Serum Cysteine Research Articles

Metabolomic profiling reveals decreased serum cysteine levels during gestational diabetes mellitus progression.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-related metabolic disorder associated with short-term and long-term adverse health outcomes, but its pathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated. Investigations of the dynamic changes in metabolomic markers in different trimesters may reveal the underlying pathophysiology of GDM progression. Therefore, in the present study, we analysed the metabolic profiles of 75 women with GDM and 75 women with normal glucose tolerance throughout the three trimesters. We found that the variation trends of 38 metabolites were significantly changed during GDM development. Specifically, longitudinal analyses revealed that cysteine (Cys) levels significantly decreased over the course of GDM progression. Further study showed that Cys alleviated GDM in female mice at gestational day 14.5, possibly by inhibiting phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Cys metabolism pathway might play a crucial role in GDM and Cys supplementation represents a potential new treatment strategy for GDM patients.

Combination of serum CST1 and HE4 for early diagnosis of endometrial cancer

Purpose Optimal serological biomarkers have been absent for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer, to date. In this study, we aimed to define the diagnostic performances of individual and combined detection of serum cysteine protease inhibitor 1 (CST1) with traditional tumor markers, including glycated antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC). Methods The performances of individual and combined detection of serum CST1, HE4, and CA125 were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescent immunoassay, respectively. A training data set of 67 patients with early EC, 67 patients with endometrial benign lesion (EBL), and 67 healthy controls (HC) was used to develop a predictive model for early EC diagnosis, which was validated by an independent validation data set. Results In the training data set, serum CST1 and HE4 levels in the early EC group were significantly higher than in EBL/HC groups (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference of serum CA125 level between the early EC and EBL/HC groups (P > 0.05). Serum CST1 and HE4 exhibited areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.715 with 31.3% sensitivity at 90.3% specificity, and 0.706 with 23.9% sensitivity at 95.5% specificity, respectively. Combined detection of serum CST1 and HE4 exhibited an AUC of 0.788 with 49.3% sensitivity at 92.5% specificity. The combination of serum CST1 and HE4 showed promise in diagnosis. Conclusion CST1 is a prospective serological biomarker for early EC diagnosis, and the combination of CST1 and HE4 contributes to the further improvement in the diagnosis of patients with early-stage EC.

The Diagnosis Significance of Serum Cysteine Protease Inhibitors (CST4) in Colorectal Cancer.

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of human serum cysteine protease inhibitors (cystatin 4 [CST4]) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. A total of 291 patients who were admitted to Zhuzhou Central Hospital for colonoscopy from January 2020 to December 2021 and met the inclusion criteria were selected. Serum samples of the patients were collected, and CST4 was detected by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Simultaneously, CEA and CA19-9 were detected, and the patients were divided into the CRC group, benign lesion group, and healthy control group. An attempt was made to construct a CRC prediction model including CST4 and draw a subject working characteristic curve as a diagnostic threshold for CRC prediction, and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the above indicators. At the same time, the expression analysis of CST4, CEA, and CA19-9 was verified by combining the data of CRC in the Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA). In this study, the levels of serum CST4, CEA, and CA19-9 in the CRC group were higher than those in the colorectal benign lesion group and healthy control group, with statistical significance (P < .001). The analysis results of the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of CST4 was 0.7739, which was obviously larger than the AUC of CA19-9 and CEA. CRC data from the TCGA expression database showed that CST4 expression and CEA expression were higher in CRC patients than in normal samples. The combined model based on CST4 was successfully constructed, and the AUC for predicting the occurrence of CRC was 0.7851. CST4 is a novel and improved diagnostic marker for CRC. The combined model based on CST4 has a certain potential value in terms of predicting the occurrence of intestinal cancer.

Establishment of reference intervals of homocysteine, cysteine, and methionine in apparently healthy Chinese adults

Background It has been widely reported that the key biomarkers of homocysteine metabolic pathways have emerged as markers or independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease and many other diseases. To improve the accuracy of evaluation in China, we establish the reference intervals of serum homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), and methionine (Met) in apparently healthy Chinese adults. Methods We examined 1553 subjects aged ≥20 years who underwent Hcy metabolic pathway tests, in the Chaoyang Central Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020. The serum Hcy, Cys, and Met levels were simultaneously determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify sources of variation. A nonparametric method was used to establish the reference intervals. Results Gender differences were observed in Hcy and Met, with higher levels in males. Reference intervals for males were 6.09–17.00 μmol/L (Hcy) and 19.31–33.68 μmol/L (Met); conversely, the reference intervals for females were 4.61–14.61 μmol/L (Hcy) and 16.16–30.35 μmol/L (Met). The serum Cys reference intervals were seen to be gender-independent, but age-dependent reference intervals were needed; those for Cys were 188.85–334.27 μmol/L, 200.48–340.66 μmol/L, and 216.03–349.67 μmol/L in <40, 40–50, and ≥50 years, respectively. Conclusions By this study, the gender- or age-specific reference intervals of Hcy, Cys, and Met that were matched with the Chinese population were established, providing valuable references for clinical work and laboratory researches.

Turn –on FRET-based cysteine sensor by sulfur-doped carbon dots and Au nanoparticles decorated WS2 nanosheet

Cysteine is an essential biothiol that plays various functions in the human body. Decrease or exceeding of this excellent antioxidant from the expected range will lead to so many problems. Thus, appropriate sensing of it would be of great importance. Sulfur-doped carbon Dots(S-CDs) owe excellent fluorescence emission. Therefore, designing a Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system between S-CDs as donor and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated tungsten disulfide nanosheet (WS2 NSs) would be a perfect strategy for cysteine detection. Excitation at 340 nm will give the maximum quantum yield of S-CDs (21%) and fluorescence emission peak at 460 nm. In the presence of cysteine, the FRET mechanism inhibited through the affinity of cysteine's functional groups (-SH and -NH2) toward AuNPs and S-CDs fluorescence emission was recovered. To find the best efficiency of the system, optimization of pH, temperature, and time was investigated. Here the linear range of 3–275 µM and limit of detection of 0.01 µM was obtained. Finally, the fluorescence method was applied to the analysis of cysteine in human blood serum, which poses the potential of rapid and sensitive sensing. It can detect both lower and higher amounts of serum cysteine.

Michael addition-elimination-cyclization based turn-on fluorescence (MADELCY TOF) probes for cellular cysteine imaging and estimation of blood serum cysteine and aminoacylase-1.

Oxidative stress is a hallmark of a range of diseases including cancer, HIV-AIDS and cardiovascular disorders. Blood plasma cysteine (Cys) is an established biomarker for oxidative stress, rendering the development of sensitive and technically straightforward approaches for its estimation extremely desirable. Herein, we achieve this goal by developing a series of Michael addition-elimination-cyclization based turn-on fluorescence (MADELCY TOF) probes that selectively detect Cys over other amino acids and biothiols such as homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH). Cysteine detection by these compounds involves cascaded fluorophore release via the Michael addition of the cysteinyl thiol followed by the elimination of a leaving group and lactamization via the cysteinyl amine. Conveniently, the Cys-reactivity of these probes can be tuned via both inductive and mesomeric effects imparted by their β' position-substituents. One of our probes that contains the p-nitrophenyl group at its β' position demonstrated rapid kinetics (t1/2 = 2.9 min) with excellent sensitivity (detection limit = 8.2 nM) towards Cys. This probe also enabled the sensitive (detection limit = 9.5 pM) estimation of the blood plasma levels of the cancer and liver cirrhosis biomarker, the aminoacylase-1 (ACY-1) enzyme. Furthermore, another probe of our library enabled live cell imaging of cellular Cys allowing us to develop an imaging-based assay to monitor hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in mammalian cells.

Possible Protective Effect of Endothelin-1 Receptor Antagonist on Renal Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by persistent albuminuria and progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Bosentan is a non-peptide mixed antagonist of ET-1. Aim: To investigate the possible protective role of bosentan on renal impairment in T2DM rats and the mechanisms concerned. Materials: Fifty rats were randomly divided into five equal groups; Non-Diabetic (ND), Diabetic non-treated (DN), Diabetic Bosentan-treated (D-Bos.), Diabetic Metformin-treated (D-Met.), Diabetic combined Bosentan and Metformin-treated groups (D-Bos& Met.). T2DM was induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) (35mg/kg) and high fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks. Both Bosentan and metformin were given orally for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, 24hrs urine samples were collected to measure urine (volume, albumin, NAG and creatinine), renal blood flow velocity (RBFV) and peripheral renal resistance (RVR) were measured using Doppler technique. Blood was collected directly from abdominal aorta to estimate fasting serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), serum insulin, complete lipid profile, renal function tests and parameters of oxidative stress: malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Insulin resistance, serum LDL-cholesterol, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and creatinine clearance (CC) were calculated. Results: Serum cysteine c, BUN, urinary albumin and UACR were significantly lowered in both D-Bos. & D-Met when compared to the corresponding values in DN while urinary volume, urinary creatinine, CC and RBFV were significantly elevated but serum creatinine, NAG & RVR were significantly lowered in D-Bos. only. Conclusion: Bosentan and metformin treatment both have a renoprotective effect. Combined treatment showed better results.

The Influence of Serum Homocysteine Level to the Prognosis of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients and Analysis of Related Factors

To analyze the influence of serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels to the prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and to explore related factors affecting the prognosis of the patients. The clinical pathological data of 180 newly diagnosed MM patients treated in our hospital from March 2013 to February 2015 were collected, and the patients were divided into high and low Hcy groups based on the median Hcy. The survival curves of the patients in the two groups were drawn to compare the differences of the survival; univariate and multivariate survival analysis was used to observe the influence of serum cysteine to the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients; the clinicopathological data of the patients with high and low Hcy in the two groups was compared, Pearson test was used to further analyzes the relationship between Hcy and different factors, and explores the related factors of Hcy affecting the prognosis of the patients. The median survival times of patients in the high and low Hcy groups were 32 (5-59) and 41 (7-71) months, respectively. The 3-year survival rate of the patients in high Hcy group was significantly lower than those in low Hcy group, and the difference shows statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of univariate survival analysis showed that the OS of newly diagnosed MM patients whom with advanced age, high bone disease grade, high-level bone marrow plasma cell count, LDH, C-reactive protein, Cr, β2-MG, Hcy, low-level Hb, and ALB was significantly shortened (all P<0.05). The results of multivariate survival analysis showed that old age, high levels of bone marrow plasma cells, Cr, β2-MG, low levels of Hb, and ALB were the independent risk factors shorting the overall survival (OS) time of newly diagnosed MM patients (all P<0.05), while Hcy showed no independent relation for the OS of patients (P>0.05). The Hb level of the patients in high Hcy group was significantly lower than those in low-Hcy group, while the LDH level was significantly higher than those in low Hcy group (all P<0.05). Pearson test results showed that serum Hcy and Hb showed negative correlation (r=-0.813, P<0.05), but it shows positive correlation with LDH (r=0.726, P<0.05). Serum Hcy level has a correlation trend with the survival of newly diagnosed MM, which is affected by factors such as Hb.

21 Invitro maturation of domestic cat oocytes: A comparison of different reproductive stages

Domestic cat invitro embryo production (IVEP) begins with IVM of oocytes to produce mature oocytes; that is, MII. The domestic cat (Felis catus) has been used as a model to carry out assisted reproductive technology (ART) research for application in wild feline species that may be threatened or endangered. The objective of this research was to evaluate oocyte maturation of domestic cats in different reproductive stages: (1) prepubertal, (2) oestrus, (3) pregnant, and (4) anoestrus. The present study was carried out at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco in Mexico City. Unless otherwise stated, all reagents used were from Sigma-Aldrich. The domestic cat ovaries were obtained from a veterinary clinic using salpingo-oophorectomy hysterectomy (OSH). Ovaries were classified as one of the following: (1) prepubertal (female cats under 6 months of age); (2) in oestrus (one or more 2-mm mature follicles); (3) pregnant (presence of fetuses with one or more corpora lutea; and (4) anoestric (ovaries without follicular activity). The ovaries were transported (&amp;lt;2h) in NaCl solution (0.157M) with ampicillin (10 000 IU mL−1), streptomycin (10 000 µg mL−1) and amphotericin (25µg mL−1) to the laboratory. The cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained by ovary microdissection with modified Tyrode’s medium supplemented with sodium lactate (10mM), HEPES (0.50mM) and polyvinyl alcohol (0.01%). COCs were washed twice with TCM-199 medium with Earle’s salts supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA, 3mg mL−1), cysteine (0.1mg mL−1), HEPES (1.4mg mL−1), sodium pyruvate (0.25mg mL−1), sodium lactate (0.6mg mL−1), L-glutamine (0.15mg mL−1) and gentamicin (0.055mg mL−1). The wash medium was also used for IVM, but supplemented with human menopausal hormone (Merional® IBSA; 4.5IU mL−1). Oocyte maturation was performed with TCM-199 medium supplemented with BSA, in an atmosphere of 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 95% air, and humidity at saturation for 48h. To evaluate IVM, 300μg mL−1 of hyaluronidase was used to remove the granulosa cells for 5min at 38°C. Next, the oocytes were fixed with paraformaldehyde (4%) for 15 min; washed with a mounting solution (Imacel, invitro); then, 1.5μg mL−1 of 4’,6 diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) was added. The stained oocytes were evaluated under a microscope (Eclipse E600, Nikon) equipped with a fluorescence lamp and a UV filter (excitation: 330–380nm). The Student’s t-test and the Chi-squared test (χ2) were used for statistical analyses (α=P&amp;lt;0.05). A total of 210 ovaries were obtained from 105 female cats: prepubertal (n=38), oestrus (n=25), pregnant (n=18), and anoestrus (n=24), with a total of 1405 oocytes recovered. The meiotic maturation between the different reproductive stages after 48h of culture was similar in prepubertal (48%), oestrus (46%), pregnant (43%), and anoestrus (45%) groups and did not show a significant difference (P&amp;gt;0.05). This study shows that the domestic cat reproductive stage does not significantly affect the production of mature oocytes for use in ART.

Cysteine allows ovarian cancer cells to adapt to hypoxia and to escape from carboplatin cytotoxicity

Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynaecologic malignancy and the main cause of death from gynaecologic cancer, due to late diagnosis and chemoresistance. Studies have reported the role of cysteine in cancer, by contributing for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) generation and as a precursor of glutathione (GSH). However, the role of cysteine in the adaptation to hypoxia and therapy response remains unclear. We used several ovarian cancer cell lines, ES2, OVCAR3, OVCAR8, A2780 and A2780cisR, to clarify cysteine relevance in ovarian cancer cells survival upon hypoxia and carboplatin. Results show that ES2 and OVCAR8 cells presented a stronger dependence on cysteine availability upon hypoxia and carboplatin exposure than OVCAR3 cells. Interestingly, the A2780 cisR, but not A2780 parental cells, benefits from cysteine upon carboplatin exposure, showing that cysteine is crucial for chemoresistance. Moreover, GSH degradation and subsequent cysteine recycling pathway is associated with ovarian cancer as seen in peripheral blood serum from patients. Higher levels of total free cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (HCys) were found in ovarian cancer patients in comparison with benign tumours and lower levels of GSH were found in ovarian neoplasms patients in comparison with healthy individuals. Importantly, the total and S-Homocysteinylated levels distinguished blood donors from patients with neoplasms as well as patients with benign from patients with malignant tumours. The levels of S-cysteinylated proteins distinguish blood donors from patients with neoplasms and the free levels of Cys in serum distinguish blood from patients with benign tumours from patients with malignant tumours. Herein we disclosed that cysteine contributes for a worse disease prognosis, allowing faster adaptation to hypoxia and protecting cells from carboplatin. The measurement of serum cysteine levels can be an effective tool for early diagnosis, for outcome prediction and follow up of disease progression.

Serum Homocysteine and Cysteine Levels and Anthropometric Changes: A Longitudinal Study among Brazilian Children and Adolescents

ABSTRACTObjective: This article aimed to identify the influence of high serum homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys) levels, alone or in conjunction, on changes in anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents over a 12-month follow-up period.Methods: This is a cohort study involving 483 boys and girls 7–15 years of age. The outcome variables were body mass index (BMI)-for-age and waist circumference (WC) and the principal exposure variables were serum Hcy and Cys levels, alone or in conjunction. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used to identify longitudinal changes in the outcome variables.Results: Irrespective of age, sex, socioeconomic conditions, dietary intake, or the practice of physical activity, the children and adolescents in the fifth quintile of distribution of Hcy levels had a z-score increase of 0.50 (p < 0.01) and a 3.62 cm increase (p < 0.01) in mean BMI-for-age and WC, respectively, over the period of the study. In individuals with Cys values above the fifth quintile, a z-score increase of 0.59 (p < 0.01) and a 5 cm increase (p < 0.01) were found in BMI-for-age and WC, respectively. When serum Hcy and Cys levels were both above the fifth quintile of distribution, a z-score increase of 0.87 (p < 0.01) and a 6.57 cm increase (p < 0.01) were found in mean BMI-for-age and WC, respectively, over the 12-month follow-up.Conclusion: High serum Hcy and Cys levels contributed to an increase in BMI-for-age and WC in children and adolescents over a 12-month follow-up period, with these increases being even greater when these 2 biochemical parameters were simultaneously high.

The diagnosis value of serum human epididymis protein 4 and CA 125 in chronic kidney disease

Objective To investigate the changes and diagnostic value of serum concentrations of human epididymis protein 4(HE4)and carbohydrate antigen 125(CA 125)in different stages of chronic kidney disease(CKD). Methods From February 2015 to August 2016, a total of 158 cases of patients with CKD were divided into the CKD group, another 150 cases of healthy physical examination were divided into the control group.The concentration of serum HE4, CA 125 were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence, and serum creatinine(Scr)was detected by ultraviolet enzymatic method, serum cysteine protease inhibitor(cystatin C, Cys-C)was measured by immunoturbidimetry, the level of serum urea(BUN)was analyzed by urea enzyme-glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme hydrolysis method, and estimated glomerular filtration rate(GFR)was calculated by CKD-EPIcreatinine.The association of serum HE4 and CA 125, GFR, Scr, BUN, Cys-C were analyzed by pearson correlation analysis in CKD patients.The efficiency of serum HE4 and CA 125, Scr, BUN and Cys-C were compared to the diagnosis value of CKD by the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC). Results The concentration of HE4, Cys-C in CKD group increased significantly, compared with that in the control group, the difference had statistical significance(P 0.05), while in CKD5, the difference had statistical significance.In stage CKD1-CKD2 patients the serum level of Scr and BUN, compared with that in the control group, there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05), while in stage CKD3-CKD5 patients, the difference had statistical significance(P 0.05). There was no correlation between CA 125 and GFR, Scr, BUN, Cys-C(P>0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the efficiency to the diagnosis of CKD was primarily the HE4(AUC=0.957), followed by the Cys-C(AUC=0.840), the last was the Scr, BUN(AUC=0.786, 0.636), while the CA 125(AUC=0.534)had no diagnostic value. Conclusion The concentration of HE4 had certain diagnostic value to CKD, and significantly increased with different stages of CKD patients.It may predict the occurrence and development of CKD. Key words: Chronic kidney disease; Human epididymis protein 4; Carbohydrate antigen 125

Effects of dietary supplementation of the osmolyte betaine on growing pig performance and serological and hematological indices during thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine on pig performance and serological and hematological indices during thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions. Individually housed pigs ( = 64; 39.0 ± 1.5 kg BW) were assigned within weight blocks and sex to 1 of 8 treatments. Treatments consisted of 2 environmental conditions (thermoneutral or heat-stressed) and 4 levels of betaine (0, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20%). Room temperatures followed a daily pattern with a low of 14°C and a high of 21°C for the thermoneutral environment and a low of 28°C and a high of 35°C for the heat-stressed environment. Experimental diets were fed from d -7 (7 d prior to imposing temperature treatments; constant 21°C) until 28. Respiration rate and rectal temperature were measured on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28, and blood samples were collected on d 3 and 28. Heat stress reduced ( ≤ 0.008) ADG (0.710 vs. 0.822 kg/d) and ADFI (1.81 vs. 2.27 kg/d) and increased G:F ( = 0.036; 0.391 vs. 0.365). Betaine tended to quadratically increase G:F ( = 0.071; 0.377, 0.391, 0.379, and 0.366 for 0, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% betaine, respectively), regardless of environment. Heat stress increased ( ≤ 0.001) respiration rate (48 vs. 23 breaths/30 s) and rectal temperature (39.47 vs. 38.94°C) throughout d 1 to 28. Betaine at 0.10% reduced rectal temperature in heat-stressed pigs but not in control pigs (interaction, = 0.040). Heat stress increased serum cysteine and triglycerides and reduced Ca, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase, regardless of day of sampling ( ≤ 0.048). Heat stress increased serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and K and reduced osmolarity, Na, urea N, methionine, homocysteine, the albumin:globulin ratio, and blood eosinophil count on d 3 but not on d 28 (interaction, ≤ 0.013). Heat stress increased serum Mg, globulin, creatinine, amylase, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and reduced , the urea N:creatinine ratio, alanine aminotransferase, NEFA, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells on d 28 but not on d 3 (interaction, ≤ 0.034). Betaine increased serum osmolarity and NEFA and reduced CPK and K on d 3 but not on d 28 (interaction, ≤ 0.060) and increased serum creatinine and reduced amylase on d 28 but not on d 3 (interaction ≤ 0.057). Heat stress reduced growth, disturbed ion balance, and increased markers of muscle damage. Betaine had a minor impact on alleviating heat stress with the possible exception of early days of heat exposure. The beneficial effect of betaine was diminished by pig adaptation.

The correlation of serum homocysteine and lipid levels with renal function in renal transplant patients

Objectives The relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) and lipid levels in renal transplant patients was analyzed to investigate the effect of hyperlipidemia on renal function and the importance of lipid monitoring in renal function after renal transplantation. Methods 492 patients outpatient follow-up of renal transplants from November 2014 to April 2015 in the Department of Urology and 221 healthy subjects from Shanghai First People′s Hospital were enrolled and their serum Hcy, Total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), High density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were tested.All the subjects were divided into normal group and abnormal group according to the serum Hcy levels. At the same time serum cysteine protease inhibitor C(CysC) level was tested to estimate glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), grouping according to the principle of Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)《Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative》(KDOQI) staging criteria.The co-relationship between serum TC, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C levels and the possibilities of high cardiovascular risk factors, and the relationship between of serum Hcy and lipid levers, kidney function were analyzed based on the standard of 2007 China Adult dyslipidemia prevention and treatment guidelines . Statistical methods using U test、chi square analysis, correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results The serum TC(4.48-5.85), TG(1.05-1.91), HDL-C(1.33-2.01), LDL-C(2.53-3.72) and Hcy(11.99-20.23) levels in the renal transplantation group were higher than the control group′s TC(4.02-5.33), TG(0.81-1.74), HDL-C(1.11-1.58), LDL-C(2.21-3.32), Hcy(8.9-12.4) levels.(P=0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, P<0.01)In the renal transplantation group, serum Hcy levels was negatively correlated with eGFR and HDL-C levels (r=-0.565, -0.197, P<0.01), and was positively correlated with TG levels. (r=0.107, P<0.05) In renal transplantation group , the serum levels of HDL-C was significant lower in Hcy-abnormal group(1.15-1.77)than the normal group(1.35-1.97) (P=0.001, P<0.01), while the serum levels of LDL-C(2.51-3.93)was higher than the normal group(2.44-3.69)(P=0.023, P<0.05). In the renal transplantation group, the count ratio of lipid risk factors in the Hcy-abnormal group (0 item 55.4%, 1 item 23.5%, 2 items 14.2%, 3 items 6.5%, 4 items 0.4%)was higher than normal group(0 item 69.8%, 1 item 17.2%, 2 items 9.1%, 3 items 3.9%, 4 items 0.0%)(P=0.019, P<0.05). Ranked serum Hcy levels with cardiovascular risk factors, high-risk factors count ratio of eGFR 45-60 ml/min/1.73 m2 group was significant higher than eGFR 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2 group in each level(P=0.018, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis was carried out on the risk factors of serum TG, LDL-C, Hcy levels respectively, the results show that serum TG, LDL-C, Hcy levels and differences in renal function have statistical significance(P=0.00, 0.00, 0.00, P<0.01). Conclusions The serum TG, LDL-C and Hcy levels in the renal transplantation group were consistent increase and associated with kidney injury.The differences in TG, LDL-C, Hcy levels of renal transplant patients may cause differences in renal function after transplantation.Monitoring of serum lipids and Hcy levels is helpful for forecast the possibility of kidney injury.(Chin J Lab Med, 2016, 39: 690-694) Key words: Kidney transplantation; Homocysteine; Lipids; Glomerular filtration rate; Hyperlipidemias

Prospective study of serum cysteine and cysteinylglycine and cancer of the head and neck, esophagus, and stomach in a cohort of male smokers ,

Background:The nonessential amino acid cysteine is known to be involved in many antioxidant and anticarcinogenic pathways. Cysteinylglycine is a pro-oxidant metabolite of glutathione and a precursor of cysteine.Objective: To examine the relation between serum cysteine and cysteinylglycine and risk of gastric adenocarcinomas, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, we conducted a nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention study of male Finnish smokers aged 50–69 y at baseline.Design: In total, 170 gastric adenocarcinomas, 68 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and 270 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry) were matched one-to-one with cancer-free control subjects on age and the date of serum collection. We calculated ORs and 95% CIs with the use of a multivariate-adjusted conditional logistic regression.Results: Cysteine had a U-shaped association with gastric adenocarcinomas; a model that included a linear and a squared term had a significant global P-test (P = 0.036). Serum cysteinylglycine was inversely associated with adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia (OR for above the median compared with below the median: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.70; n = 38 cases) but not for other sites. Both cysteine and cysteinylglycine were not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusions: We observed associations between serum cysteine and cysteinylglycine with upper gastrointestinal cancer risk. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings. This trial was registered at http://clininicaltrials.gov as NCT00342992.

Close relationship between redox state of human serum albumin and serum cysteine levels in non-diabetic CKD patients with various degrees of renal function.

Human mercaptalbumin (HMA) acts as a covalent-carrier protein for sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine, and glutathione. In addition, its sulfhydryl residue reacts with peroxyl radicals. In this study, we evaluated the redox state of human serum albumin and its relationship with serum amino thiol levels in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with various degrees of renal function. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with selected ion monitoring were used to analyze serum samples collected from 37 non-dialysis patients with primary glomerulonephritis without diabetes mellitus (DM) or other systemic diseases (non-diabetic CKD patients). Total cysteine and homocysteine plasma levels increased with decreasing renal function and showed a significant negative correlation with glomerular filtration rate. The protein-bound ratio of serum cysteine also changed with the degree of renal dysfunction. The HPLC fraction of human mercaptalbumin (HMA) (%) was significantly lower in nondiabetic CKD patients than in healthy subjects. The redox state of human serum albumin (i.e., HMA %) correlated significantly with the total serum cysteine level. The HPLC fraction of HMA (%) closely correlated with the serum cysteine level in non-diabetic CKD patients. An increase in oxidized cysteine with impaired renal function and a reduced plasma redox capacity associated with a decrease in the reduced form of serum albumin (HMA %) may be important risk factors for promoting long-term complications in patients with renal dysfunction.

Tu1724 Serum Cysteine Levels Are Inversely Correlated With Pro-Inflammatory Tissue Cytokines in Ulcerative Colitis

Tu1724 Serum Cysteine Levels Are Inversely Correlated With Pro-Inflammatory Tissue Cytokines in Ulcerative Colitis

HPLC‐fluorescence determination of thiol compounds in the serum of human male and female subjects using HILIC‐mode column

High-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mode column (ZIC®-HILIC) was used to determine four kinds of thiol compounds in human serum. Sera were obtained from 34 subjects for this study (17 male subjects aged 22-38 years and 17 female subjects aged 18-38 years). Serum cysteine, cysteinylglycine, glutathione, and γ-glutamylcysteine, derivatized with ammonium 7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonate, were separated on the ZIC®-HILIC column and quantified. The serum concentrations of cysteine, cysteinylglycine, glutathione and γ-glutamylcysteine were 226 ± 4.7, 23.4 ± 1.3, 3.7 ± 0.2 and 3.2 ± 0.1 μm, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of serum thiol compounds from male subjects were significantly higher than those of the female subjects (p < 0.05).

Diagnostic value of serum cysteine leukotriene levels for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children

Objective To assess the clinical value of the measurement of cysteine leukotriene (CysLTs) concentration in serum as a diagnostic predictor to screen the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in children. Methods Serum CysLTs concentration was measured with ELISA kit in 75 patients with snoring before performing polysomnography (PSG). Subsequently, all the subjects underwent PSG test.Forty-one subjects were diagnosed as OSAHS, and 34 subjects didn't have OSAHS.These 34 non-OSAHS subjects were served as control group.Among the OSAHS group, 25 subjects were the Han nationality and 12 subjects were the Uyghur nationality.According to apnea hyponea index(AHI), the OSAHS group was divided into 3 groups, which were light, moderate and severe groups.And the serum CysLTs level of the OSAHS group was taken for correlation analysis with the sleep respiratory parameters.Compared with the PSG results, the clinical value of the measurement of CysLTs concentration in serum was taken as a diagnostic predictor to screen patients with OSAHS in children. Results 1.The serum CysLTs level of OSAHS group [(683.102±89.825) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(461.985± 84.951) ng/L] (P<0.05). And it was correlated positively with AHI, longest apnea time, sleep apnea low aeration time (r=0.417, 0.422, 0.208, all P<0.05), but correlated negatively with the lowest oxygen saturation and the mean oxygen saturation (r=-0.192, -0.255, all P< 0.05).2.The serum CysLTs level [(773.118±92.015) ng/L] in severe OSAHS group was significantly higher than that in the moderate OSAHS group[(712.144±41.331) ng/L](P<0.05), and much more significantly higher than that in the light OSAHS group [(642.206±77.250) ng/L](P<0.05).3.When the serum CysLTs level was 560.872 ng/L, there was the best critical point with the highest sensitivity rate (92.7%) and specificity rate (94.1%), and the lowest misdiagnosis rate and the false dismissal rate, as diagnose accordance rate was 93.3%.4.The serum CysLTs level of Han [(704.417±77.149) ng/L] was higher than that of Uygur [(628.053±105.443) ng/L], and there was significant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Serum CysLTs level is closely related with the severity of OSAHS.There is difference in serum CysLTs level between different nationalities.The serum CysLTs level of the Han nationality is higher than the Uygur nationality.The serum level of CysLTs may be used as a predictor in screening OSAHS children and a biological marker of the severity of OSAHS children. Key words: Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, obstructive; Serum cysteine leukotriene; Child

ASSA13-14-1 Application of Cystatin C to Evaluation of Renal Function in Patients with Essential Hypertension

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical application of serum cysteine protease inhibitor C (Cystatin C, Cys-C) determination in early renal impairment in essential hypertensive by comparing the differences of renal function indices...