Changes In Serum Electrolytes Research Articles

Dose-exposure-response of CARDALIS® (benazepril/spironolactone) on the classical and alternative arms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy dogs.

Benazepril exhibits a dose-dependent effect on biomarkers of the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in dogs. To characterize the dose-exposure-response relationship of a fixed-dose combination product including benazepril and spironolactone (CARDALIS®) on RAAS biomarkers in dogs. Eighteen purpose-bred healthy beagle dogs. Three groups of 6 dogs received different doses of CARDALIS® for 14 days following induction of RAAS activation by feeding a low-sodium diet: (a) benazepril 0.25 mg/kg + spironolactone 2 mg/kg PO q24h (label dose); (b) benazepril 0.25 mg/kg + spironolactone 2 mg/kg PO q12h; or (c) benazepril 0.5 mg/kg + spironolactone 4 mg/kg PO q12h. Blood samples were collected at baseline and serial time intervals after CARDALIS® dosing to measure serum RAAS biomarkers and plasma concentrations of active drug metabolites. Time-weighted averages for serum RAAS biomarkers after CARDALIS® dosing at steady state were compared between dosage groups using Wilcoxon rank-sum testing. Compared to the label dose, the highest dose of CARDALIS® was associated with a 30% decrease in angiotensin II (P = .03), 94% increase in angiotensin 1-7 (P = .03), 71% decrease in surrogate activity of ACE (P = .002), and 116% increase in circulating aldosterone (P = .02). CARDALIS® was well-tolerated at all doses with no clinically relevant changes in renal values or serum electrolytes. The combined CARDALIS® product leads to dose-dependent alterations of RAAS metabolites. These results could help inform clinical trials in dogs with heart disease.

Association of furosemide versus chlorothiazide exposures with serum sodium, potassium, and chloride among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

To examine the association of novel furosemide versus thiazide diuretic exposure with changes in serum sodium, potassium, and chloride levels among infants with grade 2/3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Retrospective cohort study of infants admitted to a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with grade 2/3 BPD. We measured within-subject change in serum sodium, potassium, and chloride before and after diuretic initiation using multivariable regression to adjust for differences in dosing and clinical covariates. We identified 94 infants contributing 137 novel diuretic exposures. No significant difference was noted in the association between chlorothiazide versus furosemide and serum sodium, potassium, or chloride change in multivariable modeling. Changes in serum electrolytes were similar for chlorothiazide and furosemide, questioning the perception that chlorothiazide leads to less electrolyte derangement among preterm infants with grade 2/3 BPD.

Serum Electrolytes and Calcium Levels in Neonates Receiving Phototherapy for Neonatal Jaundice

Background: Neonatal Jaundice (NJ) is one of the most common causes of neonatal admission. Phototherapy is an important treatment modality for NJ. However, this treatment modality may itself result in changes of different biochemical parameters. The study aimed to evaluate the changes in serum electrolytes (Sodium, potassium and chloride) and calcium in neonates receiving phototherapy for NJ. Materials and methods: One hundred and two term neonates admitted to the Special Care Newborn Unit, Chattogram Medical College Hospital for the management of NJ by phototherapy were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Serum bilirubin, sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium were measured before and after 48 hours of phototherapy and compared. Results: The mean gestational age and mean age of admission of the neonates were 38.6±0.6 weeks and 6.42 ± .67 day respectively. The mean sodium, potassium and calcium level before therapy was respectively, 138.4±1.8 mmol/L, 4.1±0.3 mmol/L and 8.8±0.3 mg/dl. There was significant decrease in the level of mean sodium (136.4±1.6 mmol/L), potassium (3.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L) and calcium (8.4±0.4 mg/dL) after phototherapy. All neonates had normal level of serum calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride before phototherapy. After 48 hours of phototherapy, 46 (45.1%) of them had abnormal values with the incidence hypocalcaemia, hyponatraemia and hypokalemia respectively in 21.6%, 25.5% and 10.8% of the neonates. Conclusion: Neonates undergoing phototherapy are at risk of developing hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia. Closed monitoring is essential to observe the changes in sodium, potassium and calcium and should be managed accordingly. IAHS Medical Journal Volume 6(2) December 2023; 83-86

Effects of propylene glycol in different doses on metabolic parameters in dairy cows

In the study, the effects of propylene glycol (PG) drenched in different doses in dairy cows with positive energy balance were evaluated on serum metabolic parameters. Twenty-four Simmental dairy cows in 60-190 days of lactation period with positive energy balance were included to this study. PG was drenched 3 h after morning feeding, at a doses of 300 mL (8 dairy cows) and 500 mL (8 dairy cows), once a day, for 3 days. Eight dairy cows were included for control group. Blood samples were collected once before PG drenching, daily after drenching of PG, and finally on day 4. Serum biochemical parameters were determined. With regard to energy metabolism, glucose concentrations from serum biochemical parameters significantly increased on day 3 in 500 mL PG group compared to control group, and there were not significant changes in BHBA and NEFA concentrations. Decreased urea, increased chloride concentrations were determined with within reference limits. In dairy cows with positive energy balance, 500 mL PG oral drenching had positive effect on energy balance as determined by serum glucose measurements, might not have negative effects on hepatic and renal function, and may cause serum electrolyte changes within reference limits.

RENAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TELMISARTAN/S-AMLODIPINE SINGLE-PILL COMBINATION IN KOREAN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A MULTICENTER RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Objective: Telmisartan/S-Amlodipine (TEL/S-AML) single-pill combination (SPC) may effectively lower blood pressure (BP) lowering and exhibit renal protective effects, as angiotensin receptor blockers are acknowledged for such benefits. However, there is a scarcity of studies validating these effects in real-world settings. Herein, we assessed the BP-lowering effects and safety, with a specific focus on renal function, after over 6 months of administration in Korean hypertensive patients. Design and method: This study constitutes a non-interventional, multicenter, retrospective observational investigation that includes individuals diagnosed with essential hypertension and treated with the TEL/S-AML SPC for a period exceeding 6 months. We analyzed the serial changes in BP, serum electrolytes, and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs). We additionally collected data on serious and other adverse events (AEs) and assessed their relationship to TEL/S-AML SPC. Results: A total number of 4,934 patients were enrolled in this study. Following the administration of TEL/S-AML SPC, both of systolic and diastolic BPs showed a significant decrease throughout the study period (Ps <0.05). AEs were reported in 352 cases among 282 subjects (5.72%), while serious AEs were reported 74 cases among 62 subjects (1.26%). Serious AEs with a potential relation to TEL/S-AML SPC were reported in 3 subjects (0.06%). No change in eGFR was observed over the study period. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that the TEL/S-AML SPC is effective in lowering BP and may contribute to the preservation of renal function, showing a low incidence of renal complications after over 6 months of administration in Korean hypertensive patients. These results provide support for the assertion that this agent is well-tolerated.

Long-term complications and outcomes of augmentation cystoplasty in children with neurogenic bladder

Augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is an effective surgical procedure for patients with neurogenic bladder whenever conservative treatments have failed. The present study aimed to determine the risks of metabolic complications, malignancy, long-term outcomes and histopathologic changes of native bladder and the augmented intestine after AC in children with neurogenic bladder. Pediatric patients < 18 years who underwent AC between 2000 and 2020 were enrolled. Early postoperative complications, long-term outcomes and histopathologic changes in mucosal biopsies of native bladder and the augmented intestine after AC were reviewed. Twenty-two patients with a mean age of 7.6 ± 4.4 years were included. The ileum was used in 19 patients and the sigmoid colon in 3 patients. The length of hospital stay was 14.8 ± 6.8 days. Post-operatively, the urinary continence rate improved from 22.7 to 81.8% (p < 0.001). Hydronephrosis resolved in 17 of 19 patients. Vesicoureteral reflux resolved in 16 (64.0%) of the refluxing ureter units and was downgraded in 7 (28.0%). Grades of hydronephrosis and reflux significantly improved following AC (p < 0.001). The estimated glomerular filtration rate also significantly increased (p = 0.012). Formation of urinary tract stones was the most frequent late complication (in 8 patients, 36.4%). Life-threatening spontaneous bladder perforation occurred in 1 patient. After a mean follow-up of 13.4 ± 5.9 years, there were no cases of mortality, new-onset symptomatic metabolic acidosis, or changes in serum electrolytes. Of the 17 patients who were followed for > 10 years, no cases of malignancy or metaplastic changes were identified in the native bladder or augmented bowel epithelium. AC is a safe and effective procedure with low surgical and metabolic complication rates. In addition, AC provides a satisfactory continence rate and long-term protection of renal function, increases functional capacity, and regresses reflux and hydronephrosis. Individualized surveillance is recommended for the early identification of urolithiasis and metabolic disturbances.

Evaluation of eye and serum findings in different waters in rabbits by drowning and submersion modeling.

This study investigated serum, vitreous, and anterior chamber fluid electrolyte changes, corneal thickness (CT), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) as an auxiliary diagnostic method in the identification of drowning in fresh or salt water. The study used 35 healthy, adult, male, white New Zealand rabbits, seperated into five groups (control, saltwater drowning (SWD), saltwater immersion (SWI), freshwater drowning (FWD), freshwater immersion (FWI)). CT, CV, ACV, and ACD measurements were made with Pentacam topography at 0, 2, and 4 h in all groups. Magnesium (mg), sodium (Na), and chlorine (Cl) were measured in the blood at 0 and 2 h, and in blood, vitreous fluid, and humor aqueous at 4 h. It was determined that CT, CV, ACV, and ACD are not of great value in drowning diagnosis and are affected by the fresh or salt water rather than drowning. Vitreous Na, Cl, and Mg levels are ineffective in determining drowning after one h. Anterior chamber fluid may provide valuable information in the differentiation freshwater - saltwater drownings at the 4th h in corpses retrieved from water. Anterior chamber fluid Na and Cl levels, especially in corpses removed from salt water, can be an easily used test that can help diagnose drowning.

The protective role of l-carnitine on oxidative stress, neurotransmitter perturbations, astrogliosis, and apoptosis induced by thiamethoxam in the brains of male rats

Synthetic organic insecticides such as pyrethroids, organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and others have the potential to disrupt ecosystems and are often toxic to humans. Thiamethoxam (TMX), a neonicotinoid insecticide , is a widely used insecticide with neurotoxic potential. l-Carnitine (LC) is regarded as the “gatekeeper” in charge of allowing long-chain fatty acids into cell mitochondria. LC is an endogenous chemical that is renowned for its prospective biological activity in addition to its role in energy metabolism. This study investigated the protective effects of LC against TMX-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. For 28 days, animals were divided into four groups and treated daily with either LC (300 mg/kg), TMX (100 mg/kg), or both at the aforementioned doses. Our results revealed marked serum lipid profile and electrolyte changes, declines in brain antioxidants and neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin levels) with elevations in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and proinflammatory cytokine levels, as well as acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase brain activity in TMX-treated rats. TMX also increased the expression of caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. In contrast, pretreatment with LC attenuated TMX-induced brain injury by suppressing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines and modulating neurotransmitter levels. It also ameliorated the expression of apoptotic and astrogliosis markers. It could be concluded that LC has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-astrogliosis, and anti-apoptotic potential against TMX neurotoxicity.Graphical abstract

Effects of isoenergetic supplementation as water use mitigation strategy on water footprint and health of nursing bull calves.

Sustainable livestock systems focus on mitigating natural resource use such as water. Dietary management strategies can significantly reduce the water footprint of livestock animals; however, animal health is of concern when animals reduce water intake due to subacute dehydration. To evaluate potential consequences of this nutritional management intervention, a total of 23, 60 ± 3 days old nursing Holstein bull calves, weighing 94.7 ± 12.07 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design and received one of three diets. Control was a basal diet composed of a non-medicated milk replacer (milk replacer; n = 7), and the additional two diets, were composed of the same non-medicated milk replacer in addition to either lipid [n = 8; milk replacer + menhaden fish oil (3 %)] or soluble carbohydrate [n = 8; milk replacer + corn starch (7%) isoenergetic to fat group] supplements. Animals were offered ad libitum mineral mix and water, as well as 120 g/day of a composite mix of dried microbrewery's spent grains. Data were analyzed as linear and generalized linear mixed models with diet as a fixed effect and animal as random utilizing R studio (R Core Team, 2021, Vienna, Austria; SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Within supplementation groups, lipid supplemented calves had the highest lymphocyte (63.24 vs 57.69 counts/100 lymphocytes; P < 0.033), and lowest neutrophil counts (29.3 vs 35.3 counts/100 lymphocytes; P < 0.047). Supplementation significantly increased total serum protein (P = 0.001) and skin moisture (P < 0.011), with carbohydrate group having the highest skin moisture (5.30 vs 3.99; P < 0.047). Supplementation also decreased fecal fluidity scores (P < 0.001) with no significant change in serum electrolytes (P > 0.256). No significant differences were found amongst treatments for the ingestive behavior (P > 0.338). The carbohydrate-supplemented calves significantly decreased all daily water footprints compared to the control and fat-supplemented groups: blue a 47.55 L decrease, (P < 0.001), green a 265.62 L decrease (P = 0.005), and gray a 55.87 L decrease (P = 0.009) water footprint, as well as total water footprint (369.04 L, P = 0.004). Our results indicate the potential to maintain animal performance while increasing water use efficiency through diet supplementation tailored to mitigate water use, without adverse effects on animal health.

Physiological parameters and serum electrolyte changes after betaine supplementation in lactating Murrah buffaloes during hot-humid season

Betaine acts as a methyl donor in metabolism and serves as an organic osmolyte, which is used by cells for protection against osmotic stress and high temperatures. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of betaine on physiological parameters and serum electrolyte changes in postpartum lactating Murrah buffaloes during the hot-humid season. The study was performed at the Livestock Farm Complex, N.D.V.S.U., Jabalpur, in 2019. Eighteen postpartum Murrah buffaloes were randomly divided into three groups for the experiment. T1 was a control group. T2 and T3 groups were supplemented with betaine at 50 g/animal/day and 100 g/animal/day, respectively. Betaine was supplemented in the feed from day 5 postpartum and continued up to 4 months. The rectal temperature was found to be significantly lower in the T2 and T3 groups as compared to the T1 group on day 90 postpartum. The pulse rate was lower in the T2 and T3 groups as compared to the control group on day 105 postpartum. It was concluded that betaine improves serum sodium, potassium, and the chloride concentration as compared to the control group and reduces heat stress in lactating buffaloes.

Changes of Serum Electrolytes and Serum Vitamin C Levels in a Sample of Iraqi patients Infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is widespread and involved in the pathogenesis of the majority of stomach and duodenal diseases. Reduced stomach acidity facilitates the initial infection. Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride) are essential for the production of stomach acid. This study aimed to observe any changes in the levels of serum electrolytes (Na, K, and Cl) and serum vitamin C levels in a sample of Iraqi patients infected with H. Pylori. We studied 30 infected patients with H. Pylori and 30 matched healthy controls. The results revealed that the serum sodium, potassium, and chloride levels were significantly decreased (p = 0.002, 0.003 and 0.0001, respectively) in the patients infected with the H. Pylori group in comparison with those of the healthy controls. Also, vitamin C levels were significantly lower in patients infected with H. Pylori than in the control group (p = 0.001). The present results suggest that these changes may be attributed to or contribute to the infection itself through changes in gastric acidity, and this needs further study.

Adaptive Nutrition Intervention Stabilizes Serum Phosphorus Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Decentralized Clinical Trial Using Real-World Data

This study aims to evaluate the effect of an adaptive nutritional and educational intervention for patients on hemodialysis (HD) in a routine care setting, using real-world data from electronic health records. Decentralized clinical trial of seven HD facilities recruited patients who have been on HD for over 3months (N=153) for an 8-week adaptive intervention protocol. Patients were divided into four groups: (1) control (2) education intervention (3) meal intervention (4) education and meal interventions. Educational contents were digitally delivered via mobile phones and premade meals tailored on laboratory findings were home-delivered. Changes in serum electrolytes and malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) were analyzed. Meal intervention statistically significantly stabilized serum phosphorus level (β=-0.81mg/dL, 95% confidence interval=[-1.40, -0.22]) at week 8, with increased likelihood of being within target serum value range (odds ratio=1.21, 95% confidence interval=[1.04, 1.40]). Meal group showed better nutritional status (MIS=3.65) than the education group (MIS=5.10) at week 8 (adjusted p<.05). No significant changes were observed in serum potassium level, depression, and self-efficacy. It was demonstrated that an adaptive meal intervention in a real-world care setting may benefit serum phosphorus control and nutritional status of patients on HD, without negative effect on depression levels or self-efficacy. More work is needed to develop an effective educational intervention.

A Prospective Observational Study Among Patients on Long Term Hemodialysis for Changes in Serum Electrolytes with Varying Urine Outputs and Impact of Patient Counselling on their Quality of Life- A Pilot Study

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a progressive loss of function occurring over several months to years and is characterized by the gradual replacement of normal kidney architecture with parenchymal fibrosis. End stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined as irreversible decline in a person's own kidney function, which is severe enough to be fatal in the absence of dialysis or transplantation. Since hemodialytic patients with greater urine output have a greater ability to excrete electrolytes, acids, and fluid compared to patients low urine output, they are likely to have less body accumulation of these elements. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critically important outcome for patients with ESRD.

Alterations of serum electrolytes and biochemical indices of Panagasianodon gigas subjected to different water temperatures and the appropriate temperature range for sustaining life

ABSTRACT The effects of cold and heat shocks on serum electrolyte and biochemical changes in Panagasianodon gigas. Cold shock was conducted as follows: 25–22°C, 25–19°C and 25–13°C; and heat shock: 25–28°C, 25–31°C and 25–37°C. The lowest Na+ was found in the group exposed to 25–13°C and 25–37°C, while the highest Na+ was observed in the 25–31°C group. The K+ significantly increased with decreases in water temperature. The Cl- was significantly decreased and increased when decreasing and increasing water temperature, respectively. The serum CO2 level was affected by cold shock but was not affected by heat shock. The highest and lowest Na+/K+ ratio was found in the group exposed to 25°C–31°C and 25°C–13°C, respectively. Moreover, the Na+/Cl- ratio showed a similar trend to that of the Na+/K+ ratio. Furthermore, the highest (Na+ + K+)/Cl- ratio was found in 25–31°C group. The highest glucose was found in all the cold shock groups. Albumin, globulin, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased after exposure to cold and heat shocks. These results demonstrated that 25–28°C is the appropriate temperature range for this species whilst other ranges influenced biochemical and physiological indices.

Association of serum electrolyte changes during haemodialysis with stimulation of premature ventricular contractions

BackgroundPatients on haemodialysis are predisposed to heart rhythm disorders, including bradyarrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter, supraventricular/ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) (Turakhia et al. in Eur Heart J 39:2314–2325, 2018). In addition to the fact that patients on haemodialysis have a high prevalence of underlying cardiac disease, the stress of haemodialysis itself might also contribute to increased rates of arrhythmias and SCD (Samanta et al. in Can J Cardiol 35:1228–1240, 2019).MethodsA Holter 24-h electrocardiogram was set up immediately before the start of haemodialysis for 72 haemodialysis patients (dialysis vintage: 6–8734 days) to record premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) as a marker of arrhythmogenesis for 24 h. Blood samples were also collected every hour during haemodialysis treatment. Each patient was dialyzed against a dialysate consisting of Na+140 mEq/L, K+ 2.0 mEq/L, Ca+ 3.0 mEq/L, Mg2+ 1.0 mEq/L, Cl− 110 mEq/L, CH3COO− 8 mmol/L and HCO3− 30 mEq/L.ResultsThe frequency of PVCs significantly increased in the 4th (80 ± 34 beats/hour, mean ± S.E.), 5th (79 ± 31 beats/hour) and 6th (105 ± 36 beats/hour) hours (F = 5.24, p < 0.00001, n = 72). The lowest left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, p = 0.001) and the highest b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels (p = 0.049) were found in patients with the highest PVC counts. There was an association of positive changes in both serum K+ (β ± S.E., 9.7 ± 2.4, p = 0.0002), Mg2+ (43.2 ± 10.3, p = 0.0001) and HCO3− (5.3 ± 1.8, p = 0.005) with the frequency of PVCs for 4 h immediately after dialysis. During the same period, there was an association of lower serum K+ (− 8.37 ± 2.16, p = 0.0003) and higher Ca2+ (73.4 ± 18.0, p = 0.0002) with the frequency of PVCs.ConclusionsHaemodialysis stimulated PVC generation, and this effect was especially prominent during the period immediately after haemodialysis. Some serum electrolyte changes affected this PVC stimulation. A positive change in serum K+ or Mg2+ and a negative change in serum Ca2+ during dialysis are risk factors for stimulating PVCs, particularly in patients with lower serum K+ or higher serum Ca2+ levels at the start of dialysis.

Serum Electrolyte and Metabolic Changes During Conditioning of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: A Prospective Study in a Single Institution.

A hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) includes a conditioning regimen which may cause unwanted metabolic changes. We analyzed the changes in electrolytes, glucose, urea, and glomerular filtration rate in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who underwent an autologous HSCT employing the "Mexican method." Serum and urinary electrolytes, blood glucose, creatinine, uric acid, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were prospectively assessed on days -11, -9, and 0 in a group of 75 patients with MS receiving an autologous HSCT employing the "Mexican method," which includes high doses of both cyclophosphamide (Cy, 200 mg/kg) and rituximab (1000 mg). The median age of the patients was 46 years, with a range of 20-65. Baseline data were defined at day -11 of the HSCT. There were significant changes in serum and urinary electrolytes, which diminished substantially after the delivery of high-dose Cy; 12 patients (16%) developed hyponatremia and 2 had hyponatremia-induced seizures, which resulted in hospital admissions. A comparison of baseline blood metabolites with those obtained after the full Cy dosage (day 0) revealed a significant increase in blood glucose and uric acid levels with an associated decrease in serum calcium, sodium, and potassium levels. The salient findings were drug-induced hyponatremia and hyperglycemia. Significant changes in serum electrolytes, blood glucose, creatinine, uric acid, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were observed in patients given autologous HSCT for MS employing high-dose Cy. Some of these changes may have clinical consequences, mainly those derived from iatrogenic hyponatremia. No evidence of damage to renal function was observed at day 0.

Effects of double intravenous furosemide administration at different doses on clinical variables, electrocardiographic indices and serum electrolytes in miniature donkeys.

The intravenous (IV) usage of diuretics such as furosemide may cause changes in clinical variables, electrocardiographic (ECG) indices and some serum electrolytes concentrations in miniature donkeys. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of double intravenous (IV) administration of furosemide at different doses on the clinical variables, ECG indices and serum electrolytes levels in miniature donkeys. A total of 21 clinically and para-clinically healthy miniature donkeys with a mean age of 6.00 ± 1.00 years and weight of 95.00 ± 5.00 kg were used. The animals were randomly divided into three groups of control (normal saline) and low- (1.00 mg kg-1) and high-dose (2.00 mg kg-1) of furosemide. Two IV injections with 12-hr interval were administered in each animal. The clinical and ECG parameters were measured at 0 (baseline), 2 (T2), 24 (T24) and 48 (T48) hr after drug administration. Serum concentrations of electrolytes were measured at T0, T24 and T48. The results of this study showed no changes in clinical variables (heart rate, rectal temperature and respiratory rate) and ECG indices (amplitude and duration of P, QRS and T waves and duration of PR, QT and RR intervals) as well as no significant changes in serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium) levels. Although no significant effect on clinical variables, electrolytes levels and ECG indices after double IV administration of furosemide (1.00 and 2.00 mg kg-1) in miniature donkeys was observed, absence of these effects does not mean that furosemide had no pharmacological effect.

Electrolyte level changes and their correlation with echocardiographic parameters in patients with acute coronary syndrome patients as compared to healthy individuals in Iraq

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a common complication of coronary heart disease. Serum electrolytes changes in ACS have not been studied extensively and there is paucity of information in the literature in this regard, electrolyte imbalance is one of the probable causes of ventricular tachycardia in patients with ACS. 143 people were included in study divided to 93 patients and 50 as control groups. Study group comprised confirmed diagnosis of recent onset of ACS. The blood samples of both groups were analyzed for Serum electrolytes (Na+, K+) by flame-photometry (Bio-Lab Diagnostic kit). Serum levels of glucose and lipid profile were obtained by calorimetry. There was statistically significant increase in serum sodium and potassium levels in across all age groups &amp; in both sexes of study group compared to control group. The mean (± SD) value of serum sodium and potassium concentrations was found non-significantly higher in Female group than Male group, (Pvalue=0.3 ). t-test revealed there was no significant difference in the mean±SD levels of serum sodium and potassium in the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Smoking, and obesity, there were non-significant difference in mean (±SD) values of serum Na and K levels among stages of diastolic dysfunction. The mean (±SD) values of serum sodium and potassium concentrations were increased with increase MR severity. The study showed that there was non-significant positive correlation between age values and serum k levels (r = 0.2) (P= 0.1), while there was non-significant negative correlation between age values and serum Na levels (r = - 0.04), (P = 0.8). Non-significant inverse relationship was noted between serum Na, K concentrations and left ventricular ejection Fraction (LVEF) (r = -0.04, -0.3) (P = 0.8, 0.07). In conclusion, early assessment of serum electrolyte concentration is needed in order to implement proper supplementation and serve as important aid in diagnosis of ACS. The value of serum sodium and potassium concentrations increased with increased MR severity.

Study of changes in serum sodium and potassium levels in term and preterm neonates following phototherapy

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common physical finding in the first week of life. It is a common cause of hospital readmission during neonatal period. Phototherapy is an important treatment modality. However, it has some complications; amongst them serum electrolyte changes are a common complication. Objective of this study is to determine the changes in serum sodium and potassium in neonates before and after phototherapy and compare the occurrence of these changes in relation to gestational age and birth weight.Methods: In a prospective hospital based comparative study both term and preterm neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit receiving phototherapy at Cheluvamba hospital Mysore from July 2021 to April 2022 (10 months) were studied. A predesigned proforma aided the enrolment of new-borns into the study. Serum bilirubin and electrolytes and a comparative study was made between before and after phototherapy groups to determine the incidence of electrolyte imbalance.Results: The study group included 100 neonates. Incidence of low-birth-weight babies was 28% and preterm 22%. Mean birth weight and gestational age was 2.91±0.65 kg and 38.43±1.96 week respectively. The incidence of hyponatremia post phototherapy was found to be 9% which was more in low birth weight and preterm neonates (p&lt;0.001) and was statistically significant. The incidence of potassium changes was found to be non-significant.Conclusions: The study shows that neonates under phototherapy are at higher risk of hyponatremia. This risk is greater in premature and low birth weight babies and hence this group of babies should be closely monitored for electrolyte changes and managed accordingly.

A STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM ELECTROLYTE LEVELS AND FEBRILE CONVULSION IN CHILDREN IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Introduction: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common cause of convulsions in children seen in between 6 to 60 months of age. Fever plays an important role in causing disturbances in uid and electrolyte balance which alters the mechanism of seizure activity and its threshold. To ndAim: out the relationship between serum electrolytes (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium) and simple febrile convulsion. Materials and Method: This cross sectional study was conducted on 120 children of age between 6 to 60 months. 60 children had fever with convulsion(cases) and 60 children had fever without convulsion(control). Serum level of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium were statistically analysed between both the groups In our study the difference in serum sodium, potassium, calcium levels in between case and control group are statisticallyResults: signicant, the p-value being &lt;0.001, 0.017, 0.03 respectively. Our study concludes that changes in serum electrolytes may have aConclusion: role in the development of simple febrile convulsion and measurement of the serum electrolytes in a child with febrile seizures may help in predicting seizure recurrence within the same febrile illness.