Serum IgA Antibody Responses Research Articles

Effects of immunization with natural and recombinant lysine decarboxylase on canine gingivitis development

Periodontal disease, gingival inflammation (gingivitis) and periodontal attachment loss (periodontitis), causes tooth loss and susceptibility to chronic inflammation. Professionally scaling and cleaning the teeth regularly controls the disease, but is expensive in companion animals. Eikenella corrodens is common in canine oral cavities where it is a source of lysine decarboxylase (LDC). In human dental biofilms (plaques), LDC converts lysine to cadaverine and impairs the gingival epithelial barrier to bacteria. LDC vaccination may therefore retard gingivitis development. Year-old beagle dogs provided blood samples, and had weight and clinical measurements (biofilm and gingivitis) recorded. After scaling and cleaning, two dogs were immunized subcutaneously with 0.2mg native LDC from E. corrodens and 2 sets of four dogs with 0.2mg recombinant LDC purified from Escherichia coli. A third set of 4 dogs was immunized intranasally. Rehydragel®, Emulsigen®, Polygen™ or Carbigen™ were used as adjuvant. Four additional pairs of dogs were sham-immunized with each adjuvant alone (controls). Immunizations were repeated twice, 3 weeks apart, and clinical measurements were obtained after another 2 weeks, when the teeth were scaled and cleaned again. Tooth brushing was then stopped and the diet was changed from hard to soft chow. Clinical measurements were repeated after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Compared with sham-immunized dogs, gingivitis was reduced over all 8 weeks of soft diet after subcutaneous immunization with native LDC, or after intranasal immunization with recombinant LDC in Carbigen™, but for only 6 of the 8 weeks after subcutaneous immunization with recombinant LDC in Emulsigen® (repeated measures ANOVA). Subcutaneous vaccination induced a strong serum IgG antibody response that decreased during the soft diet period, whereas intranasal immunization induced a weak serum IgA antibody response that did not decrease. Immunization with recombinant LDC may provide protection from gingivitis if procedures are optimized.

Impaired IgA class switching in APRIL-deficient mice

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member APRIL binds to the receptors BCMA on B cells and TACI on B and T cells. To investigate the role of APRIL in immunity, we generated APRIL-deficient mice. APRIL(-/-) mice have normal T and B lymphocyte development, normal T and B cell proliferation in vitro, but increased numbers of CD44(hi)CD62L(lo) CD4(+) effector/memory T cells and increased IgG responses to T-dependent antigens. Serum IgA levels were significantly decreased, and serum IgA antibody responses to mucosal immunization with TD antigens and to type 1 T-independent antigens were impaired in APRIL(-/-) mice. APRIL by itself induced IgA as well as IgG1 isotype switching in CD40-deficient IgM(+)IgD(+) sorted B cells. These results suggest that APRIL down-regulates T cell-dependent antibody responses and promotes IgA class switching.

Antibody responses in the serum and gut of chicken lines differing in cecal carriage of Salmonella enteritidis

Salmonella frequently causes human foodborne infections. Contaminated products from poultry infected with Salmonella enteritidis are mainly involved. This serovar is able to colonize the gastrointestinal tract and generally produces a chronic asymptomatic carrier state in poultry, except in very young birds. We have developed a model of S. enteritidis carriage in chicks and found that four chicken lines, B13, L2, PA12 and Y11 differ in their cecal colonization by S. enteritidis, whereas their systemic organs are similarly infected. We have monitored the serum and gut antibody responses of these four lines to S. enteritidis for 9 weeks post inoculation (pi). We confirm that S. enteritidis infected the spleens of the four chicken lines similarly, and that it often colonized the ceca at levels significantly higher in B13 and L2 chicks than those of the PA12 and Y11 chicks. The serum IgM and IgG antibody responses were high and the serum IgA antibody responses low. In contrast, the intestinal secretions contained mostly IgA antibodies. The serum IgM antibody values of the four chicken lines were similar. However, the B13 and L2 chicks often had significantly higher serum IgG and IgA antibody responses than PA12 and Y11 chicks. Only the B13 and L2 chicks showed high, persistent levels of IgA antibody in intestinal secretions. These results suggest that most antibody responses are related to cecal colonization by S. enteritidis. They also indicate that factors other than the antibody levels are involved in the control of this colonization.

Application of liposomes for development of oral vaccines: study of in vitro stability of liposomes and antibody response to antigen associated with liposomes after oral immunization.

In order to evaluate the usefulness of liposomes as oral vaccines, the stability of liposomes and serum IgA antibody response to antigen associated with liposomes after oral administration were examined. Liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS), and cholesterol (Chol) (1:1:2, molar ratio), distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and Chol (7:2, molar ratio), and DSPC, DPPS, and Chol (7:3:2 or 1:1:2, molar ratio) were stable in acidic solution (pH 2.0), bile, and pancreatin solution, whereas liposomes composed of DPPC and Chol (7:2, molar ratio) and DPPC, DPPS, and Chol (7:3:2, molar ratio) were unstable in pH 2.0 and/or bile solutions. After the oral immunization of antigen (ganglioside GM1)-containing liposomes composed of DPPC, DPPS, and Chol (1:1:2, molar ratio) to mice, the serum IgA antibody responses against ganglioside GM1 were found. Furthermore, when monophosphoryl lipid A was incorporated into liposomes containing ganglioside GM1, further augmentation of IgA responses to ganglioside GM1 was observed. On the other hand, the oral administration with liposomes composed of DPPC, Chol, and ganglioside GM1 (unstable liposomes), ganglioside GM1 mixed with liposomes composed of DPPC, DPPS and Chol, and ganglioside GM1 alone was unable to induce any detectable anti-ganglioside GM1 IgA antibody responses. These results suggest that liposomes which showed the stability to acidic solution, bile, and pancreatin solution would serve effectively as an oral delivery vehicle for inducing mucosal immune responses.

Serum IgA Antibody Response To Cryptosporidium parvum Is Mainly Represented By IgA1

Journal Article Serum IgA Antibody Response To Cryptosporidium parvum Is Mainly Represented By IgA1 Get access L. Favennec, L. Favennec Reprints or correspondence: Dr. L. Favennec, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, B,P, 97, 76803 Saint Etienne du Rouvray Cedex, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. Comby, E. Comby Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. J. Ballet, J. J. Ballet Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Brasseur P. Brasseur Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 171, Issue 1, January 1995, Page 256, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/171.1.256 Published: 01 January 1995

The intestinal and serum humoral immune response of mice to orally administered antigens in liposomes: II. The response to liposome-entrapped bacterial proteins

Effective oral adjuvants are needed to improve the intestinal immune responses to oral vaccines that are based on relatively low molecular weight antigens refined from veterinary pathogens. Liposomes prepared by different methods and composed of phospholipids of varying transition temperature were used to entrap cholera toxin (CT) and fed to mice. No significant increase in the intestinal antibody nor the serum IgA antibody response was detected but levels of serum IgG anti-CT antibody were significantly elevated in the group fed CT in phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes. Levels of antibody were significantly reduced in the groups fed CT in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes. Escherichia coli wall extract (ECWE) entrapped in certain liposome types and fed to mice elicited significantly increased serum anti-ECWE antibody responses but intestinal antibody responses were insignificantly different from the controls. These results suggest that orally administered liposomes fail to act as potent intestinal adjuvants for the entrapped antigens of bacterial origin used in this study.

Enterovirus‐specific serum IgA antibody responses in patients with acute infections, chronic cardiac disease, and recently diagnosed insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

Employing an antibody class capture ELISA, we assessed the significance of enterovirus (EV)-specific serum IgA (EV-IgA) as a marker of EV infection. EV-IgA was detectable in 64% of sera from patients with acute illnesses which may be attributable to EV infection who also had EV-IgM, but also in 30% of sera from patients without evidence of EV infection. High EV-IgA levels were more closely associated with the presence of EV-IgM and were demonstrable in 39% of patients with acute infections who were EV-IgM positive, compared to 3% of those who were EV-IgM negative. Among patients with acute EV infection confirmed by virus isolation, EV-IgA was present in 67% and EV-IgM was present in 83%. As a marker of acute EV infection, EV-IgA is less sensitive and less specific than EV-IgM. EV-IgA responses in patients with chronic cardiac disease paralleled EV-IgM responses in some cases but there was no significant association between these two antibody responses in this group as a whole. High EV-IgA responses were present in 20% of EV-IgM positive and 21% of EV-IgM negative patients, and may persist as a result of an immunoregulatory defect leading to virus or antigen persistence at mucosal surfaces. High EV-IgA levels were also detectable in 33% of EV-IgM positive newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetics but in none who were EV-IgM negative, which suggests that most EV infections in these patient were acute rather than persistent.

Antigen specific serum antibody response to Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease.

Sera from 35 patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with and without Chlamydia trachomatis confirmed by culture and sera from 19 control patients with neither evidence of pelvic infection nor C trachomatis infection were studied for the presence of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to C trachomatis using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunoblotting techniques. There was no correlation between the antibody concentrations in the EIA and the spread of chlamydial infection, as determined by cervical, endometrial, and laparoscopic sampling for chlamydia. The immunoblot analysis showed antibodies to the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of C trachomatis elementary bodies in all patients who had had C trachomatis isolated. Reactivity was also frequently observed against the 68, 62, 60, 45, and 31 kilodalton antigens. About 20 antigenic polypeptides were identified. Differences in antibody prevalence to specific chlamydial antigens, however, were not related to the site of chlamydial isolation or serum antibody concentrations observed with the EIA. The results indicate that patients with PID with and without upper genital tract infection with C trachomatis cannot be differentiated by reactivity of sera to specific chlamydial polypeptide antigens. The determination of a specific serum IgA antibody response by EIA was the most effective single test to discriminate between patients with and without acute chlamydial infection.

Class-specific antibody responses in school children vaccinated with an A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1)-like recombinant influenza virus prepared from the A/Leningrad/134/57 paediatric cold-adapted donor strain

Forty-three school children from 8 to 11 years old were vaccinated intranasally with two doses of a paediatric attenuated influenza vaccine developed by reassortment between cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/57(H2N2) and an A/Brazil/11/78(H1N1)-like strain. Two vaccine doses were administered 1 month apart in a randomized, blind, placebo-controlled study. Although the first vaccine dose had a low infectivity titre, overall 65% of children who received two doses of vaccine showed serological evidence of infection by HI tests. Serum IgA antibody responses against the vaccine strain were detected in nearly 50% of the vaccinees and serum IgG antibody responses were detected in ≈40% by an enzyme immunoassay.

Kinetics of anti-Campylobacter jejuni monomeric and polymeric immunoglobulin A1 and A2 responses in serum during acute enteritis.

The intensity and kinetics of the serum polymeric and monomeric immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) and IgA2 antibody responses to Campylobacter jejuni were analyzed. A rapid and marked serum IgA antibody response involving both the monomeric and polymeric components of IgA was observed after C. jejuni infections. IgA antibodies reached a peak of activity in serum during week 2 after the first symptoms of enteritis, about 10 days before the peak of IgG activity. Polymeric IgA accounted for most of the anti-C. jejuni activity at the peak of the IgA response (median, 90%; range, 44 to 98%) but rapidly disappeared from serum over a few weeks. In contrast, the serum monomeric IgA antibody response was low and was maintained over a prolonged period of time. Anti-C. jejuni IgA detected in the serum of healthy blood donors was mainly monomeric (median, 83%; range, 17 to 94%). In both the patients and the positive controls, IgA1 was the predominant (greater than 85%) subclass involved, even when the IgA antibody response was mainly polymeric. Our results suggest that polymeric IgA antibody responses are linked to a strong or persisting antigenic stimulation or both. Polymeric IgA antibodies appear to be a potential marker of acute C. jejuni infections, and their determination could provide a useful tool for the serological diagnosis of recent C. jejuni infections.

Surgery of the Neonate

Sera from 35 patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with and without Chlamydia trachomatis confirmed by culture and sera from 19 control patients with neither evidence of pelvic infection nor C trachomatis infection were studied for the presence of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to C trachomatis using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunoblotting techniques. There was no correlation between the antibody concentrations in the EIA and the spread of chlamydial infection, as determined by cervical, endometrial, and laparoscopic sampling for chlamydia. The immunoblot analysis showed antibodies to the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of C trachomatis elementary bodies in all patients who had had C trachomatis isolated. Reactivity was also frequently observed against the 68, 62, 60, 45, and 31 kilodalton antigens. About 20 antigenic polypeptides were identified. Differences in antibody prevalence to specific chlamydial antigens, however, were not related to the site of chlamydial isolation or serum antibody concentrations observed with the EIA. The results indicate that patients with PID with and without upper genital tract infection with C trachomatis cannot be differentiated by reactivity of sera to specific chlamydial polypeptide antigens. The determination of a specific serum IgA antibody response by EIA was the most effective single test to discriminate between patients with and without acute chlamydial infection.

Deficient IgA Antibody Responses to Arsanilic Acid Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) in Neonatally Thymectomized Rabbits

Abstract The anti-hapten antibody response to intravenously injected arsanilic acid-bovine serum albumin was studied in neonatally thymectomized, 8-week-old rabbits using the Cla fixation and transfer test. This test allows quantitation of antibody in individual immunoglobulin classes. The IgG antibody response of thymectomized rabbits was not significantly different from the response of intact rabbits and the IgM antibody response of thymectomized rabbits was only slightly diminished. In contrast, the IgA antibody response of thymectomized rabbits was absent or strikingly diminished. This depressed IgA antibody response was also observed when animals were stimulated with a dose of antigen 10-fold greater than the original dose. It is proposed that for at least certain antigens, serum IgA antibody responses are more dependent on the thymus-derived cell system than are antibody responses in other immunoglobulin classes.