Serum Gastric Parietal Cell Antibody Positivity Research Articles

Higher frequencies of anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in folic acid-deficient Taiwanese male oral submucous fibrosis patients

Background/purposeOral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a progressive fibrotic oral mucosal disease associated with betel quid chewing. This study evaluated whether Taiwanese male OSF patients with folic acid (FA) deficiency (the serum FA level ≤6 ng/mL, so-called FA-deficient OSF patients) had high frequencies of blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity. Materials and methodsThe blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, FA, and GPCA concentrations in 59 Taiwanese male FA-deficient OSF patients were measured and compared with the corresponding data in 118 age-matched healthy male control subjects. ResultsWe found that 3 (5.1%), 35 (59.3%), and 7 (11.9%) of the 59 FA-deficient OSF patients had blood Hb (<13 g/dL) and serum vitamin B12 (≤450 pg/mL) deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, 59 FA-deficient OSF patients had significantly higher frequencies of serum vitamin B12 deficiency and serum GPCA positivity than 118 healthy control subjects (all P-values <0.05). Of the 3 anemic FA-deficient OSF patients, one had macrocytic anemia and the other two had thalassemia trait-induced anemia. ConclusionWe conclude that Taiwanese male FA-deficient OSF patients have high frequencies of serum vitamin B12 deficiency and GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects. The vitamin B12 and FA deficiencies in FA-deficient OSF patients are more likely due to OSF symptoms and signs-caused insufficient intake, difficulty in chewing and swallowing, and malabsorption of food fragment-bound vitamin B12 and FA rather than the GPCA positivity in these OSF patients.

High frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia in Taiwanese male patients with oral submucous fibrosis

Background/purpose: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a betel quid chewing-caused oral mucosal disease with progressive collagen deposition. This study evaluated whether Taiwanese male OSF patients had high frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity. Materials and methodsThe blood hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA concentrations in 62 male OSF patients were measured and compared with the corresponding data in 124 age-matched male healthy control subjects. ResultsWe found that 5 (8.1%), 12 (19.4%), 32 (51.6%), 31 (50.0%), 22 (35.5%), and 6 (9.7%) of the 62 male OSF patients had Hb (<13 g/dL), iron (≤70 μg/dL), vitamin B12 (≤450 pg/mL), and folic acid (≤6 ng/mL) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (>12 μM), and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, OSF patients had significantly higher frequencies of Hb (P = 0.006), vitamin B12 (P < 0.001), and folic acid (P < 0.001) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (P < 0.001), and serum GPCA positivity (P = 0.030) than 124 healthy control subjects. Of the 22 OSF patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, 4 had vitamin B12 deficiency only, 7 had folic acid deficiency only, and 11 had both vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies. ConclusionWe conclude that Taiwanese male OSF patients have high frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity. The hyperhomocysteinemia in our OSF patients is predominantly due to deficiencies of either vitamin B12 or folic acid or both.

Higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in vitamin B12-deficient Taiwanese male oral submucous fibrosis patients

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a progressive fibrotic oral mucosal disease associated with betel quid chewing. This study evaluated whether Taiwanese male OSF patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (the serum vitamin B12 level ≤ 450pg/mL, B12-deficient OSF patients) had high frequencies of blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron and folic acid deficiencies, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity. The blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and GPCA concentrations in 66 Taiwanese male B12-deficient OSF patients were measured and compared with the corresponding data in 132 age-matched healthy male control subjects. We found that 6 (9.1%), 19 (28.8%), 35 (53.0%), and 9 (13.6%) of the 66 B12-deficient OSF patients had blood Hb (<13g/dL) and serum iron (≤70μg/dL), and folic acid (≤6ng/mL) deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, 66 OSF patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity than 132 healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.05). Of the 6 anemic B12-deficient OSF patients, one had macrocytic anemia, two normocytic anemia, and three thalassemia trait-induced anemia. Taiwanese male B12-deficient OSF patients have high frequencies of blood Hb, serum iron and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity. The anemia and hematinic deficiencies in B12-deficient OSF patients are likely due to OSF symptoms and signs-caused insufficient intake, poor chewing, and malabsorption of hematinic elements from ingested food stuffs rather than the GPCA positivity.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in burning mouth syndrome patients with normocytosis

Background/PurposeNormocytosis is defined as having the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) between 80 fL and 99.9 fL. This study evaluated whether 770 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients with normocytosis (so-called normocytosis/BMS patients) had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than 442 healthy control subjects or 884 BMS patients.Materials and methodsComplete blood count, serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 884 BMS patients (including 770 normocytosis/BMS patients) and 442 healthy control subjects were measured and compared.ResultsWe found that 12.3%, 13.2%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 17.3%, and 10.5% of 770 normocytosis/BMS patients had blood hemoglobin (Hb), iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, 770 normocytosis/BMS patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 442 healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.005). On the contrary, 770 normocytosis/BMS patients had significantly lower frequencies of blood Hb and vitamin B12 deficiencies than overall 884 BMS patients (both P-values < 0.01).ConclusionWe conclude that there are significantly higher frequencies of anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity in normocytosis/BMS patients than in healthy control subjects. On the contrary, normocytosis/BMS patients do have significantly lower frequencies of blood Hb and vitamin B12 deficiencies than overall BMS patients.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in burning mouth syndrome patients with macrocytosis

Background/purposeMacrocytosis is defined as having the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) ≥ 100 fL. This study evaluated whether 46 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients with macrocytosis had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than 442 healthy control subjects or 884 BMS patients. Materials and methodsComplete blood count, serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 46 BMS patients with macrocytosis, 884 BMS patients, and 442 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. ResultsWe found that 65.2%, 23.9%, 47.8%, 0.0%, 60.9%, and 45.7% of 46 BMS patients with macrocytosis were diagnosed as having blood hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Moreover, 46 BMS patients with macrocytosis had significantly higher frequencies of blood hemoglobin and serum vitamin B12 deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 442 healthy control subjects or 884 BMS patients (all P-values < 0.001). In addition, 46 BMS patients with macrocytosis also had a significantly higher frequency of serum iron deficiency than 442 healthy control subjects (P < 0.001). Pernicious anemia was found in 15 BMS patients with macrocytosis. ConclusionThere are significantly higher frequencies of anemia and serum iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity in BMS patients with macrocytosis than in healthy control subjects. BMS patients with macrocytosis also have significantly higher frequencies of anemia, serum vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than BMS patients.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in burning mouth syndrome patients with or without microcytosis

Background/purposeMicrocytosis is defined as having mean corpuscular volume <80 fL. This study evaluated whether 68 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients with microcytosis and 816 BMS patients without microcytosis had higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than 442 healthy control subjects. Materials and methodsComplete blood count and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 68 BMS patients with microcytosis, 816 BMS patients without microcytosis, and 442 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. ResultsWe found that 73.5%, 44.1%, 4.4%, 2.9%, 13.2%, and 10.3% of 68 BMS patients with microcytosis and 15.3%, 13.8%, 4.8%, 2.2%, 19.7%, and 12.5% of 816 BMS patients without microcytosis had blood hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Both 68 BMS patients with microcytosis and 816 BMS patients without microcytosis had significantly higher frequencies of blood hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 442 healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.05). Moreover, 68 BMS patients with microcytosis had significantly higher frequencies of blood hemoglobin and iron deficiencies than 816 BMS patients without microcytosis. ConclusionThere are significantly higher frequencies of anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity in BMS patients with or without microcytosis than in healthy control subjects. BMS patients with microcytosis have significantly higher frequencies of blood hemoglobin and iron deficiencies than BMS patients without microcytosis.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in burning mouth syndrome patients with or without hyperhomocysteinemia

Background/purposeOur previous study found that 170 of 884 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients have hyperhomocysteinemia. This study assessed whether these 170 BMS patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than 714 BMS patients without hyperhomocysteinemia or 442 healthy control subjects. Materials and methodsThe blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 170 BMS patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, 714 BMS patients without hyperhomocysteinemia, and 442 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. ResultsWe found that 170 BMS patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of macrocytosis, blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity than 442 healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.001) or 714 BMS patients without hyperhomocysteinemia (all P-values < 0.05). Anemia was found in 77 of 170 BMS patients with hyperhomocysteinemia and in 98 of 714 BMS patients without hyperhomocysteinemia. Normocytic anemia (47 cases) and pernicious anemia (15 cases) were the two most common types of anemia in 170 BMS patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. Moreover, normocytic anemia (48 cases), iron deficiency anemia (21 cases), and thalassemia trait-induced anemia (21 cases) were the three most common types of anemia in 714 BMS patients without hyperhomocysteinemia. ConclusionBMS patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of macrocytosis, anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects or BMS patients without hyperhomocysteinemia.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in burning mouth syndrome patients with vitamin B12 deficiency

Background/purposeOur previous study found that 42 of 884 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients have vitamin B12 deficiency. This study assessed whether the vitamin B12-deficient BMS (B12D/BMS) patients had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than healthy control subjects and evaluated whether all B12D/BMS patients had pernicious anemia (PA). Materials and methodsThe blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 42 B12D/BMS patients and 442 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. ResultsWe found that 42 B12D/BMS patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and serum iron and vitamin B12 levels as well as significantly higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean serum homocysteine level than healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.05). Moreover, 42 B12D/BMS patients had significantly higher frequencies of macrocytosis (52.4%), blood Hb (61.9%) and serum iron (26.2%) and vitamin B12 (100.0%) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (83.3%), and serum GPCA positivity (42.9%) than 442 healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.001). Moreover, of 26 anemic B12D/BMS patients, 15 (57.7%) had PA, 5 (19.2%) had macrocytic anemia other than PA, 4 (15.4%) had normocytic anemia, and 2 (7.7%) had thalassemia trait-induced anemia. ConclusionB12D/BMS patients have significantly higher frequencies of macrocytosis, blood Hb and serum iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects. Although PA is the most common type of anemia in our B12D/BMS patients, only 15 (35.7%) of 42 B12D/BMS patients have PA.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in burning mouth syndrome patients with iron deficiency

Background/purposeOur previous study found that 143 of 884 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients have iron deficiency (ID). This study assessed whether all BMS patients with ID (so-called ID/BMS patients) had iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and evaluated whether the ID/BMS patients had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than healthy control subjects.Materials and methodsThe blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 143 ID/BMS patients and 442 healthy control subjects were measured and compared.ResultsWe found that 143 ID/BMS patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid levels as well as significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level than healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.01). Moreover, 143 ID/BMS patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb (55.9%) and serum iron (100.0%), vitamin B12 (7.7%), and folic acid (2.1%) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (27.3%), and serum GPCA positivity (12.6%) than 442 healthy control subjects (all P-values < 0.001). Furthermore, of 80 anemic ID/BMS patients, 5 (6.3%) had pernicious anemia, 5 (6.3%) had macrocytic anemia other than pernicious anemia, 42 (52.5%) had normocytic anemia, 21 (26.3%) had IDA, and 7 (8.8%) had thalassemia trait-induced anemia.ConclusionID/BMS patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects. Normocytic anemia is the most common type of anemia in ID/BMS patients.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in 884 patients with burning mouth syndrome

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by burning sensation of the oral mucosa in the absence of clinically apparent oral mucosal alterations. This study evaluated the anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity in 884 BMS patients. The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, GPCA levels in 884 BMS patients were measured and compared with the corresponding levels in 442 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. We found that 175 (19.8%), 143 (16.2%), 42 (4.8%), 20 (2.3%), 170 (19.2%), and 109 (12.3%) BMS patients had blood Hb, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Moreover, 884 BMS patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 442 healthy control subjects (all P-values<0.005). Of 175 anemic BMS patients, 95 had normocytic anemia, 27 had thalassemia trait-induced anemia, 21 had iron deficiency anemia, 15 had pernicious anemia, 15 had macrocytic anemia other than pernicious anemia, and 2 had microcytic anemia other than iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait-induced anemia. Burning sensation of oral mucosa (100.0%), dry mouth (48.1%), numbness of oral mucosa (30.7%), and dysfunction of taste (16.7%) were the four common symptoms in 884 BMS patients. BMS patients have significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in atrophic glossitis patients with vitamin B12 deficiency

Our previous study found that 56 of 1064 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients have vitamin B12 deficiency. This study assessed whether the AG patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (B12D/AG patients) had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than healthy control subjects. The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 56 B12D/AG patients and 532 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. We found that 56 B12D/AG patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and serum iron levels as well as significantly higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean serum homocysteine level than healthy control subjects (all P-values<0.05). Moreover, 56 B12D/AG patients had significantly higher frequencies of macrocytosis (53.6%), blood Hb (64.3%), iron (26.8%), and folic acid (3.6%) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (89.3%), and serum GPCA positivity (55.4%) than 532 healthy control subjects (all P-values<0.005). In addition, of 36 anemic B12D/AG patients, 22 (61.1%) had pernicious anemia (PA), 6 (16.7%) had macrocytic anemia other than PA, 4 (11.1%) had normocytic anemia, 3 (8.3%) had iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and one (2.8%) had microcytic anemia other than IDA and thalassemia trait-induced anemia. We conclude that B12D/AG patients have significantly higher frequencies of macrocytosis, blood Hb, iron, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects. PA is the most common type of anemia in our B12D/AG patients.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in atrophic glossitis patients with iron deficiency

Our previous study found that 180 of 1064 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients have iron deficiency. This study assessed whether all AG patients with iron deficiency (so-called ID/AG patients) had iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and evaluated whether the ID/AG patients had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than healthy control subjects. The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 180 ID/AG patients and 532 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. We found that 180 ID/AG patients had significantly lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and lower mean blood Hb and serum iron levels as well as significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level than healthy control subjects (all P-values<0.001). Moreover, 180 ID/AG patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb (46.1%), serum iron (100.0%), vitamin B12 (8.3%), and folic acid (4.4%) deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia (16.1%), and serum GPCA positivity (31.1%) than 532 healthy control subjects (all P-values<0.001). In addition, of 83 anemic ID/AG patients, 9 (10.8%) had pernicious anemia, 40 (48.2%) had normocytic anemia, 30 (36.2%) had IDA, and 4 (4.8%) had thalassemia trait-induced anemia. We conclude that ID/AG patients had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 532 healthy control subjects. Normocytic anemia is the most common type of anemia in ID/AG patients, followed by IDA, pernicious anemia, and thalassemia trait-induced anemia.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in atrophic glossitis patients with or without hyperhomocysteinemia

Our previous study found that 127 of 1064 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients have hyperhomocysteinemia. This study assessed whether the AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia or healthy control subjects. The blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 127 AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, 937 AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia, and 532 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. We found that 127 AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies and serum GPCA positivity than 532 healthy control subjects (all P-values<0.001) and significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb and serum vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and serum GPCA positivity than 937 AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia (all P-values<0.001). Moreover, 127 AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of macrocytic anemia and significantly lower frequencies of normocytic anemia than 937 AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia (both P-values<0.001). Pernicious anemia (22 cases) was found onlyinAG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia but not in AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia. AG patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity than healthy control subjects and significantly higher frequencies of anemia, serum vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity than AG patients without hyperhomocysteinemia.

Hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in atrophic glossitis patients with normocytosis

Normocytosis is defined as having the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) between 80fL and 99.9fL. This study evaluated whether 944 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients with normocytosis had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than 532 healthy control subjects or 1064 AG patients. Complete blood count, serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 944 AG patients with normocytosis, 1064 AG patients, and 532 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. We found that 12.4%, 14.5%, 2.3%, 2.0%, 9.0%, and 25.7% of 944 AG patients with normocytosis had blood hemoglobin (Hb), iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, 944 AG patients with normocytosis had significantly higher frequencies of blood Hb, iron, vitamin B12, folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 532 healthy control subjects (all P-values<0.01). On the contrary, 944 AG patients with normocytosis had significantly lower frequencies of blood Hb and vitamin B12 deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia than overall 1064 AG patients (all P-values<0.05). We conclude that there are significantly higher frequencies of anemia and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity in AG patients with normocytosis than in healthy control subjects. On the contrary, AG patients with normocytosis have significantly lower frequencies of blood Hb and vitamin B12 deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia than overall AG patients.

Hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in atrophic glossitis patients with macrocytosis

Macrocytosis is defined as having the mean corpuscular volume (MCV)≧100fL. This study evaluated whether 41 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients with macrocytosis had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than 532 healthy control subjects or 1064 AG patients. Complete blood count, serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and GPCA levels in 41 AG patients with macrocytosis, 1064 AG patients, and 532 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. We found that 73.2%, 22.0%, 73.2%, 4.9%, 80.5%, and 56.1% of 41 AG patients with macrocytosis were diagnosed as having blood hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Moreover, 41 AG patients with macrocytosis had significantly higher frequencies of blood hemoglobin and serum vitamin B12 deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 532 healthy control subjects or 1064 AG patients (all P-values<0.001). In addition, 41 AG patients with macrocytosis also had significantly higher frequencies of serum iron and folic acid deficiencies than 532 healthy control subjects (both P-values<0.001). Pernicious anemia was found in 22 AG patients with macrocytosis. There are significantly higher frequencies of anemia and serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity in AG patients with macrocytosis than in healthy control subjects. AG patients with macrocytosis also have significantly higher frequencies of blood hemoglobin and serum vitamin B12 deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than AG patients.

Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in atrophic glossitis patients with or without microcytosis

Microcytosis is defined as having mean corpuscular volume (MCV)<80fL. This study evaluated whether 79 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients with microcytosis and 985 AG patient without microcytosis had higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity than 532 healthy control subjects. Complete blood count, serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and serum GPCA levels in 79 AG patients with microcytosis, 985 AG patient without microcytosis, and 532 healthy control subjects were measured and compared. We found that 69.6%, 43.0%, 5.1%, 3.8%, 11.4%, and 22.8% of 79 AG patients with microcytosis and 14.9%, 14.8%, 5.3%, 2.1%, 12.0%, and 27.0% of 985 AG patients without microcytosis were diagnosed as having blood hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Both 79 AG patients with microcytosis and 985 AG patients without microcytosis had significantly higher frequencies of blood hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 532 healthy control subjects (all P-values<0.01). Moreover, 79 AG patients with microcytosis had significantly higher frequencies of blood hemoglobin and iron deficiencies than 985 AG patients without microcytosis. There are significantly higher frequencies of anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity in AG patients with or without microcytosis than in healthy control subjects. AG patients with microcytosis have significantly higher frequencies of blood hemoglobin and iron deficiencies than AG patients without microcytosis.

Hematinic deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia in gastric parietal cell antibody-positive or gastric and thyroid autoantibodies-negative atrophic glossitis patients

Our previous study found that 177 of 1064 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients have serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity only (so-called GPCA+AG patients). This study assessed whether serum GPCA positivity or AG itself was a significant factor causing hematinic deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia in GPCA+AG or GPCA-negative, thyroglobulin antibody (TGA)-negative, and thyroid microsomal antibody (TMA)-negative AG (GPCA־TGA־TMA־AG) patients. The mean blood hemoglobin (Hb), iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels were measured and compared between any two of three groups of 177 GPCA+AG patients, 476 GPCA־TGA־TMA־AG patients, and 532 healthy control subjects. GPCA+AG patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb and iron (for women only) levels and a significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level than healthy control subjects. Moreover, GPCA+AG patients had significantly greater frequencies of blood Hb, iron, and vitamin B12 deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia than healthy control subjects. GPCA+AG patients have a lower mean serum vitamin B12 level and a significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level as well as significantly greater frequencies of vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia than GPCA־TGA־TMA־AG patients. Moreover, GPCA־TGA־TMA־AG patients did have significantly lower mean blood Hb and iron levels and significantly greater frequencies of blood Hb, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia than healthy control subjects. The GPCA is a major factor causing vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocyteinemia in GPCA+AG patients. AG itself does play a significant role in causing anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in both GPCA+AG and GPCA־TGA־TMA־AG patients.

Significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in atrophic glossitis patients.

Atrophic glossitis (AG) patients are prone to have anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity. This study evaluated whether 1064 AG patients had significantly higher frequencies of anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 532 healthy control subjects. The complete blood count, serum iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, and serum GPCA levels in 1064 AG patients and 532 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were measured and compared. We found that 7.4%, 3.9%, 19.0%, 16.9%, 5.3%, 2.3%, 11.9%, and 26.7% of 1064 AG patients were diagnosed as having microcytosis, macrocytosis, hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Moreover, 1064 AG patients had significantly higher frequencies of microcytosis, macrocytosis, hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity than 532 healthy control subjects (all P-values<0.005). Of the 202 anemic AG patients, 22 had pernicious anemia, eight had macrocytic anemia rather than pernicious anemia, 117 had normocytic anemia, 30 had iron deficiency anemia, and 21 had thalassemia trait-induced anemia, and four had microcytic anemia rather than iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait-induced anemia. There are significantly higher frequencies of anemia, serum iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and serum GPCA positivity in AG patients than in healthy control subjects. The normocytic anemia and iron deficiency anemia are the two most common types of anemia in our 1064 AG patients.

Hematinic deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia in gastric parietal cell antibody-positive or gastric and thyroid autoantibodies-negative Behcet's disease patients.

Our previous study found that 9 of 63 recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS)/Behcet's disease (BD) patients have serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity. This study assessed whether serum GPCA positivity or RAS/BD itself was a significant factor causing hematinic deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia in GPCA-positive RAS/BD (GPCA+RAS/BD) or gastric and thyroid autoantibodies-negative RAS/BD (Abs-RAS/BD) patients. The mean blood hemoglobin (Hb), iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels were measured and compared between any two of three groups of 9 GPCA+RAS/BD patients, 41 Abs-RAS/BD patients, and 126 healthy control subjects. GPCA+RAS/BD patients had significantly lower mean blood Hb (for men only), iron (for men only), and vitamin B12 levels as well as a significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level than 126 healthy control subjects. Moreover, GPCA+RAS/BD patients had significantly greater frequencies of blood Hb, iron, and vitamin B12 deficiencies and of hyperhomocysteinemia than healthy control subjects. GPCA+RAS/BD patients did have a significantly lower mean serum vitamin B12 level and a significantly higher mean serum homocysteine level as well as significantly greater frequencies of vitamin B12 deficiency and of hyperhomocysteinemia than Abs-RAS/BD patients. Moreover, Abs-RAS/BD patients did have significantly lower mean blood Hb, iron, and folic acid levels and significantly greater frequencies of blood Hb and iron deficiencies than healthy control subjects. The GPCA is a major factor causing vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocyteinemia in GPCA+RAS/BD patients. RAS/BD itself does play a significant role in causing anemia and hematinic deficiencies in both GPCA+RAS/BD and Abs-RAS/BD patients.

High frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in oral submucous fibrosis patients.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic progressive scaring oral disease associated with areca quid chewing. This study evaluated whether OSF patients had anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA) positivity. The blood hemoglobin (Hb), iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid concentrations, mean corpuscular volume, and serum GPCA in 68 male OSF patients were measured and compared with the corresponding data in 136 age-matched male healthy control individuals. We found that five (7.4%), 14 (20.6%), 34 (50.0%), 28 (41.2%), and nine (13.2%) of the 68 male OSF patients had Hb (< 13g/dL), iron (≤ 70μg/dL), vitamin B12 (≤ 450pg/mL), and folic acid (≤ 6ng/mL) deficiencies, and serum GPCA positivity, respectively. Furthermore, OSF patients had a significantly higher frequency of Hb (p=0.006), vitamin B12 (p<0.001), or folic acid (p<0.001) deficiency and of serum GPCA positivity (p=0.011) than healthy control participants. Of the five OSF patients with anemia, two had thalassemia trait, one had iron deficiency anemia, and two had macrocytic anemia (mean corpuscular volume≥100fL). In addition, of the nine OSF patients with serum GPCA positivity, six had vitamin B12 deficiency, five had folic acid deficiency, and two had iron deficiency. However, none of the nine GPCA-positive OSF patients had pernicious anemia based on the strict World Health Organization definition. We conclude that there are high frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and of serum GPCA positivity in our male OSF patients.