and 4K dose dependently decreased serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoproteins, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels while significantly alleviated high-density lipoproteins. However, SIM failed to reduce AST and ALT levels. Moreover, tested compounds displayed antioxidant effects by inducing superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels. Histopathology data also displayed protective effects of 4J and 4K against HFD-induced fatty changes and hepatic damage. In addition, 4J and 4K downregulated transcript levels of HMGCR, APOB, PCSK9, and VCAM1, and molecular docking analysis also supported the experimental data. It is conceivable from this study that 4J and 4K exert their antihyperlipidemic effects by modulating multiple targets regulating lipid levels.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Test the Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination Monacolin K-Free on the Lipid and Inflammatory Profile of Subjects with Hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Nutraceutical combinations (NCs) against hypercholesterolemia are increasing in the marketplace. However, the availability of NCs without monacolin K is scarce even though the statin-intolerant population needs it. Methods: This study is a parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. We evaluated the effects of the NC containing phytosterols, bergamot, olive fruits, and vitamin K2 on lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in 118 subjects (mean age ± SD, 57.9 ± 8.8 years; 49 men and 69 women) with hypercholesterolemia (mean total cholesterol ± SD, 227.4 ± 20.8 mg/dL) without clinical history of cardiovascular diseases. At baseline and 6 and 12 weeks of treatment, we evaluated lipid profile (total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides), safety (liver, kidney, and muscle parameters), and inflammatory biomarkers such as hs-CRP, leukocytes, interleukin-32, and interleukin-38 and inflammatory-microRNAs (miRs) miR-21, miR-126, and miR-146a. Results: Compared to the placebo, at 6 and 12 weeks, NC did not significantly reduce total cholesterol (p = 0.083), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.150), and triglycerides (p = 0.822). No changes were found in hs-CRP (p = 0.179), interleukin-32 (p = 0.587), interleukin-38 (p = 0.930), miR-21 (p = 0.275), miR-126 (p = 0.718), miR-146a (p = 0.206), myoglobin (p = 0.164), and creatine kinase (p = 0.376). Among the two reported, only one adverse event was probably related to the nutraceutical treatment. Conclusions: The evaluated nutraceutical combination did not change serum lipid profile and inflammatory parameters, at least not with the daily dose applied in the present study.

Comorbid overweight/obesity and chronic pancreatitis exacerbate the dyslipidemia progression in type 2 diabetic patients

Objective. The aim of present study was to analyze the serum lipid profile parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and comorbidities [overweight/obesity and/or chronic pancreatitis (CP)] to determine the contribution of these pathologic factors to lipid metabolism disorders in T2DM. Methods. The study involved 579 type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients with comorbid overweight/ obesity and/or CP. The serum lipid panel parameters [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] were determined by commercially available kits on a Cobas 6000 analyzer (Roche Hitachi, Germany). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL-C, and remnant cholesterol (RC) levels were calculated using formulas. The data were statistically analyzed using STATISTICA 7.0. Results. It was shown that dyslipidemia in T2D patients is characterized by unidirectional changes regardless the presence/absence of comorbid overweight/obesity or CP. At the same time, the most severe dyslipidemia was detected in T2D patients with a combination of comorbid over-weight/obesity and CP. Both the elevated body mass index (BMI) and CP can aggravate lipid metabolism disorders in T2DM. In our study, however, the BMI increase positively correlated with the number of dyslipidemia patients characterized by exceeding all target lipid levels for diabetic patients. This is in contrast to T2D patients with normal body weight and comorbid CP, in whom only LDL-C and TG exceeded the target lipid levels. Conclusions. A combination of comorbidities, such as obesity and CP in T2D patients, produced a mutually aggravating course defined particularly by common pathogenic links, insulin resistance, chronic generalized low-intensity inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and dyslipidemia caused primarily by triglyceridemia.

Chitosan-Encapsulated Nano-selenium Targeting TCF7L2, PPARγ, and CAPN10 Genes in Diabetic Rats

This study investigates the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of chitosan-encapsulated selenium nanoparticles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. Glibenclamide was used as a reference antidiabetic drug. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were used along the study and divided equally into 6 groups of (I) normal control, (II) chitosan-encapsulated selenium nanoparticles (CTS-SeNPs), (III) glibenclamide, (IV) streptozotocin (STZ), (V) STZ + CTS-SeNPs, and (VI) STZ + Glib. The animals were sacrificed on the 35th day of the experiment. Serum glucose, insulin, IGF-1, ALT, AST, CK-MB, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and inflammatory parameters were subsequently assessed. Also, the expression level of TCF7L2, CAPN10, and PPAR-γ genes were evaluated using qPCR. In addition, histopathological studies on pancreatic tissue were carried out. The results revealed that STZ induced both diabetes and oxidative stress in normal rats, manifested by the significant changes in the studied parameters and in the physical structure of pancreatic tissue. Oral administration of CTS-SeNPs or Glib results in a significant amelioration of the levels of serum fasting blood glucose, insulin, IGF-1, AST, ATL, and CK-MB as compared with STZ-induced diabetic rats. CTS-SeNPs and Glib diminished the level of lipid peroxidation, increased total antioxidant capacity level, as well as possessed strong inhibition against serum α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Diabetic animals received CTS-SeNPs, or Glib demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the expression level of TCF7L2 and CAPN10 genes with a significant increase in the expression level of PPAR-γ gene, compared to STZ group. The above findings clarify the promising antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of CTS-SeNPs, recommending its inclusion in the currently used protocols for the treatment of diabetes and in the prevention of its related complications.Graphical abstract

Hypericum Perforatum L. Hairy Root Extracts – Regulation of Glycemic, Metabolic, Serum Enzyme and Lipid Profile in STZ - Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract Apart from currently available therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, much attention has been paid to discover phytochemicals from natural resources, mainly due to their low side-effects. Hypericum perforatum hairy root (HR) transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 represent prospective experimental system enriched in xanthones, known as potent antidiabetic agents. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate HR extracts for their potential antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, also compared to the effects of wild-growing Hyperici herba (HH). We conducted an acute-toxicity study, multiple dose study, and 24h blood glucose measurements after a single dose administration of HH and HR (200 mg/kg) in diabetic rats. Furthermore, we examined the effects of 14-days administration of HH and HR extracts on blood glucose levels, metabolic parameters, enzyme, and lipid status in healthy and diabetic rats. Both extracts produced a fall of about 70% in blood glucose level after 24h of administration. Two-week treatment with HH and HR induced a significant decrease (70-72%) in blood glucose levels. Moreover, we found an improvement of the dysregulated metabolic parameters (body weight, food, and water consumption and urine output). Serum enzyme (AST, ALT, and γ-GT) and lipid profile parameters (CHOL, TAG, and HDL) were also improved by both extracts. These findings might provide a new insight for managing diabetic hyperglycemia and dysregulated serum enzyme and lipid profile, using extracts from transgenic roots cultures from H. perforatum.

Iron and Ferritin as novel screening markers of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is a public health problem globally. In India, the prevalence of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) was 6.43%. Several causes lead to AMI, among which excess serum Iron and Ferritin is responsible for an increase in the generation of free radicals, thus accelerate atherogenesis through oxidation of Low-density lipoprotein – cholesterol (LDL-C). Assess serum Iron and Ferritin status and compare them with the cardic marker (CK-MB) among patients with AMI. Methods: The study was performed in a tertiary care centre in TamilNadu, India. This casecontrol study was conducted on 25 patients diagnosed with AMI and 25 age and sex-matched healthy participants as control group. Iron, Ferritin, CK-MB and lipid profile parameters were analyzed in serum samples of the participants. Result: The mean levels of serum Iron, Ferritin, CK-MB and lipid profile parameters were increased significantly among the cases when compared to the control group. CK-MB had a strong positive correlation with serum Iron and Ferritin. Serum Iron and Ferritin also had a positive correlation with total cholesterol and LDL-C, and a negative correlation with Highdensity lipoprotein – cholesterol. The odds of developing AMI in those with serum Iron &gt;51.5µg/dl and Ferritin &gt;137ng/dl were 36 and 61.7 times at higher risk respectively. Conclusion: Higher levels of serum Iron and Ferritin seem to be stronger risk factors for AMI, and shall be considered as early screening cardiac markers for AMI.

Prevalence of hyperuricemia and the relationship between serum uric acid concentrations and lipid parameters among King Abdulaziz University Hospital patients.

Several studies have associated uric acid with dyslipidemia. However, no previous studies have examined patients without chronic illness. : The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between serum uric acid concentration and lipid profile parameters and to estimate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the city of Jeddah. A retrospective study was conducted on 1206 patients who undergone laboratory blood testing over a 3-year period (2018-2020) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, which was ethically approved. We used a predesigned checklist to collect data from electronic hospital records using Google Forms. Bivariate analysis, tables, and graphs were used to represent and identify the relationships between variables. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Our study revealed a prevalence of 12% for hyperuricemia in the study population. Males were more frequently affected than females (8.13% vs. 3.73%, respectively). There was no association between serum uric acid concentration and lipid profile parameters, including total cholesterol (P = 0.92), triglyceride (P = 0.42), high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.47), and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.66). There was a strong association between serum uric acid concentration and high body mass index (P < 0.001), older age (P = 0.002), male sex (P < 0.001), and nationality (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was an association between sex and mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.02) and mean triglyceride concentration (P = 0.02). We observed a low prevalence of hyperuricemia, and our results indicate no association between serum uric acid concentration and lipid profile parameters.

Serum Lipid Profile Parameters as Markers of Oxidative Stress in Preeclampsia- A Case-control Study

Introduction: Many hypotheses have been postulated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Among these, the theory of placental ischaemia giving rise to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and thus causing oxidative stress is still being explored. This oxidative stress by the ROS may be further accentuated in the presence of hyperlipidaemia via the production of various lipid peroxidation products. Aim: To assess the serum lipid profile parameters and serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in normotensive pregnant and preeclamptic patients and to study the association of deranged lipid profile with oxidative stress in patients of preeclampsia. Also, to correlate these parameters with the severity of preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: The present study was a case-control study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, from January 2014 to October 2015. The study included 50 normotensive pregnant women (control group) and 100 preeclamptic women further grouped into 50 cases of mild preeclampsia and 50 cases of severe preeclampsia with &gt;20 weeks of gestation. Serum lipid profile, along with markers of oxidative stress viz., serum MDA were estimated in all groups. Data were analysed applying unpaired t-test and Pearson’s correlation test among various lipid profile parameters and serum MDA levels in the two groups of cases. Results: There was no significant difference in age and Period Of Gestation (POG) at the time of sample collection between all three groups. There was a significant rise in serum Total Cholesterol (TC) (210±20 and 240±41 mg/dL in group II and group III), Triacylglycerol (TAG) (180±22 and 190±24 mg/dL in group II and group III), Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) (140±20 and 170±40 mg/dL in group II and group III), Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C) (35±4.4 and 38±4.8 mg/dL in group II and group III) in the study group as compared to controls. Also, the serum levels of MDA were found to be significantly increased in the study groups as compared to controls. Conclusion: Deranged lipid profile status was found to be significantly associated with oxidative stress in preeclampsia.

Circulating endocrine, metabolic, and haematologic indices during the peripartum period of Darehshori mares

The characteristics associated with equine peripartum period are different from those of other periods. Information concerning the values and dynamic changes of circulating peripartum endocrine, metabolic, and haematologic indices may improve the understanding of the whole body haemostatic patterns which lead to parturition, lactogenesis, and estrus in the horse. The present study aimed to evaluate these changes around parturition in Darehshori breed. For this purpose, blood sampling was performed on six clinically healthy Darehshori mares (10 years old) about one week prior to parturition, three days following parturition, at the beginning of estrus, and one week after estrus. Circula­ting values ​​of glucose, estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, T3, T4, TG, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and PLT were assessed in all samples. Progesterone concentrations were minimum before parturition and increased significantly one week after foaling heat (P=0.035). Cortisol level was significantly higher during foaling heat compared with other periods (P=0.029). T4 levels significantly increased from pre- to post-partum periods (P=0.001), but T3 showed increased and decreased values during the study period. All serum lipid profile parameters were significantly reduced from pre to postpartum period (P&lt;0.05). Haematological parameters in mares significantly changed during the peripartum period (P&lt;0.05). Based on the results, the metabolic, haematological, endocrinological, and stress indices in Darehshori mares were found to change around parturition and the first estrus. These changes were largely dependent on hormonal mechanisms related to pregnancy and parturition occurring in normal mares.

Acute Toxicological Assessment and Investigation of Cardioprotective Potential of Processed Pumpkin (Cucurbita Maxima) Seed Flour

Pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima) are medicinally useful. It has pharmacological activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation activities, antioxidant effects. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of the processed pumpkin seed flour was investigated. In addition, the acute toxicological assay was carried out by grouping experimental male rats (150 - 200 g) into four groups (n=5). Each of the groups were fed with each of the processed samples (100%) respectively, except control that was fed normal rat chow for two weeks. The cardioprotective property of the processed sample was further investigated. The experimental animals were divided into nine groups (n=5) each and at the end of two weeks, the heart, liver, and blood were obtained for biochemical parameters. Fermented C. maxima seed flour exhibited the highest antioxidant properties. The acute toxicological result revealed that processed seeds flour caused significant alteration in the activities/levels of serum biochemical indices and the antioxidant parameters in the heart and liver as compared with the control. In addition, the cardioprotective study revealed that doxorubicin intoxication caused significant alterations in the cardiac serum biochemical indices, lipid profile, electrolytes, and cardiac antioxidant parameters Also, doxorubicin caused a dose-dependent elevation in the atherogenic indices. However, pretreatment with processed C. maxima seed flour significantly prevented most of these derangement in a comparable manner to that of induced group. This study revealed that processed C. maxima seed flour especially fermented sample at 60% diet supplement offered protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity probably via antioxidative and antihyperlipidemic mechanisms.

A review of Coenzyme Q10 in disease management: Polycystic ovary syndrome as an example

Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are usually suffering from many metabolic disturbances as insulin resistance, so the use of Co enzyme Q10 in those patients improve metabolic changes and insulin resistance resulting in better ovulation.Mitochondrial dysfunction in the eggs is related to reduction in the oxidative phosphorylation which leads to lower ATP production by mitochondria, also results in deprived reproductive performance, including poor oocyte quality, lessened ovarian store, abnormal conception and unbalanced embryo development.Objective: The aim of this review is to observe the effects of co enzyme Q10 in PCOS patients by emphasizing many studies that showing the effect of CoQ10 on the metabolic parameters such as (Fasting serum glucose, HbA1c%, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride level).This article suggested that CoQ10 therapy possess beneficial effect in improving the clinical parameters of PCOS patients including HbA1c%, fasting serum glucose and lipid profile parameters.