Serum Lipase Activity Research Articles

Prospective Study on the Effects of Marijuana Smoking on Lipase and Amylase Activities among Adult Nigerians

Marijuana consumption is prevalent among young adults in Nigeria, and its effects on various physiological systems are of growing concern. This study investigates the impact of marijuana use on digestive enzymes, specifically serum amylase and lipase, to understand its potential implications on digestive health. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 120 participants comprising of 60 marijuana smokers and 60 non-smokers. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data were collected through structured questionnaires. Serum amylase and lipase activity levels were measured by spectrophotometric method and compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed to assess differences and correlations. The study revealed that marijuana smokers had significantly higher serum amylase and lipase activities compared to non-smokers. Lipase activity correlated positively (r=0.425, p=0.019) with duration of marijuana use. Amylase activity was higher among males than females (r=-0.40, p=0.028). No significant correlation was found between the quantity of marijuana consumed and enzyme activities. Chronic marijuana consumption was associated with increased serum amylase and lipase activities, indicating potential alterations in pancreatic function. These findings suggest that marijuana use may have adverse effects on digestive health, warranting further investigation into the long-term implications. It is recommended that healthcare providers monitor digestive enzyme activities in marijuana users to detect early signs of pancreatic dysfunction.

High dietary Mucuna pruriens utilis seed meal compromises growth performance, carcass traits, haemato-biochemistry, and meat quality of broilers.

Usage of soyabean meal (SBM) in broiler diets is economically and environmentally unsustainable thus necessitating investigation of alternative protein sources. Therefore, this study investigated effects of incremental inclusion levels of Mucuna pruriens utilis seed meal (MSM) for partial substitution of SBM in broiler diets. In a completely randomized design (CRD), 400day-old Ross 308 chicks were allotted to 5 iso-caloric-nitrogenous MSM-containing (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated 8 times, with each pen having 10 birds, during starter (d1 - 14), grower (d15 - 28), and finisher (d29 - 42) phases. Results showed that dietary MSM decreased feed intake (FI: quadratic: P < 0.001), body weight gain (BWG: linear: P < 0.001), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE: linear: P < 0.001) as it linearly decreased slaughter weight (SW: P < 0.001), hot carcass weight (HCW: P < 0.001), cold carcass weight (CCW: P < 0.001), dressing percentage (P < 0.001), and breast weight (P < 0.05). In contrast, dietary MSM linearly increased the weights of the liver (P < 0.01), proventriculus (P < 0.001), gizzard (P < 0.001), duodenum (P = 0.01), jejunum (P < 0.001), ileum (P < 0.001), caecum (P < 0.01), and colon (P < 0.01). Also, dietary MSM quadratically increased blood heterophils (P < 0.05) and alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05) of the chickens whilst linearly increasing their serum amylase (P = 0.001) and lipase (P = 0.001) activities and linearly decreasing their serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA: P = 0.001) and cholesterol (P < 0.05). Further, dietary MSM linearly decreased chicken breast meat ultimate pH (P < 0.05) whilst linearly increasing its cooking loss (P < 0.01), drip loss (P < 0.05) and shear force (P < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary MSM compromised growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broilers as it increased the weights of their digestive-metabolic organs.

Effects of prednisolone on 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(60-methylresorufin) ester-lipase activity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in healthy cats.

Corticosteroids are among the most commonly used drugs in cats and are increasingly discussed as a treatment for feline pancreatitis. However, its effects on serum lipase in healthy cats remain unknown. To evaluate the effects of prednisolone on serum lipase activity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) in cats. Seven clinically healthy colony cats, aged 4 to 7 years, with unremarkable CBC/biochemistry panel were studied. Prospective study: Prednisolone (1.1-1.5 mg/kg, median 1.28 mg/kg PO) was given daily for 7 consecutive days. Lipase activity (LIPC Roche; RI, 8-26 U/L) and PLI (Spec fPL; RI, 0-3.5 μg/L) were determined at day 1 before first treatment and at days 2, 3, 8, 10, and 14. Cats were examined daily. An a priori power analysis indicated that 6 cats were needed to find a biological relevant effect at 1-β = 0.8. Statistical analyses comprised the Friedman test, random intercept regression, and repeated-measures linear regression. Median (range) day 1 lipase activities and PLI were 22 U/L (14-52 U/L) and 3.2 μg/L (2.3-15.7 μg/L). One cat with abnormally high lipase activity (52 U/L) and PLI (15.7 μg/L) at day 1 continued having elevated lipase activities and PLI throughout the study. Lipase activities and PLI concentrations did not differ significantly among time points regardless of whether the cat with elevated values was included or not. All cats remained healthy throughout the study. Administration of prednisolone in anti-inflammatory doses does not significantly increase serum lipase activity and PLI concentration.

Antiobesity and antidiabetes effects of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes presenting protein tyrosine phosphatase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, metabolic enzymes, stress oxidant and inflammation inhibitory potential

Diabetes is a significant global health concern that increases the vulnerability to various chronic illnesses. In view of this issue, the current research aimed to examine the effects of administering an extract derived from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus L (CrE) on obesity, type 1 diabetes, and liver-kidney toxicity. Through the utilization of HPLC-DAD analysis, it was discovered that the extract contained several components, including quercetin (47.8%), luteolin glucoside (17%), luteolin (7.56%), apigenin-7-glucoside (6.29%), naringinin (4.52%), and seven others. In vitro experiments they have demonstrated that CrE effectively inhibited key digestive enzymes associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, such as DPP-4, PTP1B, lipase, and α-amylase, as evidenced by their respective IC50 values are about 23, 51,83, and 67 μg/ml respectively. Furthermore, when diabetic rats were administered CrE, the activity of pancreatic enzymes linked to inflammation, namely 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), hyaluronidase (HAase), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), was significantly suppressed by 48, 41, 75, and 47%, respectively. Moreover, CrE exhibited protective effects on pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) by 65% and the induction of superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities by 62, 108, and 112% respectively as compared to diabetic untreated rat. Additionally, CrE significantly inhibited the activities of intestinal, pancreatic, and serum lipase and α-amylase activities. In diabetic rats, CrE administration suppressed glycogen phosphorylase (GP) stimulated glycogen synthase (GS) activities by 45 and 30%; and this increased liver glycogen content by 45%. Furthermore, CrE modulated key hepatic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP). Notably, the average food and water intake (AFI and AWI) of diabetic rats treated with CrE was reduced by 15 and 16% respectively as compared to those without any treatment. Therefore, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of Cyperus rotundus tubers in preventing and treating obesity and diabetes.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PANCREATIC EXOCRINE FUNCTION IN PREMATURE INFANTS WITH PERINATAL PATHOLOGY

Introduction. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of preterm birth is 10-15%, demonstrating with a consistent upward trajectory. Preterm infants exhibit immature and limited exocrine function of the pancreas during the first weeks of life that impedes enteral feeding and leads to the development of malnutrition and malabsorption.&#x0D; The aim of this study is to investigate the indicators of pancreatic exocrine function in premature infants with perinatal pathology. Materials and methods. The study included 91 premature infants with clinical manifestations of moderate and severe perinatal pathology with signs of disorders of the functional state of the digestive system (group I, gestational age 29 (0/7) - 36 (6/7) weeks) and 57 generally healthy newborns (group II, gestational age 35 (0/7) - 36 (6/7) weeks). The list of laboratory parameters characterizing the functional state of the pancreas in newborns includes: trypsin, amylase and lipase activity in blood serum. Statistical processing of data was performed using the software “STATISTICA” (StatSoft Inc., USA, version 10), program MedCalc (https://www.medcalc. org/index.php). Comparison of quantitative indicators with normal distribution was performed using Student’s t-test. The difference in parameters was considered statistically significant at p&lt;0.05. Results. Newborns of group I had clinical signs of food intolerance including weakened or absence of sucking reflex, regurgitation, stasis, intestinal paresis with delayed meconium and transitional stools, flatulence. Indicators of exocrine pancreatic function in newborns of the experimental group showed a decrease in the activity of trypsin, lipase, and amylase in blood serum compared with those in children of the control group. Conclusions. Clinical signs of dysfunction of digestive system in newborns are characterized by weakened or absence of sucking reflex, regurgitation, intestinal stasis and paresis, delayed passage of meconium and transitional stools, flatulence. Low activity of pancreatic enzymes in blood serum in the presence of gastrointestinal disorders confirms the primary exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which impairs the assimilation of food ingredients in prematurely infants.

Probiotics mixture and taurine attenuate L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats: Impact on transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV-1)/IL-33/NF-κB signaling and apoptosis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder of acinar cells. It may develop into severe chronic pancreatitis with a significant mortality rate. The current study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of a Lactobacillus (LAB) mixture against rat AP. Six groups were created including control, taurine (300 mg/kg; i.p.) for 7 days, LAB mixture for 7 days, L-arginine (2.5 g/kg; i.p.) 2 doses with 1 h interval on 1st day, L-arginine+taurine, and L-arginine+LAB. Serum amylase and lipase activities were measured. Pancreatic tissue was used for histopathological examination, oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and inflammatory biomarkers including myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin (IL)-33 assessment. qRT-PCR was used for transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV-1) investigation and Western blot analysis for measuring nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κBp65) and the apoptosis biomarker; caspase-3. Taurine and LAB reduced lipase and significantly ameliorated induced oxidative stress by normalizing MDA and GSH contents. They counteracted inflammation by reducing MPO, IL-33, NF-κBp65, and TRPV-1. In addition, taurine and LAB counteracted apoptosis as proved by reduced caspase-3 expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that taurine and the use LAB mixture can mitigate AP by L-arginine via influencing TRPV-1/IL-33/NF-κB signaling together with exhibiting potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Metaphorical investigation of aqueous distillate of Cichorium intybus, Foeniculum vulgare and Solanum nigrum along with atorvastatin and orlistat in experimental rodent models of dyslipidaemia and obesity

BackgroundArq is a traditional Unani liquid formulation. In this study we explored Arq-Makoh, Arq-Badiyan and Arq-Kasni for their pharmacological potential to alleviate the symptoms of hyperlipidaemia and obesity and develop an amalgamation with modern drugs that have clinically well reported antihyperlipidaemic and antiobesity potential. Materials and methodsRats were fed High Fat Diet for 4 weeks. 10 ​ml/kg of each of the three arqs were given alone and along with atorvastatin and orlistat daily for 28 days P.O. During the course of treatment body weight and food intake were carefully observed and after the end of the study, liver weight, heart weight, plasma lipid profile, blood glucose level, insulin and leptin level, serum lipase, lactate dehydrogenase, and antioxidant activity were studied in all treatment groups. ResultBoth Arqs and Atorvastatin and Orlistat significantly reduced body weight, lipid profile in HFD fed rats. Arqs when given along with Atorvastatin and Orlistat produced more significant decrease in the serum lipid profile, serum lipase, atherogenic index, lactate Dehydrogenase and TBARS compared with HFD Control group and elevated the levels of HDL-C and SOD. Apart from antihyperlipidaemic and antiobesity effects the treatment groups showed a significant reduction in elevated fasting blood glucose levels (as a result of HFD model used in the study). The above parameters were further confirmed by histopathological studies. ConclusionThe present study indicates that Arq-Makoh, Arq-Badiyan and Arq-Kasni has lipid lowering potential and could potentiate the antihyperlipidaemic and antiobesity potential of Atorvastatin and Orlistat.

Decreased syntaxin17 expression contributes to the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in murine models by impairing autophagic degradation.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas. Disruptions in organelle homeostasis, including macroautophagy/autophagy dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, have been implicated in human and rodent pancreatitis. Syntaxin 17 (STX17) belongs to the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) subfamily. The Qa-SNARE STX17 is an autophagosomal SNARE protein that interacts with SNAP29 (Qbc-SNARE) and the lysosomal SNARE VAMP8 (R-SNARE) to drive autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In this study, we investigated the role of STX17 in the pathogenesis of AP in male mice or rats induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of cerulein. We showed that cerulein hyperstimulation induced AP in mouse and rat models, which was characterized by increased serum amylase and lipase activities, pancreatic edema, necrotic cell death and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as markedly decreased pancreatic STX17 expression. A similar reduction in STX17 levels was observed in primary and AR42J pancreatic acinar cells treated with CCK (100 nM) in vitro. By analyzing autophagic flux, we found that the decrease in STX17 blocked autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic degradation, as well as the activation of ER stress. Pancreas-specific STX17 knockdown using adenovirus-shSTX17 further exacerbated pancreatic edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and necrotic cell death after cerulein injection. These data demonstrate a critical role of STX17 in maintaining pancreatic homeostasis and provide new evidence that autophagy serves as a protective mechanism against AP.

Indigestible Dextrin Alleviates the Intestinal Absorption of Alpha-linolenic Acid More Markedly Than That of Linoleic Acid in Obese Mice

Linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) constitute the main dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. Indigestible dextrin (DEX) is a dietary fiber that causes a beneficial decrease in lifestyle-related disease risk factors. We investigated the effects of DEX on intestinal absorption of LA and ALA in obese mice. KK-Ay/TaJcl obese mice were fed an ALA- or LA-abundant diet and provided with water in the absence and presence of 0.06 w/v% DEX for 4 weeks. The levels of lipids in serum samples and the lipase activity in serum and liver were analyzed. The effects of DEX on the intestinal absorption of LA and ALA were investigated using an in vitro model of the intestinal absorption process in the fed-state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF) solution. ALA resulted in an increase in the serum triglyceride (TG) levels than those observed upon feeding an LA-abundant diet. DEX suppressed significantly the ALA-dependent increase in serum TG levels. Neither LA nor ALA affected the serum levels of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as the serum and hepatic lipase activities. Moreover, ALA showed better solubility than LA in FeSSIF solution. The solubility of ALA in FeSSIF solution was significantly suppressed by DEX, whereas that of LA was not affected by DEX. ALA can be absorbed more easily than LA during the intestinal absorption process, probably leading to an increase in the serum TG levels and then DEX more selectively inhibits the intestinal absorption of ALA compared to that of LA.

Study of some biochemical and hematological parameters in continuously hemodialysis patients in Kirkuk city

Introduction: The severity of chronic renal failure (CRF) classified by professional guidelines in five stages, stage 5 is a severe illness often called end stage kidney failure or end stage renal disease (ESRD), dialysis may be used for this stage. Dialysis treatments replace some of these functions through diffusion (waste removal) and ultrafiltration (fluid removal). Hemodialysis, is a process of purifying the blood, when the kidneys are not working normally. It is one of three renal replacement therapies (the other two being peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant).&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The samples of this study consists of 80 patients (42 males, 38 females) and 85 healthy individuals (43 males, 42 females) from (20 - 70) years old of age. Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1), `5-nucleatidase, blood urea ( BU), serum creatinine Cr, serum iron (Fe), serum total iron binding capacity (TIBC), Serum feritin, serum amylase activity and serum lipase activity were determined. Some hematological parameters includes packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells count (WBCs), red blood cell count (RBCs) were measured, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Body mass index (BMI) and creatinine clearance Ccl were also measured.&#x0D; Results: Decreased levels of some enzymes activity and some biochemical and hematological parameters and increased others in continuous and regular hemodialysis patients in Kirkuk city. Blood urea and serum creatinine showed significant increased (P˂0.05) in their levels, while the creatinine clearance was significantly decreased (P˂0.05) in patients with continuous hemodialysis patients when compared to those of controls. In the present study; there was significant decreased (P˂0.05) in PON-1 in patients when compared to those of controls. However, the serum`5-NT, amylase and lipase activities were significantly increased (P ˂ 0.05) in these patients when compared with serum of normal individuals. In the present study; there was significant decreased in Fe and TIBC concentrations in the serum of patients when compared to those of healthy control individuals (P˂0.05). While the serum ferritin was significantly increased (P˂0.05) in these patients as compared to the controls. In the present study; there was significant decreased (P ˂ 0.05) in Hb and PCV and RBCs concentrations inthese patients when compared to those of controls. While WBCs and ESR was significantly increased (P˂0.05) in these patients as compared to the controls.&#x0D; Conclusion: Serum paraoxonase PON -1 activity is the most commonly affected than other biochemical parameters in continuous hemodialysis patients. Anemia, pancreatitis are the common and often an early complication of chronic renal diseases

Hyperoside inhibits pancreatic lipase activity in vitro and reduces fat accumulation in vivo.

Hyperoside, the main component of many anti-obesity plants, might exhibit a lipase inhibition effect to reduce fat accumulation. The anti-obesity effect of hyperoside was investigated by studying its inhibitory effect and mechanism on pancreatic lipase in vitro and evaluating its ability to reduce lipid accumulation in vivo. Hyperoside is a mixed-type inhibitor of lipase with an IC50 of 0.67 ± 0.02 mmol L-in vitro. Hyperoside changed the secondary conformation of lipase, increased the α-helix content, and changed the microenvironment of lipase through static quenching. The interaction between hyperoside and lipase results from a strong binding spontaneous exothermic reaction, mainly through hydrogen bonding, van der Waals force and electrostatic force. Hyperoside protected hepatic lipid accumulation and adipose tissue hypertrophy and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in high-fat diet-induced rats. Moreover, hyperoside had a good inhibitory effect on lipase activity in serum and increased fecal fat excretion, thereby reducing lipid absorption in vivo. This study provides theoretical support for the research and development of hyperoside in fat-reducing functional foods.

Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Total Flavonoids of Willow Buds on Acute Pancreatitis in Mice

To explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of total flavonoids of willow buds on acute pancreatitis is the objective of the study. The willow buds of Salix babylonica L. (~1 cm) were harvested from Shenyang Institute of Technology between March 2020 to April 2020. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of total flavonoids of willow buds was conducted and an L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis mouse model was established. The content of naringenin was determined by Agilent 1100 high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum biochemical test, serum oxidation test and plasma leukocyte content was determined and HE staining was performed. The protective and therapeutic effects of total flavonoids of willow buds on acute pancreatitis in mice were investigated. Total flavonoids of willow buds effectively decreased the activity of serum amylase, lipase and malondialdehyde, reduced plasma white blood cells and increased serum calcium content and superoxide dismutase activity in acute pancreatitis mice; total flavonoids of willow buds alleviated the pathological injury of the pancreas in acute pancreatitis mice. In conclusion, total flavonoids of willow buds may reduce pancreatic injury via reducing the inflammatory response and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which is a promising natural anti-acute pancreatitis drug.

The effect of serum lipids and spermoplasm on the stallion sperm quality

The quality and cryoresistance of stallion sperm depend on many endogenous and exogenous factors. One of the factors affecting the sperm quality are the parameters of the lipid spectrum of spermoplasm and blood serum. Lipase activity, cholesterol and triglyceride content in blood serum and spermoplasm were studied in 19 stallions of the Arabian breed aged from 5 years to 15 years (on average 10.1±0.3 years). It was found that lipase activity in the spermoplasm (217.0 U/l) is on average 11.4 times higher than in the blood serum (19.1 U/l). The concentration of spermoplasm triglycerides (1.3 mmol/l) is on average 4.3 times higher than in blood serum (0.3 mmol/l). The concentration of cholesterol in the blood serum (2.4 mmol/ l) is on average 12 times higher than the same indicator in the stallion spermoplasm (0.2 mmol/l). The relationship between the parameters of the lipid spectrum of blood serum and spermoplasm with the characteristics of stallion sperm was studied. A significant relationship was found between the activity of lipase in blood serum with progressive mobility (r=0.66; p=0.006) and survival (r=0.67; p=0.005) of spermatozoa in cryopreserved sperm.

Secondary iron overload induces chronic pancreatitis and ferroptosis of acinar cells in mice.

Disruption of iron homeostasis is associated with multiple diseases. It has been found that patients with genetic iron overload develop massive iron deposition in the pancreas. However, few studies have focused on the effect of secondary iron overload on the pancreas. The objective of the present study was to investigate the pathogenic consequences of secondary iron overload in mice. An iron overload mouse model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of 120mg/kg body weight of iron dextran every other week for 12weeks. Iron deposition, immunocyte infiltration, fibrosis, oxidative stress and ferroptosis were assessed using Prussian blue staining, immunohistochemical analysis, Masson staining, Sirius red staining, RT‑qPCR analysis and western blot analysis. It was found that iron‑overloaded mice showed pancreatic iron overload, together with elevated gene expression of the iron storage factor ferritin H, and decreased expression of the iron transportation mediator divalent metal transporter 1, ferroportin 1 and transferrin receptor. Iron‑overloaded mice developed mild pancreatitis with increased serum amylase and lipase activities, as well as elevated gene expression levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Acinar atrophy, massive immunocyte infiltration and pancreatic fibrosis were noted in the iron‑overloaded mice. As an underlying mechanism, iron‑overloaded mice showed increased pancreatic oxidative stress, with an elevated malondialdehyde level, and decreased SOD and glutathione peroxidase activity. Furthermore, iron overload led to ferroptosis with promoted expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, and decreased transcripts of glutathione peroxidase 4 and solute carrier family 7 member 11. These results provided evidence that multiple intraperitoneal injections of iron dextran in mice lead to iron overload‑induced chronic pancreatitis, which suggested that secondary iron overload is a risk factor for pancreatitis and highlights the importance of iron in maintaining the normal functions of the pancreas.

Supplementation with the Traditional Thai Polyherbal Medicine NawaTab Ameliorates Lipid Profiles in High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats.

A tablet formulation developed from Nawametho decoction (NawaTab), a traditional Thai herbal mixture described in the Worayokasan scripture, has been used clinically for several years in the management of borderline hyperlipidemic individuals. Nevertheless, scientific evidence supporting its claims has never been identified. This study aimed to describe the antihyperlipidemic properties of NawaTab in a well-described model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Decoction of Nawametho containing equal quantities of Aegle marmelos (L.), Carthamus tinctorius L., Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., Phyllanthus emblica L., Piper longum L., Piper nigrum L., Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Terminalia chebula Retz., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe were prepared. The HFD-fed rats were administered NawaTab for 4 consecutive weeks starting from the ninth week of HFD treatment at a dose of 125 mg/kg (p.o.). Anthropometric parameters, serum lipid profiles, lipase activity, and liver and renal functional markers were measured. Histopathological examination of the liver and any steatosis was carried out at the end of this study. Consecutive treatment with NawaTab (125 mg/kg/day) in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats caused a significant reduction in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, at the tested dose, NawaTab failed to prevent the onset of hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue accumulation. No adverse events due to the consumption of NawaTab on liver and kidney function markers were noted. These findings are the first suggestive evidence for the lipid-lowering capability of NawaTab. However, to promote the use of this formulation in the management of borderline hyperlipidemic patients, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of action, quantification of biological markers, and clinical trials of NawaTab are urgently needed.

MyD88 deficiency aggravates the severity of acute pancreatitis by promoting MyD88-independent TRIF pathway-mediated necrosis

With uncontrolled inflammatory progression, acute pancreatitis (AP) can progress to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Inflammation and parenchymal cell death are key pathologic responses of AP. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a pro-inflammatory role in AP. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is the most essential utilized adaptor of TLR4, but its role in AP remains unclear. We investigated the potential role of MyD88 in the pathogenesis of AP. An AP model was induced by administering either cerulein or L-arginine to wild-type or MyD88-deficient mice. Additionally, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) was administered to the MyD88-/- mice. The severity of AP was determined by measuring serum amylase and lipase activities, quantifying pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histological examination. The effects of MyD88 deletion on cell death and the inflammatory response were determined by measuring apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammatory cytokines. Western blot was used to assess the necrotic mediators, RIP1 and RIP3. The deletion of MyD88 resulted in more severe acute experimental pancreatitis as assessed by increased amylase and lipase activities, increased pancreatic MPO activity, a reduced anti-inflammatory response, reduced apoptosis, and increased necrosis. Additionally, Nec-1 treatment significantly reduced necrosis in the MyD88-/- mice. The deletion of MyD88 inhibited the TLR4/MyD88-dependent pathway mediated protective immune defense response and enhanced TLR4/MyD88-independent TRIF pathway-mediated pancreatic necrosis, which in turn aggravated the severity of AP. The critical role of MyD88 in immune defense response and cell death indicates that MyD88 represents a potential therapeutic target in the management of AP.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Plant Extract (Impim) on Growth Performance Immune Status, and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens

The effects of dietary supplementation of plant extract (Impim) on growth performance, immune organ indexes, serum biochemical indicators, and nutrients digestibility of broiler chickens. Nine hundred one-day-old Cobb commercial broilers were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 3 replicates in each treatment with 100 broilers in each replicate. The 3 dietary treatments were 1) control group (CON), basal diet; 2) CON + 0.02% Impim (Impim group); 3) CON + 0.002% Colistin sulfate premix + 0.004% Aureomycin premix. The trial period were 53 days. The results showed that, compared with antibiotic group, the serum total protein, amylase activity and lipase activity of broilers fed with Impim had been significantly improved by 9.91%, 18.25% and 14.73%, respectively (P 0.05) in broilers of Impim group than antibiotic group. It could be concluded that administration of the Impim to broilers’ diet improved chickens’ growth performance, had a potent immunomodulatory effect (potentiated immune response). Eventually, Impim could be used as a partial replacement to the antibiotics.

The protective effect of &lt;em&gt;Matricaria pubescens&lt;/em&gt; extracts against alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in rats

This study aims to investigate the plausible inhibitory capacity of Matricaria pubescens methanolic extract (EMMP) on key diabetes-related enzymes in diabetic rats. A significant increase in the serum and pancreatic α-amylase activity in untreated diabetic rats (Diab) by 61% and 75% respectively produced a remarkable rise in blood glucose levels of 184% compared with the controls. However, the treatment of diabetic rats with the extract (Diab + EMMP) caused a significant decrease in pancreatic α-amylase activity in the pancreas (15%) and in serum (28%) compared to untreated diabetic rats. Therefore, a considerable reduction in blood sugar level has been observed reaching 28%. A significant decrease was observed in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (28%) in rats treated with EMMP compared to untreated diabetics. Furthermore a significant increase in the pancreatic serum lipase activity (59%) compared to the control group, led to a distinguished inhibition (21%) in diabetic rats treated with EMMP. A potent protective action of β-cells was observed in diabetic rats treated with EMMP. However, we observed recovery in body weight in the diabetic rats treated with EMMP.

The Elevation of Pancreatic Enzymes in Serum and Their Distribution at Different Stages of Renal Insufficiency Among Diabetic Patients Attending Goba Referral Hospital.

IntroductionAcute pancreatitis is auto-cell destruction that is manifested by increased leakage of amylase and lipase into circulation. During pancreatitis, the activity of serum amylase and lipase is elevated three times above the upper limit of the normal range. This elevation was observed in both prediabetic and diabetic patients. Severe acute pancreatitis can result in acute kidney injury and other multi-organ dysfunction, which is one of the reasons for death.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the elevation of serum amylase and lipase and their distribution at different stages of renal insufficiency among diabetic patients.MethodsThis study included 286 diabetic patients (36 type 1 and 250 type 2), and data were collected from May 1 to June 30, 2019. The study design used was an institution-based cross-sectional study. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data, and serum creatinine, amylase, and lipase levels were measured using a chemistry analyzer. For data entry and statistical analysis, respectively, Epidata software version 3.02 and SPSS version 21 were used.ResultsThe mean serum amylase among diabetic patients suffering from G3b and G4 was 106.79 IU/L ± 118.18 IU/L and 104.85 ± 90.42 IU/L, respectively. Their mean serum lipase activity was 105.07 IU/L ± 127.54 IU/L and 106.98 IU/L ± 88.35 IU/L, respectively. Serum lipase activity was elevated above the normal range and three times above the upper limit of the normal range with a magnitude of 11.2% and 4.2%, respectively. Similarly, 9.1% and 0.7% of diabetic patients had increased serum amylase above the normal range and three-fold above the normal range, respectively.ConclusionAs glomerular filtration decreases, particularly in moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease, serum amylase and lipase activity rise above the upper limit.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance, Organ Weight, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Serum Biochemical Indices in Broiler.

Simple SummaryBroiler chickens have been consumed widely in many countries around the world because they can fulfill the nutritional needs of humans from meat. Antibiotics have been used in the broiler diet to reduce poultry pathogens and promote growth performance, but the overuse of antibiotics in the poultry industry has led to serious consequences for public health. Hence, probiotics are a safe and healthy alternative to antibiotics. Bacillus subtilis is a common probiotic bacteria supplement formulated as a healthy probiotic strain. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, relative organ weights, and serum biochemical indices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing Bacillus subtilis and an antibiotic (Zinc bacitracin) in the diet of broilers on growth performance, organ weight, blood metabolites, and digestive enzymes of broiler chickens. A total of 600 1-d Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to five treatments. Each treatment consisted of six replicates with four pens, and each pen had five birds. The chicks were fed (1) the basal diet (control), (2) the basal diet with 500 mg/kg Zinc bacitracin (APZ), (3) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 1 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-1), (4) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 3 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-3), and (5) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 5 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-5). The experiment lasted for 42 days. In this study, the supplementation of diets with B. subtilis (B.Sut-3 and B.Sut-5 groups) increased body weight gain from 1 to 21 days compared with control (p < 0.05). Additionally, the B.Sut-3 group had a significantly heavier bursa of Fabricius than control at 21 days (p < 0.05). Serum total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were increased in B.Sut-5 and APZ groups (p < 0.05) over the whole period. Serum low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations were decreased in B.Sut-5 and APZ groups at 21 and 42 days (p < 0.05). Chicks in the B.Sut-5 and APZ groups had higher serum lipase, pepsin, and amylase activities (p < 0.05) at 21 and 42 days. From the results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that Bacillus subtilis ATCC19659 at 5 × 108 CFU/g could be applied as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry diets.