Serum Interleukin-2 Receptor Research Articles

Utility of contrast-enhanced MRI radiomics features combined with clinical indicators for predicting induction chemotherapy response in primary central nervous system lymphoma.

To assess the utility of combining contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) radiomics features with clinical variables in predicting the response to induction chemotherapy (IC) for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). A total of 131 patients with PCNSL (101 in the training set and 30 in the testing set) who had undergone contrast-enhanced MRI scans were retrospectively analyzed. Pyradiomics was utilized to extract radiomics features, and the clinical variables of the patients were gathered. Radiomics prediction models were developed using different combinations of feature selection methods and machine learning models, and the best combination was ultimately chosen. We screened clinical variables associated with treatment outcomes and developed clinical prediction models. The predictive performance of radiomics model, clinical model, and combined model, which integrates the best radiomics model and clinical characteristics, was independently assessed and compared using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. In total, we extracted 1598 features. The best radiomics model we selected as the best utilized T-test and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) for feature selection and logistic regression for model building. Serum Interleukin 2 Receptor (IL-2R) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Score were utilized to develop a clinical predictive model for assessing the response to induction chemotherapy. The results of the testing set revealed that the combined prediction model (radiomics and IL-2R) achieved the highest area under the ROC curve at 0.868 (0.683, 0.967), followed by the radiomics model at 0.857 (0.681, 0.957), and the clinical prediction model (IL-2R and ECOG) at 0.618 (0.413, 0.797). The combined model was significantly more accurate than the clinical model, with an AUC of 0.868 compared to 0.618 (P < 0.05). While the radiomics model had slightly better predictive power than the clinical model, this difference was not statistically significant (AUC, 0.857 vs. 0.618, P > 0.05). Our prediction model, which combines radiomics signatures from CE-MRI with serum IL-2R, can effectively stratify patients with PCNSL before high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) -based chemotherapy.

Increase in Serum Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1ra) Levels after Wheelchair Half Marathon Race in Male Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury.

Exercise increases the serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which in turn stimulates the production of various inflammatory cytokine antagonists, such as interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) are at high risk of inflammatory conditions. This study compared the effects of wheelchair half marathon on the immune system of male athletes with CSCI and those with thoracic/lumber spinal cord injury (SCI). Neutrophil count, IL-1ra, IL-6, and various endocrine parameters were measured before, immediately and 1 h after the race in five CSCI and six SCI who completed the wheelchair marathon race. The percentage of neutrophils was significantly higher in CSCI immediately and 1 h after the race, compared with the baseline, and significantly higher in SCI at 1 h after the race. IL-6 was significantly higher immediately and 1 h after the race in SCI, whereas no such changes were noted in IL-6 in CSCI. IL-1ra was significantly higher at 1 h after the race in both SCI and CSCI. The race was associated with an increase in IL-1ra in both CSCI and SCI. These findings suggest wheelchair half marathon race increases IL-1ra even under stable IL-6 status in male CSCI individuals, and that such post-race increase in IL-1ra is probably mediated through circulatory neutrophils.

Assessment of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels in children with and without community acquired pneumonia: a hospital based case-control study.

The primary objective was to compare serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels in cases of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthy age-gender-matched controls. The secondary objective was to compare serum IL-1RA levels in cases which were positive or negative for Streptococcus pneumoniae in the blood by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Hospitalized children with World Health Organization defined CAP, aged 2-59 months, were included as cases. Healthy controls were recruited from the immunization clinic of the hospital. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to detect serum IL-1RA levels. Identification of S.pneumoniae in blood was done by RT-PCR. From October 2019 to October 2021, 330 cases (123, 37.27% female) and 330 controls (151, 45.75% females) were recruited. Mean serum IL-1RA levels (ng/ml) were 1.36 ± 0.95 in cases and 0.25 ± 0.25 in controls (p < 0.001). Within cases, serum IL-1RA levels were significantly higher in those whose RT-PCR was positive for S.pneumoniae. Thus serum IL-1RA levels may be evaluated as a surrogate marker of S.pneumoniae in future studies.

Personalized medicine in sarcoidosis: unravelling biomarkers for targeted care.

This review provides an assessment of biomarkers in sarcoidosis, aiming to address the need for improved diagnostic, prognostic and management tools. Sarcoidosis presents diagnostic challenges, necessitating the search for reliable biomarkers to guide clinical decisions. Established biomarkers such as serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and serum interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) have limitations in sensitivity and specificity. FDG-PET/CT imaging shows promising results in assessing disease activity and guiding immunosuppression. Gene expression profiling studies reveal potential biomarkers, particularly involving TH1 immune response and IFN-γ-driven signalling pathways. The field of omics sciences offers opportunities for novel biomarker discovery. These findings have implications for clinical practice and research. The limitations of established biomarkers underscore the need for improved diagnostic tools in sarcoidosis. The potential of FDG-PET/CT imaging requires further exploration. Gene expression profiling and omics sciences offer avenues for discovering novel biomarkers to enhance diagnosis and predict disease progression. Such advancements can facilitate personalized treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. Continued research is vital to validate the efficacy and clinical applicability of these biomarkers. Overall, this review emphasizes ongoing efforts to advance sarcoidosis biomarkers research and improve disease management.

Case report of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma that induced secondary hemophagocytic syndrome-related histiocytic glomerulopathy

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a proliferative disease of the mononuclear macrophage system involving multiple organs and systems. We report a 50-year-old Asian woman who presented with unexplained fever and proteinuria. Laboratory tests showed cytopenia, considerably elevated serum ferritin and IL-2 receptor concentrations, and evidence of hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. A renal biopsy showed macrophage infiltration into the glomerulus, resulting in podocyte and endothelial cell damage. We finally diagnosed the patient with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type that induced HPS-related histiocytic glomerulopathy. Proteinuria and inflammation responded to treatment with high-dose pulsed methylprednisolone combined with VP-16 and cyclosporine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of HPS-related histiocytic glomerulopathy triggered by a malignant tumor.

MALT Lymphoma Presenting as Symptomatic Optic Neuritis: A Case Report (P14-13.001)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To report a case of MALT lymphoma presenting as optic neuritis and highlight its inherent diagnostic challenges. <h3>Background:</h3> Optic neuritis (ON) is the inflammation of the optic nerve associated with multiple sclerosis,. ON with atypical clinical features require thorough evaluation. Primary ocular adnexal lymphomas are the most common orbital tumors, and IgG4-related ocular disease also presents with optic neuropathy and consists of morphologically similar immune infiltrates. Their diagnoses are challenging as corticosteroids can incur non-diagnostic biopsies, complicating further workup. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> N/A <h3>Results:</h3> 51-year-old healthy African American woman presented with one month of progressive left monocular blurry vision, color desaturation and_pain. Exam showed left visual acuity of 20/60, afferent pupillary defect, and 0/13 Ishihara plates identified in left eye. Remainder of exam was intact. MRI demonstrated left optic nerve sheath enhancement and enlargement. Another enhancing lesion was identified in the right inferior orbit. Despite visual impairment, corticosteroids were deferred prioritizing diagnostic tests. Workup was negative for autoimmunity, systemic neoplasm, and infection. CSF showed a bland profile without malignant cells. Serum and CSF IL2 receptor levels returned normal. Oligoclonal bands and IgG were elevated in serum and CSF; IgG4 levels were high at 156, raising concern for IgG4-related ocular disease. Right intra-orbital mass biopsy demonstrated atypical CD20+ lymphoid infiltrates with rare germinal centers, but &lt;10% plasma cells expressed IgG4. Further molecular analysis was positive for monoclonal IgH gene rearrangement, diagnosing mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in the right orbit and probable left optic nerve involvement. She was initiated on bendamustine and rituximab with stabilization of her ocular symptoms. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Atypical presentations of ON warrant thorough workup. IgG4-related ocular disease and ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma share similarities that require histologic and molecular analysis to differentiate. Early identification of MALT lymphoma is crucial to initiate proper therapies, maintain disease control, and preserve visual acuity. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Jia has nothing to disclose. Ms. Wyckoff has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cohen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bryar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lukas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck and Company, Inc.. Dr. Lukas has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Merck and Company, Inc.. Dr. Lukas has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Novocure. Dr. Lukas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for EBSCO. Dr. Lukas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Medlink Neurology. Dr. Lukas has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Elsevier. The institution of Dr. Lukas has received research support from BMS. The institution of Dr. Lukas has received research support from BrainUp. The institution of Dr. Lukas has received research support from National Cancer Institute. The institution of Dr. Lukas has received research support from National Cancer Institute. The institution of Dr. Lukas has received research support from Ziopharm. Dr. Dixit has nothing to disclose.

Evaluation of serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in major depressive disorder: A case-control study.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by the occurrence of one or more depressive episodes lasting a minimum of 2 weeks and is marked by a persistently low mood and a lack of enjoyment in daily activities. The diagnosis of MDD is not possible by a well-established laboratory test or biomarker. A wide range of potential biomarkers for depression have been proposed by many studies, but none of them has adequately described the correlation between the biomarkers and depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels as an early depression risk factor. The present case-control study included 88 participants. Among them, 44 MDD patients enrolled from the psychiatry department of a public hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) from various sites in Dhaka city. A qualified psychiatrist evaluated the cases and HCs based on the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). The Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale was employed to evaluate the intensity of depression. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Boster Bio, USA) was used to determine serum IL-1RA concentrations. We observed no marked alteration in the serum concentration of IL-1RA in MDD patients in comparison to HCs (292.81 ± 24.81 and 288 ± 24.87 pg/mL; p > 0.05). Among MDD patients, we found no noteworthy association between the severity of depression and serum IL-1RA levels. The findings of the present study imply that IL-1RA may not be identified as a promising biomarker for risk assessment of depression. However, its neuroprotective role may be taken into consideration for the understanding of pathophysiology of MDD.

Evaluation of serum interleukin 2 receptor and beta-2-microglobulin as prognostic factors for canine lymphoma: A pilot study.

Interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) is released from activated T cell lymphocytes and related to proliferation of B cells and T cells. Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) is synthesized from all nucleated cells and constitutes a major histocompatibility complex class I antigen. In human medicine, high concentrations of these two factors have been found to be related to prognosis in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess the correlation between the serum concentration of IL-2R and B2M and the diagnosis and prognosis of canine lymphoma. This study included 8 healthy dogs and 17 dogs with lymphoma. To measure the serum concentration of IL-2R and B2M, a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. In dogs with lymphoma, IL-2R concentrations were significantly high at the time of diagnosis, but B2M concentrations were not. In relapsed dogs, both IL-2R and B2M concentrations were significantly higher than those in the control and chemotherapy response groups. When the serum concentrations of IL-2R and B2M during chemotherapy were monitored in four relapsed dogs, B2M levels were more closely related with relapse. This study demonstrated that serum IL-2R and B2M concentration can be a diagnostic or prognostic tool for canine lymphoma. Monitoring of serum B2M concentration seems to be useful for predicting relapse.

Effects of Different Anesthetic and Analgesic Methods on Cellular Immune Function and Stress Hormone Levels in Patients Undergoing Esophageal Cancer Surgery.

The change of perioperative immune function in patients with esophageal cancer is mainly caused by the joint action of surgical trauma and anesthesia. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different anesthetic methods on the changes of T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with esophageal cancer surgery. 50 patients with esophageal cancer were divided into the study group and the control group. Among them, the patients in the control group chose intravenous anesthesia and received self-controlled intravenous analgesia after surgery. Patients in the study group chose thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia, undergoing self-controlled epidural analgesia after surgery; serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were measured by ELISA. Serum stress hormones GH and sIL-8 were measured by radioimmunoassay. Both groups of patients achieved significant postoperative analgesia, but the VAS score in the study group at the T2–T4 time point was lower than that in the control group. The serum GH concentration in the study group increased at T1 and reached its highest peak at T2, then decreased. The serum IL-8 concentration of the two groups showed a downward trend from T1 to T4. Thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia for postoperative epidural analgesia can relieve the degree of cellular immunosuppression during and after surgery. Moreover, the thoracic epidural block combined with general anesthesia for esophageal cancer surgery and epidural analgesia after surgery for patients are anesthetic and analgesic methods with clinically significant effects. Our research results have a positive effect on the promotion of postoperative rehabilitation in patients with malignant cell tumors.

Intestinal morphology and immune profiles are altered in piglets by early-weaning

This study was to investigate the developmental changes in intestinal morphology and immune profiles in suckling and weaning piglets. Seventy-two weaning piglets with equal initial body weight from 8 litters (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 9 piglets per litter) were selected. Thirty-two piglets in the suckling group were nursed by sows until they were 17, 21, 28, or 35 days of age. While the other forty piglets were weaned at 14 d of age, and then housed in the same farrowing cage without a sow and slaughtered until they were on d 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after weaning at d 14 of age (wd 0, 3, 7, 14, 21). Blood, jejunal mucosa, intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) and lamina propria T lymphocyte (LPL) were harvested from suckling piglets at d 14, 17, 21, 28 and 35 of age and weaning piglets on d 0, 3, 7, 14 and wd 0, wd 3, wd 7, wd 14 and wd 21). The results showed that compared with the wd 0, early weaning significantly declined the average daily gain of postweaning 0–7 (wd 0–7) (P < 0.05), and jejunal villus height on wd 3 (P < 0.05), as well as increased the jejunal crypt depth of piglets on wd 7, 14 and 21 (P < 0.05). And there were no significant differences in average daily gain and villus height after suckling (P > 0.05). The level of serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was increased on wd 7 and decreased on wd 21 (P < 0.05), while IFN-γ level in jejunal mucosa was enhanced at wd 3 in comparison with wd 0 (P < 0.05). And the serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels were increased at wd 14, wd 21, but the mucosa IL-4 concentration was strikingly increased on wd 7 (P < 0.05). Moreover, weaning led to the enhanced levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in serum (P < 0.05), as well as declined the levels of sIL-2R in jejunal mucosa at wd 3 (P < 0.05). In suckling piglets, the serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), IL-4 and IL-2 levels were increased with increasing age (P < 0.05), whereas the jejunal mucosa IL-1b and serum sIL-2R levels were lower (P < 0.05). Furthermore, significantly lower CD4 percentage in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were found at wd 3 and wd 7 (P < 0.05), whereas the CD8 percentage in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were enhanced on wd 3 and wd 7 than wd 0 (P < 0.05). Moreover, the weaning piglets at wd 3 had a lower CD4/CD8 ratio than wd 0 (P < 0.05). Additionally, we found that weaning decreased IgG, IL-4, IL-2 and IL-1b levels of IEL during 1-week post-weaning (P < 0.05). Similarly, the levels of IgA, IgG, IL-2 and sIL-2R in LPL medium were also declined from piglets postweaning 1 week (P < 0.05). Early weaning reduced the growth performance, damaged jejunal morphology, disrupted IFN-γ/IL-4, IL-2/sIL-2R and T lymphocyte balance, and impaired the IEL and LPL immune profiles of piglets.

Role of Magnesium plus Selenium in Management of Viral Pneumonia in Asthmatic Child

Background: Magnesium control different enzyme and is smooth muscle relaxation at the bronchia. Infection decrease selenium level which are of significance since of relationship among selenium and immunity. Objective: Assess role of magnesium plus selenium in management of viral pneumonia in asthmatic child. Material and Methods: 300 Asthmatics Child under 15 year present with viral pneumonia record in a period of 56 month starting from April 2009 to April 2014, Sub classified as 150 Asthmatics Child magnesium plus selenium group and 150 Asthmatics Child control. Magnesium 200mg plus selenium (tab) 200mcg were schedule to receive magnesium plus selenium single dose per day for 7 days While control (supportive) group received supportive treatment. Results: The estimates of magnesium plus selenium (tab) group significant improvement in heart rate (P= 0.001), rapid respiration (P=0.003), hs-CRP (P = 0.001), ESR (P =0.005), Radiological (P = 0.003), serum interleukin-2 receptor (P = 0.0002). Less than in control. Conclusions: This study indicates benefit of magnesium plus selenium supplementation in management of viral pneumonia in asthmatic child

Safety Analysis of Apatinib Combined with Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Carcinoma: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Objective To study the safety of apatinib combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma (GCA). Methods 74 patients with advanced GCA treated in the oncology department of Weifang People's Hospital (January 2019–January 2020) were enrolled in this study and equally split into study group (SG) and reference group (RG) according to the odd and even admission numbers. RG underwent chemotherapy alone, while SG received apatinib combined with chemotherapy. The clinical indicators of serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), serum interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2R), and immune cell level were detected in the two groups before and after treatment to analyze the therapeutic effect of different treatment methods on patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. Results No obvious differences in gender ratio, average age, average BMI, pathological staging, pathological types, organ metastasis types, and residence were observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). The short-term follow-up results showed that the disease control rate (DCR) in SG was markedly higher compared with RG (P < 0.05). The MMP-9 and SIL-2R levels in both groups after treatment decreased (P < 0.05), and the levels in SG after treatment were notably lower compared with RG (P < 0.001). Compared with RG, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels in SG after treatment were notably higher (P < 0.001), while the CD8+ level was notably lower (P < 0.001). The median progression-free survival (MPFS) and overall survival (OS) in SG were markedly higher compared with RG (P < 0.001). The GQOLI-74 scores in both groups after treatment increased (P < 0.001), and the GQOLI-74 score in SG after treatment was markedly higher compared with RG (P < 0.001). The total incidence of adverse reactions was lower in SG than in RG (P < 0.05). Conclusion Apatinib combined with chemotherapy is superior to chemotherapy alone in effectively improving treatment outcomes in patients with advanced GCA.

Reduction and exhausted features of T lymphocytes under serological changes, and prognostic factors in COVID-19 progression

AimsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel viral infection threatening worldwide health as currently there exists no effective treatment strategy and vaccination programs are not publicly available yet. T lymphocytes play an important role in antiviral defenses. However, T cell frequency and functionality may be affected during the disease. Material and methodsTotal blood samples were collected from patients with mild and severe COVID-19, and the total lymphocyte number, as well as CD4+ and CD8 + T cells were assessed using flowcytometry. Besides, the expression of exhausted T cell markers was evaluated. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were also investigated in the serum of all patients using enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, the obtained results were analyzed along with laboratory serological reports. ResultsCOVID-19 patients showed lymphopenia and reduced CD4+ and CD8 + T cells, as well as high percentage of PD-1 expression by T cells, especially in severe cases. Serum secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) were remarkably increased in patients with severe symptoms, as compared with healthy controls. Moreover, high levels of triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were correlated with the severity of the disease. ConclusionReduced number and function of T cells were observed in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe patients. Meanwhile, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was increased as the disease developed. High level of serum IL-2R was also considered as a sign of lymphopenia. Additionally, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia could be important prognostic factors in determining the severity of the infection.

Cytokines: Application in recurrence appraisal for differentiated thyroid carcinoma and their relation with radioiodine ablation.

The limitations in discriminating preablation disease-active status of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) still represent a major challenge to radioiodine dose management. Cytokines, the small protein signaling molecules that constitute the thyroid tumor microenvironment, play significant roles in the facilitation of intercellular communication and the control of tumorigenesis. Also, more attention should be paid to the molecular events within the innate and adaptive immune systems that occur after the organism being exposed to ionizing radiation. Therefore, we implemented a study of 260 patients with DTC in thyroid hormone withdrawal status who were treated with total thyroidectomy to explore the relationship between cytokines and recurrence/active disease status. Besides, we made a cross-sectional study to analyze pre- and post-ablation serum concentration of cytokines of 86 patients with DTC. There was a relationship between clinicohistopathological characteristics of patients with DTC and the presence of cytokines. It is noteworthy that patients with recurrence/active disease were at a higher serum interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) level than the disease-free patients (213.59 ± 75.43 pg/ml vs. 186.80 ± 77.40 pg/ml, P = 0.005). Positive correlation was observed between serum IL-2R and thyroglobulin (Tg) (P = 0.003). We also found significant changes in the cytokine profile after radioiodine ablation, including the decrease of tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-8 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively), and increase of IL-2R (P < 0.001). Thus, we suggest that serum IL-2R may assist in evaluating the disease status during the post-thyroidectomy follow-up and radioiodine therapy has an immunoregulatory effect on serum cytokines.

TA allele of rs2070673 in the CYP2E1 gene is associated with lobular inflammation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays a role in lipid metabolism, and by increasing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation, the upregulation of CYP2E1 is involved in development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to explore the relationship between CYP2E1-333A>T (rs2070673) and the histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We studied 438 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. NASH was defined as NAFLD Activity Score≥5 with existence of steatosis, ballooning, and lobular inflammation. CYP2E1-333A>T (rs2070673) was genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Serum cytokines related to inflammation were measured by the Bio-plex 200 system to investigate possible mediating factors involved in the process. The TA genotype of rs2070673 had a higher prevalence of moderate/severe lobular inflammation (27.6% vs 20.3% vs 13.3%, P<0.01) and NASH (55.7% vs 42.4% vs 40.5%, P<0.01) compared with the AA and TT genotypes, respectively. In multivariable regression modeling, the heterozygote state TA was associated with moderate/severe lobular inflammation (adjusted odds ratio: 2.31, 95% confidence interval 1.41-3.78, P<0.01) or NASH (adjusted odds ratio: 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.22-2.69, P<0.01), independently of age, sex, common metabolic risk factors, and presence of liver fibrosis. Compared with no-NASH, NASH patients had significantly higher levels of serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-18, and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), whereas only IP-10 was increased with the rs2070673 TA variant (P=0.01). Mediation analysis showed that IP-10 was responsible for ~60% of the association between the rs2070672 and NASH. The TA allele of rs2070673 is strongly associated with lobular inflammation and NASH, and this effect appears to be largely mediated by serum IP-10 levels.

Clinical Significance of Interleukin-2 Receptor, Interleukin-8 Expression Levels in the Diagnosis of Infection in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

To investigate the clinical value of expression level of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the fever patients with hematological malignancies. A total of 121 inpatients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from April 2018 to October 2019 were enrolled in this study. The patients were separated into infection group (61 cases) and non-infection group (60 cases). In the meantime, 40 healthy people without fever or infection in the hospital for physical examination were set as matched group. C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and cytokines were detected in all the patients with fever after admission and infection control. While, blood samples were taken from healthy people during physical examination. The expression levels of IL-2R in infection group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.001), and the level of serum IL-2R in infection group was also higher than that in the non-infection group (P<0.05). Based on Spearman analysis, in patients with malignant hematologic disease, serum IL-2R level was positively correlated with CRP (r=0.557, P<0.001) and IL-8 (r=0.479, P<0.001), and IL-8 level was positively correlated with CRP (r=0.318, P<0.001). Compared with the non-infection group, the area under the curve (AUC) for the level of CRP, PCT, and IL-2R of the infection group was 0.714 (95%CI: 0.623-0.806), 0.765 (95%CI: 0.680-0.851), and 0.761 (95%CI: 0.686-0.836), the sensitivity was 0.705, 0.852, and 0.705, and the specificity was 0.717, 0.70, and 0.60, respectively. While, AUC of CRP+PCT, CRP+IL-2R, PCT+IL-2R, and CRP+PCT+IL-2R was 0.789 (95%CI: 0.712-0.866), 0.702 (95%CI: 0.623-0.782), 0.757 (95%CI: 0.677-0.838), and 0.789 (95%CI: 0.712-0.866), the sensitivity was 0.738, 0.934, 0.705, and 0.738, and the specificity was 0.840, 0.470, 0.810, and 0.840, respectively. CRP, PCT, IL-2R, and IL-8 are useful parameters for diagnosis of the infectious fever in patients with hematological malignancies, which provides the basis of initial diagnosis and rational use of antibioties for clinician.

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor in exhaled breath condensate in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a cross-sectional pilot study

Introduction. Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology with a variable clinical course and prognosis. There is an urgent need to identify new and novel biomarkers to help differentiate between clinical phenotypes and guide clinical decisions with respect to commencing and monitoring treatment. Across the spectrum of respiratory disease there has been a growing interest in the role of breath-based biomarkers given their non-invasive nature and ability to repeat sampling with ease for serial monitoring. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL2R) in bronchoalveolar lavage and serum correlates with disease activity in sarcoidosis; however, no previous study has evaluated sIL2R in exhaled breath. Objectives. The main aim of this cross-sectional case-controlled pilot study was to determine the concentration of sIL2R in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from patients with recently diagnosed sarcoidosis compared to healthy volunteers and to establish, if present, if this correlated with markers of disease activity, pulmonary function tests and serological markers used in current clinical practice. Methods. Paired serum and EBC samples were collected from twelve treatment naïve patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis diagnosed during the previous six months and compared to twelve healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. Results. Mean concentration of serum sIL2R was significantly elevated in participants with sarcoidosis compared to healthy controls (1584.3 ± 489.1 versus 874.2 ± 235.7 pg mL−1; p = 0.001). Soluble interleukin-2 receptor in EBC was detectable in only five subjects including three participants with sarcoidosis. The range of sIL2R across all five samples was 148.0–288.2 pg mL−1 with the two highest concentrations observed in two participants with sarcoidosis. There was no significant difference observed in EBC sIL2R between sarcoidosis and healthy controls (p = 0.71). No apparent correlations were observed between EBC sIL2R and radiological stage, pulmonary function tests or serological markers. Conclusion. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor is detectable in EBC; however, the findings from our study do not support its role as a diagnostic marker in sarcoidosis. Further research is required to evaluate its prognostic utility.

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major global health threat with a great number of deaths worldwide. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. We aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors and in-hospital outcomes of AKI in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in the intensive care unit of Tongji Hospital, which was assigned responsibility for the treatments of severe COVID-19 patients by the Wuhan government. AKI was defined and staged based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Mild AKI was defined as stage 1, and severe AKI was defined as stage 2 or stage 3. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate AKI risk factors, and Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between AKI and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 119 patients with COVID-19 were included in our study. The median patient age was 70 years (interquartile range, 59–77) and 61.3% were male. Fifty-one (42.8%) patients developed AKI during hospitalization, corresponding to 14.3% in stage 1, 28.6% in stage 2 and 18.5% in stage 3, respectively. Compared to patients without AKI, patients with AKI had a higher proportion of mechanical ventilation mortality and higher in-hospital mortality. A total of 97.1% of patients with severe AKI received mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality was up to 79.4%. Severe AKI was independently associated with high in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.06–3.13). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high serum interleukin-8 (OR: 4.21; 95% CI: 1.23–14.38), interleukin-10 (OR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.04–10.59) and interleukin-2 receptor (OR: 4.50; 95% CI: 0.73–6.78) were risk factors for severe AKI development. Conclusions: Severe AKI was associated with high in-hospital mortality, and inflammatory response may play a role in AKI development in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

A CASE OF NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH BRONCHIAL ATRESIA

SESSION TITLE: Fellows Chest Infections Posters SESSION TYPE: Fellow Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: October 18-21, 2020 INTRODUCTION: This case report describes an extremely rare condition of nontuberculous mycobacteria associated with bronchial atresia. To the best of our knowledge, there has been only one case report which described this condition. CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old woman presented to the previous hospital for right back pain and dry cough that persisted for two days. Chest radiograph showed a mass-like shadow in the right lower lung field. Initially, she was diagnosed with pneumonia and antibiotic treatment (clavulanate/amoxicillin and azithromycin) was started. On the eighth day of antibiotic treatment, the abnormal shadow in the right lower lung field on chest radiograph enlarged and she was referred to our hospital for a detailed examination and treatment. On admission, her body temperature was 37.6℃, blood pressure was 145/87mmHg, and other vital signs were normal. Laboratory test values, including serum interleukin-2 receptor, antinuclear antibody, PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA, were within normal limits. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) revealed irregular consolidation in the lower lobe of the right lung with internal calcification, emphysematous changes around the lesion, a Y-Shaped opacity considered to be an obstructed bronchus. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed no abnormal findings. From these findings, some infectious disease associated with congenital lung malformation was suspected. Her slight fever persisted and the lesion in the right lower lobe did not improve despite antibiotic treatment. Therefore, she underwent right lower lobectomy for the definitive diagnosis and treatment. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed multiple granulomas with multinucleated giant cells, necrosis, and psammoma bodies. BCG stain and Auramine O fluorescence microscopy stain were positive. Finally, PCR of the surgical specimen revealed positive results for Mycobacterium avium. From these findings, the patient was diagnosed with nontuberculous mycobacteria associated with bronchial atresia, and her condition was stable after the surgery without any treatment. DISCUSSION: Nontuberculous mycobacteria complicated with bronchial atresia is an extremely rare condition. To the best our knowledge, there is only one case report describing this condition in the English literature (1). For making a definitive diagnosis, necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis (NSG) was a very important differential disease. NSG is also an extremely rare disease characterized by pulmonary infiltrations with pathological findings, consisting of granulomas with variable extent of necrosis and vasculitis (2). In our patient, BCG stain and PCR identified Mycobacterium avium, and NSG was excluded. CONCLUSIONS: We herein described a rare case of nontuberculous mycobacteria associated with bronchial atresia. We believe that our case will add to our understanding and recognition of the spectrum of this rare condition. Reference #1: Matsuoka K, Ueda M, Miyamoto Y. Mycobacterium avium infection complicating congenital bronchial atresia. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016 Oct;24(8):808-810. Reference #2: Liebow AA. The J. Burns Amberson lecture--pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973 Jul;108(1):1-18. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Yuri Hiramatsu, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Takafumi Kawabata, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Yosuke Murakami, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Saori Nishizawa, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Mitsukuni Sakabe, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by TAKUTO SUEYASU, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Kazunori Tobino, source=Web Response

Hypercalcemia After Cosmetic Oil Injections: Unraveling Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Severity.

Intramuscular injections of paraffin oil can cause foreign body granuloma formation and hypercalcemia. Macrophages with the ability to produce high levels of 1,25(OH)2 D3 may induce the mineral disturbance, but no major series of patients have been published to date. Here, medical history, physical evaluation, biochemical, and urinary analysis for calcium homeostasis were obtained from 88 males, who 6 years previously had injected paraffin or synthol oil into skeletal muscle. Moreover, granuloma tissue from three men was cultured for 48 hours ex vivo to determine 1,25(OH)2 D3 production supported by qPCR and immunohistochemistry of vitamin D metabolism and immune cell populations after treatment with 14 different drugs. The 88 men were stratified into men with hypercalcemia (34%), whereas normocalcemic men were separated into men with either normal (42%) or suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH) (24%). All men had high calcium excretion, and nephrolithiasis was found in 48% of hypercalcemic men, 22% of normocalcemic men with normal PTH, and 47% of normocalcemic men with suppressed PTH. Risk factors for developing hypercalcemia were oil volume injected, injection of heated oil, high serum interleukin-2 receptor levels, and high urine calcium. High 1,25(OH)2 D3 /25OHD ratio, calcium excretion, and low PTH was associated with nephrolithiasis. The vitamin D activating enzyme CYP27B1 was markedly expressed in granuloma tissue, and 1,25(OH)2 D3 was released in concentrations corresponding to 40% to 50% of the production by human kidney specimens. Dexamethasone, ketoconazole, and ciclosporin significantly suppressed granulomatous production of 1,25(OH)2 D3 . In conclusion, this study shows that injection of large oil volumes alters calcium homeostasis and increases the risk of nephrolithiasis. Hypercalciuria is an early sign of disease, and high granulomatous 1,25(OH)2 D3 production is part of the cause. Prospective clinical trials are needed to determine if ciclosporin, ketoconazole, or other drugs can be used as prednisolone-sparing treatment. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).