Serum Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase Levels Research Articles

Evaluation of Lactate Dehydrogenase and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Among Pregnant Women with Hypertensive Disorders and Their Association with Disease Severity in Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia

Background & Objective: Pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (PIHD) are the main reasons for maternal and perinatal mortality, as they complicate 10% of pregnancies worldwide. Serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are possible markers reflecting the occurrence of pregnancy-associated complications like preeclampsia and eclampsia. There is a paucity of data with conflicting results showing serum LDH and GGT on PIHD in Ethiopia. This investigation aimed to assess the serum LDH and GGT levels in pregnant women with PIHD along with their correlation with the severity of the disease at Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Ethiopia.Materials & Methods: This hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was undertaken from August 03 to September 27, 2020, in JMC. A total of 97 study participants were recruited. Serum GGT and LDH levels were determined using a fully automated Roche Cobas 6000 chemistry analyzer. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. One-way ANOVA and independent samples t-test were employed to compare serum GGT and LDH levels with categories of PIHD.Results: The significantly highest mean serum levels of LDH (580.9±193.8 U/L) and GGT (86.1±29.2 U/L) were observed in eclamptic women compared to gestational hypertensive (276.7±60.7 and 38.3±16.9 U/L) and preeclamptic patients (353±132.8 and 48.8±29.9 U/L), respectively. Both serum GGT and LDH levels were found to correlate with the severity of preeclampsia, respectively significantly.Conclusion: Serum LDH and GGT were found to be at the highest levels in eclamptic than preeclamptic and gestational hypertensive women. Blood pressure, gestational age, and severity of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were predictor variables associated with serum GGT and LDH.

OVERALL SURVIVAL EVALUATION OF PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS TREATED WITH ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY BY ESTIMATING FLUCTUANT PATTERNS OF METABOLIC FACTOR SERUM LEVELS

(Background) The effects of fluctuant patterns of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) levels on overall survival of patients with prostate cancer (PC) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remain unclear. (Methods) We enrolled 236 patients with PC and divided into 3 cohorts by fluctuant patterns of serum levels of ALP and LDH between at baseline and at 1 year later, or at diagnosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): intermediate, within interquartile range (IQR) [I]; lower than IQR [L]; higher than IQR [H]. (Results) In the 1 year later ALP cohort, all parameters except age were significantly different. In the L cohort, 75% of patients had bone metastasis and > 50% developed CRPC or died. In the 1 year later LDH cohort, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-performance status (ECOG-PS) and clinical metastasis classification were significantly different among the cohorts. In the CRPC/ALP cohorts, baseline prostate-specific antigen values and clinical metastasis classification were significantly different among the cohorts, and all cases had metastasis in the L cohort. In the CRPC/LDH cohort, the L cohort had higher ECOG-PS and shorter time to CRPC. In the 1 year later ALP cohort, the hazard ratio (HR) for death of the L and H cohort to the I cohort was 3.77 and 2.27, respectively and both were significant. In the CRPC/LDH cohort, the HR for death of L cohort to I cohort was 1.99. (Conclusions) Larger fluctuations in serum ALP and LDH levels were a sign of poorer prognosis, especially for patients in the L cohort.

Index of Suspicion

A 17-year-old girl presents with intermittent right upper extremity swelling and pain over the past 2 years. Her symptoms began after an episode of Bell’s palsy. She describes swelling and an “electrical shooting” pain in the right shoulder that radiates toward her hand, followed by a cool feeling of the hand and decreased range of motion of the arm. The episodes occur during both summer and winter and can last anywhere from 2 to 30 days. Initially, between these episodes, she regained normal function, but recently has noted residual weakness. She denies any history of trauma, fever, rash, or muscle weakness. On examination, there is swelling of the entire right arm. The nails are normal. The right arm is colder in comparison with the left and has decreased hair growth. Peripheral pulses and capillary refill were normal. Pinprick and temperature sensations are intact, without hyperesthesia. Range of motion of the right arm, forearm, and hand is compromised because of pain. Except for her right arm, she is warm, well perfused, and free of joint swelling. The muscle tone is normal, and strength in the other muscle groups is 5/5. Laboratory studies reveal an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 15 mm/h, C-reactive protein <0.5 mg/dL, white blood cell count of 6.3 to 103/μL, and creatine phosphokinase level of 100 U/L. The results of additional laboratory studies, including antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, antibody test for Borrelia burgdorferi , rapid plasma regain test for syphilis, urine-amplified DNA assay for Chlamydia and gonorrhea, hemoglobin electrophoresis, serum lactic acid dehydrogenase level, and uric acid level, are normal or negative. Radiographs of cervical spine, chest, right elbow, forearm, and hand as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, cervical spine, and entire arm are normal. Right upper extremity vascular duplex ultrasonography shows normal …

HIV Disease and Aging

HIV Disease and Aging

Effective salvage therapy for lymphoma with cisplatin in combination with high-dose Ara-C and dexamethasone (DHAP)

Ninety patients with progressive recurrent lymphoma were treated with a combination of cisplatin 100 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) by continuous infusion over 24 hours, followed by cytosine arabinoside in two pulses each at a dose of 2 g/m2 given 12 hours apart. Dexamethasone, 40 mg orally or IV, was given on days 1 through 4. Vigorous hydration was reinforced by routine use of mannitol. Treatments were repeated at 3- to 4-week intervals for six to ten courses. Most patients had not achieved complete remission (CR) with prior therapies, which included Adriamycin (all patients) and methotrexate and VP-16 (58 patients). Median patient age was 55 years. Intermediate-grade lymphoma was the most frequent pathologic diagnosis. Seven patients died within two weeks of therapy; of the remaining 83 patients, 28 (34%) or 31% if all patients are considered, achieved CR, and 22 (26.5%) achieved partial remission (PR). Response was evident after the first two cycles of chemotherapy and appeared to be independent of the histopathologic type of lymphoma. To date, only eight of the complete responders have relapsed at a median follow-up of 11 months. The overall 2-year survival in 25%. Further analysis showed that patients with low tumor burden and normal lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) had a high CR response rate (67%) and a survival rate of 61% at 2 years. In contrast, patients with both high tumor burden and elevated serum LDH levels had a negligible CR rate, and only 5% are surviving at 1 year. Patients with either high tumor burden with normal LDH or low tumor burden with elevated LDH had an intermediate survival. Myelosuppression-related infection was the most frequent serious complication of this regimen (31%) and the cause of death of ten patients. Acute lysis syndrome was also observed in five patients with high tumor burden and was the cause of death in three of these patients. DHAP has proven to be an effective non-crossresistant regimen for patients with relapsing or refractory lymphoma, particularly for patients who have favorable prognostic characteristics.

Effective Salvage Therapy for Lymphoma With Cisplatin in Combination With High-Dose Ara-C and Dexamethasone (DHAP)

AbstractNinety patients with progressive recurrent lymphoma were treated with a combination of cisplatin 100 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) by continuous infusion over 24 hours, followed by cytosine arabinoside in two pulses each at a dose of 2 g/m2 given 12 hours apart. Dexamethasone, 40 mg orally or IV, was given on days 1 through 4. Vigorous hydration was reinforced by routine use of mannitol. Treatments were repeated at 3- to 4-week intervals for six to ten courses. Most patients had not achieved complete remission (CR) with prior therapies, which included Adria-mycin (all patients) and methotrexate and VP-16 (58 patients). Median patient age was 55 years. Intermediate-grade lymphoma was the most frequent pathologic diagnosis. Seven patients died within two weeks of therapy; of the remaining 83 patients, 28 (34%) or 31 % if all patients are considered, achieved CR, and 22 (26.5%) achieved partial remission (PR). Response was evident after the first two cycles of chemotherapy and appeared to be independent of the histopathologic type of lymphoma. To date, only eight of the complete responders have relapsed at a median follow-up of 11 months. The overall 2-year survival is 25%. Further analysis showed that patients with low tumor burden and normal lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) had a high CR response rate (67%) and a survival rate of 61 % at 2 years. In contrast, patients with both high tumor burden and elevated serum LDH levels had a negligible CR rate, and only 5% are surviving at 1 year. Patients with either high tumor burden with normal LDH or low tumor burden with elevated LDH had an intermediate survival. Myelosuppression-related infection was the most frequent serious complication of this regimen (31 %) and the cause of death of ten patients. Acute lysis syndrome was also observed in five patients with high tumor burden and was the cause of death in three of these patients. DHAP has proven to be an effective non-crossresistant regimen for patients with relapsing or refractory lymphoma, particularly for patients who have favorable prognostic characteristics.

Prognostic significance of serum lactic acid dehydrogenase in Ewing's tumor of bone.

Pretreatment serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were examined in 82 patients with Ewing's tumor of bone (23 metastatic and 59 localized). The percentage of patients with increased serum LDH levels was significantly higher in the metastatic group than in the group of patients with localized disease (87 vs. 45%). After treatment with combined therapy, in this latter group the recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with elevated serum LDH levels at admission than in those with normal serum LDH levels (50 vs. 9%). Of the 16 patients with localized disease who relapsed, 13 (81%) had elevated serum LDH levels at the time of recurrence. These results indicate that in Ewing's tumor serum LDH levels may serve as useful prognostic markers and could be valuable in monitoring the effectiveness of combined therapy.

Prognostic value of serum lactic dehydrogenase in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) is a glycolytic enzyme that may be elevated in the serum of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In this investigation LDH was assayed in sera from 155 untreated patients with NHL. Serum LDH (S-LDH) was found to be significantly correlated both to the spread of the disease and to the histological grade of malignancy i.e. more advanced disease or more aggressive histopathology was associated with higher S-LDH values. A high pretreatment S-LDH level (greater than 8.0 mukat/l) in stages III and IV correlated significantly to a decreased survival time. The patients with a pretreatment level of less than 8.0 mukat/l had an actuarial 2-year survival of 80%, compared to 30% in the patients with levels greater than 8.0 mukat/l (P less than 0.001). In stages I and II all 6 patients with a high pretreatment level (greater than 8.0 mukat/l) relapsed during or a short time after radiotherapy. In a longitudinal study of 24 patients it was found that S-LDH reflected in the clinical course. In patients treated to partial or complete remission, S-LDH decreased and at relapse it rose again. It is concluded that S-LDH might be useful both as a prognostic marker and to monitor the course of the disease.

LDH and Fibrinogen-Fibrin Degradation Products in Pulmonary Embolism

Serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and fibrinogen-fibrin degradation product (FDP-fdp) levels were measured in 35 patients, and LDH isozyme distributions in 11 patients with arteriographically proved pulmonary emboli. Levels of LDH tended to be maximal during the 48 hours following embolization; 30% of those measured during this interval were elevated. Distribution of serum LDH levels in these patients was similar to that in patients with congestive heart failure or pneumonia with effusion. The LDH isozyme patterns of our patients were characterized by increased LDH3. However, they were not sufficiently characteristic to differentiate pulmonary embolization from congestive heart failure or pneumonia. The FDP-fdp levels were elevated or borderline in 20%. Single measurements of LDH, LDH isozyme, and FDP-fdp levels, performed when the diagnosis is suspected with these methods, are not reliable tests for pulmonary emboli.

MASSIVE PULMONARY EMBOLISM. V. EVOLUTION OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC AND ENZYME CHANGES IN SURVIVORS.

RECOGNITION of the growing importance and increasing frequency of pulmonary embolism has centered attention on these aspects of thromboembolism: diagnosis, differentiation from and contribution to myocardial infarction, and evolution and prognosis. Awareness of thromboembolism is essential for its diagnosis. The electrocardiogram (ECG) and serial x-rays are useful aids, but the presence of small clots in the pulmonary artery remains difficult to establish conclusively. Wacker and co-workers1described a potentially useful triad for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: (1) an increase in serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (SLDH) levels within 24 hours after the embolic episode; (2) normal levels of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT); and (3) an increase in serum bilirubin levels. The present report describes the evolution of electrocardiographic changes following nonlethal pulmonary embolism in dogs, relates such changes to variation in SLDH and SGOT levels following embolism, and presents the electrocardiograph patterns observed after embolization of animals with

Effects of inanition, protein depletion and repletion on serum lactic acid dehydrogenase levels in rats.

The effects of inanition, protein depletion and repletion upon serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (SLD), total serum protein and hematocrit values have been determined in adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats. Significant increases in concentration of SLD concomitant with decreases in serum protein levels followed inanition and protein depletion. Upon repletion, subnormal SLD values occurred in groups fed a diet containing 17% or more of protein. Serum protein values for the groups were significantly increased. The results are discussed with respect to possible causes for observed changes.